Feeding Nile tilapia with artificial diets and dried bioflocs biomass

The effects of supplying dried bioflocs biomass to Nile tilapia juveniles were investigated in the present work. Fish were stocked in experimental rearing tanks for eight weeks. Selected variables of water quality, growth performance and effluent quality were evaluated. Fish were given different combinations of artificial diets and biofloc biomass, in wet (in natura) or dry form. As the supply of artificial diet decreased, the allowance of biofloc biomass increased in the same proportion. Biofloc biomass was produced in two 500-L tanks that received daily applications of dry molasses to adjust the C: N ratio of the water to 15: 1. The concentration of nitrite in water was only reduced in the tanks receiving wet bioflocs. The fish growth performance was poorer in the tanks that received dried biofloc biomass than in the tanks with wet biofloc biomass. Given the lack of positive results, there is no justification to dry the biofloc biomass aiming at delivering it as a dry biomass to reared fish.

Keywords:
aquaculture; Oreochromis; water quality

Authorship

Nayara Nunes Caldini

Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia Aquícola, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Universidade Federal do CearáBrazilFortaleza, Ceará, BrazilLaboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia Aquícola, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Davi de Holanda Cavalcante

Pedro Roberto Nogueira Rocha Filho

Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e Sá ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail:marcelo.sa@ufc.br

*Author for correspondence. E-mail:marcelo.sa@ufc.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Concentration of nitrite in tanks stocked with Nile tilapia juveniles over time. Fish were maintained for eight weeks in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of artificial feed and dried and wet bioflocs biomass, as a food supplement (mean ± S.D; n = 5). 100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. Means followed by distinct letters represent treatments significantly different from each other by Tukey's test (ANOVA p <0.05).

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Figure 2
Concentrations of nitrate in tanks stocked with Nile tilapia juveniles over time. Fish were maintained for eight weeks in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of artificial feed and dried and wet bioflocs biomass, as a food supplement (mean ± S.D; n = 5). 100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. Means followed by distinct letters represent treatments significantly different from each other by Tukey's test (ANOVA p < 0.05).

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Figure 3
Final body weight of Nile tilapia juveniles after eight rearing weeks. Fish were maintained in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of artificial feed and dried and wet bioflocs biomass, as a food supplement (mean ± S.D; n = 5). 100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. Columns with distinct letters represent significantly different means by Tukey's test (P < 0.05).

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Table 1
Proportions of artificial feed and biofloc biomass supplied daily to fish.

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Table 2
Water quality of indoor tanks stocked with Nile tilapia (2.18 ± 0.06 g). The juveniles fed different proportions of commercial fish feed and bioflocs biomass, wet and dry (mean ± S.D.; n = 5).

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Table 3
Performance of Nile tilapia juveniles (initial body weight = 2.18 ± 0.06 g) maintained for eight weeks in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of commercial feed and wet or dried bioflocs biomass (mean ± S.D.; n = 5).

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Table 4
Quality of effluents from Nile tilapia tanks. Juveniles fed different proportions of commercial feed and wet or dried bioflocs biomass for eight rearing weeks (mean ± S.D.; n = 5).

Figure 1 Concentration of nitrite in tanks stocked with Nile tilapia juveniles over time. Fish were maintained for eight weeks in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of artificial feed and dried and wet bioflocs biomass, as a food supplement (mean ± S.D; n = 5). 100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. Means followed by distinct letters represent treatments significantly different from each other by Tukey's test (ANOVA p <0.05).

Figure 2 Concentrations of nitrate in tanks stocked with Nile tilapia juveniles over time. Fish were maintained for eight weeks in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of artificial feed and dried and wet bioflocs biomass, as a food supplement (mean ± S.D; n = 5). 100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. Means followed by distinct letters represent treatments significantly different from each other by Tukey's test (ANOVA p < 0.05).

Figure 3 Final body weight of Nile tilapia juveniles after eight rearing weeks. Fish were maintained in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of artificial feed and dried and wet bioflocs biomass, as a food supplement (mean ± S.D; n = 5). 100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. Columns with distinct letters represent significantly different means by Tukey's test (P < 0.05).

Table 1 Proportions of artificial feed and biofloc biomass supplied daily to fish.

Treatment	Artificial feed (%)	Bioflocs (%)
1	100	0
2	75	25^*
3	75	25^**
4	50	50^*
5	50	50^**
6	75	0
7	50	0

^*
Wet bioflocs; ^** Dry bioflocs.

Table 2 Water quality of indoor tanks stocked with Nile tilapia (2.18 ± 0.06 g). The juveniles fed different proportions of commercial fish feed and bioflocs biomass, wet and dry (mean ± S.D.; n = 5).

¹
DO₂: dissolved oxygen; Tot alk: total alkalinity; Tot hard: total hardness; EC: Electrical conductivity; TAN: total ammonia nitrogen; P- reat: reactive phosphorus; Org mat: organic matter; ²100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. ³Non-significant (ANOVA p > 0.05). ⁴For each variable, distinct letters in the same row indicate significant differences between the means by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Performance of Nile tilapia juveniles (initial body weight = 2.18 ± 0.06 g) maintained for eight weeks in 100-L indoor tanks and fed different proportions of commercial feed and wet or dried bioflocs biomass (mean ± S.D.; n = 5).

¹
SGR: specific growth rate = [(ln final body weight - ln initial body weight)/ rearing days] x 100; FCR: feed conversion ratio = artificial diet allowed (g)/ fish weight gain (g); PER: protein efficiency ratio = fish weight gain (g)/artificial protein allowance (g). ²100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. ³For each variable, distinct letters in the same row indicate significantly different means by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Table 4 Quality of effluents from Nile tilapia tanks. Juveniles fed different proportions of commercial feed and wet or dried bioflocs biomass for eight rearing weeks (mean ± S.D.; n = 5).

¹
DO2: dissolved oxygen; TAN: total ammonia nitrogen; Org mat: organic matter; ²100R: 100% artificial diet; 75R+ 25WBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% wet bioflocs; 75R+25DBF: 75% artificial diet + 25% dried bioflocs; 50R+50WBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% wet bioflocs; 50R+50DBF: 50% artificial diet + 50% dried bioflocs; 75R: 75% of the amount supplied at 100R; 50R: 50% of the amount supplied at 100R. ³For each variable, distinct letters in the same row indicate significantly different means by Tukey's test (p < 0.05); ⁴Non-significant (ANOVA p > 0.05).

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail:marcelo.sa@ufc.br