Feeding behavior of F1 Holstein x Zebu lactating cows fed increasing levels of banana peel

This study evaluated the feeding behavior of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows fed increasing levels of banana peel. Diets contained 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel. The experimental design was two 5x5 Latin squares. Cows were subjected to visual observation after adaptation of each trial period. The times spent in feeding (4.13 to 5.58 hours day^-1) and in idle (10 to 12.53 hours day^-1) presented quadratic effect. The time spent ruminating, number and duration of rumination periods, chews per cud, and numbers of cuds per day were not affected by treatments. The total chewing time showed a quadratic effect, with peak at 18.58% replacement. The banana peel levels did not affect consumption, rumination and chewing neutral detergent fiber. Intake, rumination and chewing of dry matter showed a decreasing linear effect. The replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel up to 60% in the diet for lactating cows reduces the time spent in feeding and improves feeding and rumination efficiencies of dry matter, keeping the milk production of cows.

Keywords:
banana plantations; co-product; ethology; animal nutrition

Authorship

Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenida Reinaldo Viana, 2630, 39440-000, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosBrazilJanaúba, Minas Gerais, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenida Reinaldo Viana, 2630, 39440-000, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: vicente.rocha@unimontes.br

Marco Túlio Parrela de Melo

Joyce Cipriana Pacheco Ramos

Lucas Gabriel Cardoso

Jéssica Jordane Pereira Silva

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: vicente.rocha@unimontes.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (6)

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Table 1
Proportion of ingredients of the experimental diets and chemical composition of the diets, on a dry matter basis.

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Table 2
Chemical composition of ingredients of the experimental diets, on a dry matter basis.

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Table 3
Average time spent in feeding (AT), ruminating (RT) and idle (IT), in hours day^-1; number of periods of feeding (NPF), rumination (NPR) and idle (NPI), in number day^-1; duration of periods of feeding (DPF), rumination (DPR) and idle (DPI), in minutes period^-1, coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets.

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Table 4
Dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber, dry matter rumination, neutral detergent fiber rumination, dry matter chewing and neutral detergent fiber chewing, coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets.

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Table
5. Chewing time per cud (CT cud^-1) expressed in seconds per cud, number of cud chews per cud (NCC cud^-1), number of cud chews per minute (NCC min^-1), number of cud chews per day (NCC day^-1), number of cuds ruminated per day (NCR day^-1), total chewing time (TCT) in hours day^-1, coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets for F1 Holstein x Zebu lactating cows.

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Table 6
Feeding efficiency of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), rumination efficiency of dry matter, rumination efficiency of NDF expressed in grams hour^-1, milk production corrected for 3.5% fat day^-1 (MPC), coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets.

Table 1 Proportion of ingredients of the experimental diets and chemical composition of the diets, on a dry matter basis.

⁽¹⁾Guarantee levels per kg product: calcium (128 g min)(157 g max), phosphorus (100 g min^-1), sodium (120 g min.^-1), magnesium (15 g), sulfur (33 g), cobalt (135 mg), copper (2160 mg), iron (938 mg), iodine (160 mg), manganese (1800 mg), selenium (34 mg), zinc (5760 mg), fluorine (1000 mg); ⁽²⁾NDIN = neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen; ⁽³⁾ADIN = acid detergent insoluble nitrogen; ⁽⁴⁾NFC = Non-fiber carbohydrates; ⁽⁵⁾NDF = Neutral detergent fiber; ⁽⁶⁾NDFcP = Neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein; ⁽⁷⁾ADF = Acid detergent fiber.

Table 2 Chemical composition of ingredients of the experimental diets, on a dry matter basis.

⁽¹⁾NDIN = neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen;⁽²⁾ADIN = acid detergent insoluble nitrogen; ⁽³⁾NFC = Non-fiber carbohydrates; ⁽⁴⁾NDF = Neutral detergent fiber; ⁽⁵⁾FDNcp = Neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein; ⁽⁶⁾ADF = Acid detergent fiber.

Table 3 Average time spent in feeding (AT), ruminating (RT) and idle (IT), in hours day^-1; number of periods of feeding (NPF), rumination (NPR) and idle (NPI), in number day^-1; duration of periods of feeding (DPF), rumination (DPR) and idle (DPI), in minutes period^-1, coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets.

¹Ŷ= 5.347144 + 0.027714X - 0.000799 (R² = 0.94); ²Ŷ= 10.487618 + -0.054571X -0.001476X² (R² = 0.99); ³Ŷ= 20.520000 + 0.082667X (R² = 0.83); ⁴Ŷ= 28.338311 - 0.087829X (R² = 0.99); ⁵Ŷ= 32.293592 - 0.365620X + 0.005564X² (R² = 0.75).

Table 4 Dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber, dry matter rumination, neutral detergent fiber rumination, dry matter chewing and neutral detergent fiber chewing, coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets.

¹Ŷ= 19.094968 -0.079424X (R² = 79.81);²Ŷ= 17.365207 + 0.105793X - 0.001381X² (R² = 0.78); ³Ŷ= 9.6224 - 0.0185X (R² = 0.87);⁴Ŷ= 28.331816 - 0.082208X (R² = 95.31); ⁵Ŷ= 47.426778 -0.161632X (R² = 89.49); ^*Dry matter; ^**Neutral detergent fiber.

Table 5. Chewing time per cud (CT cud^-1) expressed in seconds per cud, number of cud chews per cud (NCC cud^-1), number of cud chews per minute (NCC min^-1), number of cud chews per day (NCC day^-1), number of cuds ruminated per day (NCR day^-1), total chewing time (TCT) in hours day^-1, coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets for F1 Holstein x Zebu lactating cows.

¹Ŷ = 57.500600 - 0.076807X (R2 = 78.89); ²Ŷ = 13.507382 +0.056238X-0.001513X² (R² = 99.66).

Table 6 Feeding efficiency of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), rumination efficiency of dry matter, rumination efficiency of NDF expressed in grams hour^-1, milk production corrected for 3.5% fat day^-1 (MPC), coefficient of variation (CV) and respective regression equations (RE) according to levels of replacement of sorghum silage with sun-dried banana peel in the diets.

¹Ŷ= 3158.204192 + 20.730186X (R² = 82.89); ²Ŷ= 1766.458884 - 3.864705X + 0.127238X² (R² = 68.61); ³Ŷ= 2124.313116 + 9.040406X (R² = 87.89).

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Feeding behavior of F1 Holstein x Zebu lactating cows fed increasing levels of banana peel

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: vicente.rocha@unimontes.br