Biological performance and carcass yield of yearling Gumuz sheep under graded level concentrate supplementation in Ethiopia

Tarekegn, Alemu; Adane, Kifetew; Amsalu, Desalegn; Wolelaw, Yohanes; Tarekegn, Ewnetu

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.61428

ABSTRACT.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of graded levels of concentrate on feed intake, biological performance and carcass characteristics of yearling Gumuz sheep. The sheep were purchased and treated against endo- and ecto- parasites before commencing the study. The experimental animals were offered natural grass hay as a basal ration. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications. Treatment feeds were arranged in the same amount of wheat bran but in different levels of sesame seed cake which comprises: 150 g wheat bran + 0 g sesame seed cake DM day^-1 (T1), 150 g wheat bran + 250 g sesame seed cake DM day^-1 (T2), 150 g wheat bran + 350 g sesame seed cake DM day^-1 (T3) and 150 g wheat bran + 450 g sesame seed cake DM day^-1 (T4). The experiment was conducted for 90 days after 15 days of adaptation period to the experimental feeds and conditions, which were then followed by carcass evaluation at the end. Sheep in T2 and T4 achieved higher total DM intake (1004.03-1072.57 g day^-1) than T1 and T3. Sheep fed on graded-level sesame cake supplements (T2, T3 and T4) recorded significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) than the control (T1) and resulted in higher feed conversion efficiency (FCE). As a result of better slaughter weight (SW) achieved significant hot carcass weight (HCW) was recorded in sheep at T3 and T4. Among the concentrate levels, T2, T3 and T4 were found optimum in improving carcass yield and major meat quality attributes. Sheep supplemented with T3 had the highest net return (26.66 USD) and highest marginal rate of revenue (MRR) (6.53) compared to the other high-level sesame cake-supplemented groups. Thus, it is recommended that the supplementation of hay with high-level sesame cake supplement (T3) is biologically efficient and potentially profitable in the feeding of growing Gumuz sheep.

Keywords:
carcass yield; gumuz sheep; natural grass hay; sesame seed cake; wheat bran

[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: mefetehiealemu@gmail.com

Parameters	Treatments				SL
Parameters	T1	T2	T3	T4	SL
Dry matter intake
Hay DM intake (g day^-1)	607.60^a	604.00^a	451.40^b	472.60^b	*
Supplement DM intake (g day^-1)	150.00^d	400.00^c	500.00^b	600.00^a	***
Total DM intake (g day^-1)	757.64^c	1004.03^ab	951.39^b	1072.57^a	*
DM intake (% BW)	3.17^b	3.50^ab	3.23^b	3.74^a	*
DMI (per kg W^0.75) (g day^-1)	46.83	38.59	30.1	35.85	ns

Parameters	Treatments				SL
Parameters	T1	T2	T3	T4	SL
Initial BW (kg)	20.17	20.00	20.17	19.67	ns
Final BW (kg)	24.12^b	28.63^a	29.43^a	29.07^a	**
Net gain (kg)	3.95^b	8.63^a	9.27^a	9.40^a	**
ADG (g d^-1)	43.89^b	95.93^a	102.96^a	104.45^a	**
FCE	0.06^b	0.10^a	0.11^a	0.10^a	*

Carcass parameters	Treatments				SL
Carcass parameters	T1	T2	T3	T4	SL
No. of animals slaughtered	6	6	6	6
Slaughter BW (kg)	24.12^b	28.63^a	29.43^a	29.07^a	**
Empty BW (kg)	11.08^c	12.95^b	15.00^a	14.90^a	**
Hot carcass weight (kg)	9.30^c	11.05^bc	12.98^a	12.60^ab	**
Dressing percentage (%)
Slaughter BW base	38.58	38.28	44.17	43.51	ns
Empty BW base	83.83	84.97	86.65	84.77	ns
Fat thickness (mm)	2.58^b	5.67^a	7.17^a	5.50^a	*
Rib-eye muscle area (cm²)	6.95^b	9.02^ab	10.97^a	11.18^a	**

Main carcass components	Treatments				SL
Main carcass components	T1	T2	T3	T4	SL
Fore- quarter	1792.00^c	2145.30^b	2719.40^a	2452.40^ab	***
Neck region	796.40	603.50	927.00	908.50	ns
Sternum (Brisket)	283.22^c	366.32^bc	486.38^a	443.5^ab	**
Thoracic and lumbar region	301.02^b	481.63^a	560.35^a	565.02^a	**
Rib-eye muscle	484.42^c	715.67^b	905.88^a	780.38^ab	**
Abdominal muscle	443.03^b	636.27^a	774.47^a	617.35^ab	*
Hindquarter	2045.10^b	2637.20^a	2978.80^a	2885.40^a	**
Pelvic (Rump) region	854.60^b	1129.50^a	1299.10^a	1273.00^a	*
Tail fat weight	92.53^b	187.05^ab	253.20^a	164.62^ab	*
Ribs	535.68^b	692.47^a	794.97^a	746.88^a	**
TMCC (Kg)	7.62^c	9.59^b	11.70^a	10.83^ab	***

Edible offals	Treatments				SL
Edible offals	T1	T2	T3	T4	SL
Blood	870.30	1040.97	1080.73	988.35	ns
Heart	105.17	138.77	168.50	154.55	ns
Liver	321.97^b	462.87^ab	543.73^a	502.97^a	*
Kidney	83.67	90.65	125.52	121.52	ns
Tongue	88.48^bc	107.47^ab	130.93^a	76.15^c	*
Reticulo-rumen	522.28^b	640.58^a	697.20^a	641.12^a	*
Omaso-abomasum	239.20	284.98	302.62	330.17	ns
Hind gut	732.18^c	920.77^ab	973.45^a	785.67^bc	*
Testicle	231.62	296.22	288.98	308.22	ns
Kidney fat	30.00^b	88.80^b	184.37^a	202.60^a	**
Pelvic fat	32.43	44.67	54.55	95.07	ns
Pancreas (g)	118.97	144.82	146.42	134.33	ns
Omental and mesenteric fat(g)	44.27^b	153.28^b	343.73^a	357.32^a	**
Total edible offals (kg)	3.12^b	4.12^a	4.74^a	4.38^a	**
Total usable product (kg)	14.57	16.07	16.09	16.49	ns
Total usable product (% SW)	61.10	55.93	54.74	57.22	ns

Brasil

Brasil

Biological performance and carcass yield of yearling Gumuz sheep under graded level concentrate supplementation in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT.

Non-edible offal	Treatments				SL
Non-edible offal	T1	T2	T3	T4	SL
Head without a tongue (kg)	1357.32^b	1468.47^a	1661.62^a	1628.30^a	*
Skin (kg)	1.75^b	2.42^a	2.71^a	2.62^a	**
Penis (g)	51.17	83.87	70.07	116.22	ns
Feet (g)	515.55	650.85	704.98	622.68	ns
Lung with the trachea (g)	542.50	559.50	538.70	541.80	ns
Esophagus (g)	542.50	559.50	538.70	541.80	ns
Spleen (g)	92.30	144.82	146.42	134.33	ns
Gall bladder with bile (g)	17.07	67.68	57.05	58.63	ns
Bladder (g)	35.43	22.72	38.08	68.12	ns
Total non-edible offals (kg)	4.58^b	5.79^a	6.30^a	6.17^a	**
Gut content (kg)	5.29^ab	5.90^a	3.94^c	4.14^bc	*

Variables	Treatments
Variables	T1	T2	T3	T4
Number of animals	6	6	6	6
Purchase price of sheep (USD head^-1)	39.58	39.58	39.58	39.58
Total feed consumed (kg head^-1)	68.19	90.37	85.63	96.53
Total variable cost (USD)	5.24	8.56	8.59	10.11
Gross income (USD)	49.66	66.36	74.82	73.31
Total return (USD)	10.09	26.78	35.35	33.73
Net return (USD)	4.84	18.22	26.66	23.62
Δ TVC	-	3.32	3.34	4.87
ΔNI	-	13.38	21.82	18.78
MRR (ratio)	-	4.03	6.53	3.86