Genetic divergence of cassava genotypes from Petrolina

This study aimed to evaluate cassava genotypes to identify the ones with the best nutritional values for ruminant diets. Nine genotypes were used: Amansa Burro (BGM 549), Aramaris (BGM 116), Brasília, Cambadinha (BRS Guaíra), Curvelinha, Engana Ladrão (BGM 1269), Trouxinha (BGM 1468), BRS Gema de Ovo, and BRS Dourada. A completely randomized block experimental design with nine treatments (genotypes) and three blocks (replicates) were employed. The roots were analyzed for dry matter production (DMP) in tonnes per hectare, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), starch, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The multivariate analysis was carried out using Ward’s hierarchical agglomerative clustering based on Mahalanobis distance. The groups formed were evaluated by Scott-Knott test. The group formed by genotype Engana Ladrão was chosen as the best one for having the highest DMP t ha^-1 and IVDMD values and the lowest NDF and ADF contents.

Keywords:
genetic dissimilarity; Manihot esculenta; Ward’s method

Authorship

André Luiz Pinto dos Santos ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: andredefensor@hotmail.com

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoBrazilRecife, Pernambuco, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-2102

Guilherme Rocha Moreira

Diego Alves Gomes

Marcela Portela Santos de Figueiredo

Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da Costa

Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilAreia, Paraíba, BrazilCentro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.

Moacyr Cunha Filho

Eloísa de Oliveira Simões Saliba

Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilEscola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Cristiane Rocha Albuquerque

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: andredefensor@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (6)

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Figure 1
Dendogram of genetic dissimilarity of cassava genotypes.

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Table 1
Main characteristics and use of the studied cassava genotypes.

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Table 2
Meteorological data for the period under study (part 1).

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Table 3
Meteorological data for the period under study (part 2).

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Table 4
Mahalanobis distance matrix of the original data for the 9 genotypes of Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina, Pernambuco State.

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Table 5
Root production in tons of dry matter per hectare (PMS), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), starch and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the groups formed.

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Table 6
Correlation between in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) with starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (FDA).

Figure 1 Dendogram of genetic dissimilarity of cassava genotypes.

Table 1 Main characteristics and use of the studied cassava genotypes.

Genotypes	Characteristic Main	Use
Amansa Burro	Adapted to the semiarid; leaf retention in the dry season.	industrialist
Aramaris	Resistance to root rot.	industrialist
Brasília	Adapted to the semi-arid altitude; high content of starch and thin film.	industrialist
BRS Guaíra	Adapted to the semi-arid altitude; high content of starch and thin film.	industrialist
Curvelinha	Resistance to bursting; late harvest.	industrialist
Engana Ladrão	Adapted to the semiarid; leaf retention in the dry season.	industrialist
Trouxinha	Adapted to the semiarid; leaf retention in the dry season.	industrialist
BRS Gema de Ovo	Precocious; rich in pro-vitamin A (4mg g^-1 beta-carotene).	Table
BRS Dourada	Precocious; rich in pro-vitamin A (4 mg g^-1 beta-carotene).	Table

Source: Araujo and Almeida (2013Araujo, J. C., & Almeida, C. O. (2013). Inventário de variedades de mandioca lançadas pela Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura no período de 1996 a 2009 (Circular Técnica, 107). Cruz das Almas, BA: Embrapa. Retrieved from https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/119005/1/CircularTecnica-107.pdf
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/... ).

Table 2 Meteorological data for the period under study (part 1).

Month/year	Precipitation (mm)	Average global solar radiation (ly day^-1)	Average heat stroke (hours)	Average temperature (°C)
may/06	3,5	269,4	5,4	24,1
jun/06	7,6	238,5	3,4	22,5
jul/06	7,2	268,6	5,6	22,4
aug/06	0,2	351,1	8,1	23,7
sep/06	8	413	8,7	25,9
oct/06	2,9	402,3	7,9	27,8
nov/06	74,9	474,8	8	27
dec/06	14,2	477,9	7,9	28,2
jan/07	35,6	482,9	8,1	28,4
feb/07	145,9	403	5,2	25,8
mar/07	4	404,3	7	26,6
apr/07	12,2	415,2	7,2	26,9
may/07	9,2	339,5	5,7	26
jun/07	0,5	369,2	6,1	24,8
jul/07	9,2	395,1	6,3	24,1
aug/07	1,6	436,9	6,7	24,4
sep/07	1,6	478,1	7,7	25,8
oct/07	0	525,6	7,6	27,4
Average	18,79	396,97	6,81	25,66
Sum	338,3	7145,4	122,6	461,8

Table 3 Meteorological data for the period under study (part 2).

Month/year	Minimum temperature (°C)	Maximum temperature (°C)	ur (%)	Average evaporation (mm)
may/06	x	30,9	74	5
jun/06	x	29,1	76	4,8
jul/06	x	29,7	69	6,3
aug/06	x	31,5	60	9
sep/06	x	33,3	56	9,1
oct/06	22,3	34,4	56	8,8
nov/06	21,8	33,5	70	8,1
dec/06	22,8	35,2	56	9,3
jan/07	23,1	35,4	55	9,1
feb/07	22,2	31,2	76	5,7
mar/07	21,6	32,4	73	7,3
apr/07	21,6	33,8	60	7,2
may/07	21,3	32,1	63	6,9
jun/07	19,4	31,1	61	7,2
jul/07	19,1	30,6	63	7,1
aug/07	18,5	31,3	55	8,2
sep/07	19,8	32,5	51	10
oct/07	21,3	34,2	49	11
Average	21,14	32,34	62,39	7,78
Sum	274,8	582,2	1123	140,1

Table 4 Mahalanobis distance matrix of the original data for the 9 genotypes of Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina, Pernambuco State.

Genotypes	Aramaris	Brasília	Guaíra	Curvelinha	Dourado	E.L.^*	Gema	Trouxinha	A.B.^*
Aramaris	0.00
Brasília	10.42	0.00
Guaíra	11.89	4.02	0.00
Curvelinha	5.66	6.52	7.22	0.00
Dourado	8.46	18.62	19.63	13.17	0.00
Engana L.	9.28	7.83	7.01	4.64	15.24	0.00
Gema	3.97	8.01	10.08	5.77	11.49	8.93	0.00
Trouxinha	8.61	6.38	4.99	3.68	15.54	3.37	8.18	0.00
Amansa B.	8.14	7.08	9.33	7.10	16.03	10.76	6.40	9.19	0.00

*E:L: Engana Ladrão; A.B.: Amansa Burro.

Table 5 Root production in tons of dry matter per hectare (PMS), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), starch and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the groups formed.

Items	Clusters						*CV%
Items	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
Genotypes	Gema de Ovo	Dourado	Engana Ladrão	Guaíra e Trouxinha	Amansa Burro	Brasília, Aramaris e Curvelinha
Variables	Cluster average
PMS t ha^-1	2,0 C	2,4 C	7,5 A	4,2 B	1,8 C	3,2 C	33,77
PB %	4,7	4,9	4,6	4,7	2,2	2,94	29,97
FDN %	17,3 A	17,2 A	11,4 C	10,5 C	14,9 B	14,1 B	13,63
FDA %	6,8 B	7,7 A	5,8 C	4,7 C	7,9 A	6,0 C	11,57
Amido %	85,0 B	73,5 C	85,9 B	89,1 A	88,8 A	86,1 B	4,05
DIVMS %	90,6 C	90,1 C	94,1 A	93,2 A	86,9 D	91,6 B	1,31

Averages followed by distinct letters on the line represent difference by the Scott and Knott (1974Scott, A. J., & Knott, M. A. (1974). A cluster analysis method for grouping means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics, 30(3), 507-512. DOI:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2529204.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2529204.... ) test (p < 0,05). *Coefficient of variation (CV).

Table 6 Correlation between in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) with starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (FDA).

Variable	STARCH	FDN	FDA
DIVMS	Ns	-0.55**	-0.77**

Ns = Not significant; **(p < 0,01).

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Genetic divergence of cassava genotypes from Petrolina

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: andredefensor@hotmail.com