Physicochemical and bioactive properties of <i>Apis</i> and stingless bee (Meliponini) honey from Brazilian Caatinga

Araújo, Filipe Gomes de; Araújo, Nícolas Oliveira de; Oliveira, Victor Rafael Leal de; Leite, Ricardo Henrique de Lima; Santos, Francisco Klebson Gomes dos; Aroucha, Edna Maria Mendes

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.59799

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Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Acta Sci., Anim. Sci. 45 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.59799 copy

Physicochemical and bioactive properties of Apis and stingless bee (Meliponini) honey from Brazilian Caatinga

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

Since the composition of honey varies with the species of bee as well as flowering and geographical aspects, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and bioactive properties of Apisand stingless bees’honey from the Brazilian Caatinga. Samples of different species of Apis mellifera L.Meliponini (Melipona subnitida, Frieseomellita varia, Melipona mandacaia, Plebeia sp.) and Apis mellifera L.werecollected from honey producersin the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Honey from A. mellifera and stingless bees showed physicochemical differences in some parameters, especially in moisture, free acidity, HMF, water activity, sugars and electric conductivity. There were no differences in color between honeys from A. mellifera and stingless bees. Honeys fromPlebeia sp., F. varia and A. mellifera showed higher antioxidant capacity followed by honeys fromM. mandacaia and M. subnitida. Flavonoids had little influence on the differentiation of antioxidant activities of stingless bees, while the opposite occurred with the phenolic content, where honeys with the highest levels of phenolic also showed higher antioxidant capacity.

Keywords:
mellifera L.;hydroxymethylfurfural; flavonoids;meliponines.

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: vrafaeloliveira@uol.com.br

Botanical name	Common name	Type of honey	Geographic Coordinate	Color*
Melipona subnitida	Jandaíra	Heterofloral	05° 39’ 51”S37°47’56”W	Light amber
Melipona mandacaia	Mandaçaia	Heterofloral	05° 47’ 23” S 37°57’18”W	Dark amber
Plebeia sp.	Mosquito	Heterofloral	04° 56’ 52”S37° 7’ 28”W	Amber
Frieseomelitta varia	Moça Branca	Heterofloral	05° 27’ 34”S37°31’16”W	Amber
Apis mellifera L.	Europeanbee	Heterofloral	05° 39’ 51”S 37°47’56”W	Dark amber

	M. subnitida (n= 18)	M. mandacaia (n= 9)	Plebeia sp. (n=3)	F. varia (n=3)	A. mellifera (n= 12)
Color	0.26±0.08^a	1.04±0.84^a	0.86±0.07^a	0.91±0.15^a	1.41±1.15^a
Moisture content (%)	26.02±1.2^a	26.04±0.7^a	26.00±0.1^a	23.20±0.1^b	17.60±0.7^c
Acidity (mEqkg^-1)	30.1±12.7^b	81.8±18.0^a	114.2±0.5^a	113.3±1.3^a	42.1±18.2^b
HMF (mgkg^-1)	30.9±25.5^b	21.0±16.1^b	12.0±1.0^b	18.1±0.6^b	57.6±13.2^a
Reducing sugars (%)	67.0±5.8^a	67.6±4.5^a	42.0±0.6^b	51.1±1.0^b	72.8±5.9^a
Sucrose (%)	6.5±3.4^a	3.1±2.5^ab	2.1±1.0 ^ab	1.4±0.5^b	4.8±1.1^ab
Ash (%)	0.23±0.2^c	0.54±0.21^ab	0.44±0.01^abc	0.63±0.04^a	0.28±0.13^bc
EC (µScm^-1)	297.8±110.1^d	1206.3±138.4^c	2445.0±7.1^a	1443.0±15.6^b	469.0±81.9^d

Properties	M. subnitida	M. mandacaia	Plebeia sp.	F. varia	A. mellifera
Properties	(n=18)	(n=9)	(n=3)	(n=3)	(n=12)
Antioxidant content (mg EQ 100 g^-1)	6.2±2.0^c	9.1±4.5^bc	14.5±1.2^b	24.5±0.5^a	10.7±4.6^b
Antioxidant content (mg EAA 100 g^-1)	9.5±3.0^c	13.9±6.8^bc	22.2±1.9^b	37.5±0.8^a	16.3±7.1^b