In vitro methane production from silages based on Cenchrus purpureus mixed with Tithonia diversifolia in different proportions

González, María Alexandra Huertas; Mogollón, Olga Lucía Mayorga; Saavedra, Yuri Marcela García; Castaño, Vilma Amparo Holguín; Mora-Delgado, Jairo

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.51322

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Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Acta Sci., Anim. Sci. 43 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.51322 copy

In vitro methane production from silages based on Cenchrus purpureus mixed with Tithonia diversifolia in different proportions

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT. Climate change (CC) affects food production, mainly those based on livestock systems. Producers must identify adaptation strategies to ensure the production, during periods of drought, and lack of forage. Besides contributing to CC, high emissions of ruminal methane (CH₄) are energy loss potentially usable for livestock production. The objective was to estimate in vitro ruminal gas production (RGP) and determine the CH₄ emissions from silages. Treatments were made with forage of Cenchrus purpureus mixed with Tithonia diversifolia T1= C.purpureus at 100%; T2= C.purpureus/ T.diversifolia in 33/67 percent ratio; T3= C.purpureus/ T.diversifolia 67/33; and T4= T.diversifolia at 100%. Samples of silages were analyzed, and they were inoculated with strains of Lactobacillus paracasei (T735); then they were fermented in vacuum-sealed bags for 67 days. RGP and CH4 were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 hours. Additionally, modeling of CH4 production kinetics was conducted, using different equations. The results indicate that the highest cumulative CH4 production was for T1. This kinetics was represented using the Gompertz model. In conclusion, the inclusion of T.diversifolia to C.purpureus silages contributes to the decrease of methane at the ruminal level, which constitutes an adaptation practice at climate change.

Keywords:
digestibility; greenhouse gasses; small ruminants; silvi-pastures

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: mahuertasg@ut.edu.co

Model	Equation	Parameter
Gompertz (1825)	$Y = α * e x p (- β * e x p (- γ * t))$	Y, the accumulated gas production (mL g^-1 DM incubated)
		α, the fermentation potential of the treatment under incubation conditions (asymptote of the curve, mL g^-1 MS incubated)
		β, the specific gas accumulation rate (mL h^-1)
		γ, latency or delay phase (h)
		t, the incubation time (hours)
Richards	$Y = α * (1 + β * e x p (- γ * t)^(1 / 1 - δ)$	Y, the gas produced at time t
		α, the maximum asymptotic growth this is when “t” tends to infinity
		γ, the curvature parameter that expresses how fast it reaches maximum growth (rate)
		β, an adjustment parameter that depends on the initial condition at t = 0
		δ, the parameter of allometry
		The positive sign is used when M > 0 and the negative sign when 0 <M <1
Mitscherlich (Monomolecular)	$Y = α * (1 - β * e x p (- γ * t))$	Y, the gas production of the DM at a time ‘t’
		α, the production of gases at 0 hours
		β, accumulated gas production at time ‘t’
		γ, gas production rate
		t, the incubation time (hours)
Logistic	$Y = α / (1 + β * e x p (- γ * t))$	Y, the gas production of the DM at a time ‘t’
		α, the volume of gas corresponding to complete digestion (asymptote)
		β, gas production rate
		γ, delay time at the start of gas production (h)
		t, regressive variable (h)

		T1		T2		T3		T4
		Cenchrus purpureus (100%)		Cenchrus purpureus/ Tithonia diversifolia (33%/67%)		Cenchrus purpureus/Tithonia diversifolia (67%/33%)		Tithonia diversifolia (100%)
Variable		Mean	S.E	Mean	S.E.	Mean	S.E.	Mean	S.E.
DM	%	17,68 a	0,11	27,2 c	0,46	22,56 b	0,44	30,07 c	1,42
CP	%	4,81 a	0,16	12,73 c	1,99	6,88 ab	0,09	9,36 bc	0,18
NDF	%	64,06 c	0,64	50,02 a	0,58	54,79 b	0,37	49,17 a	0,68
ADF	%	50,4 c	0,63	41,77 b	0,63	48,95 c	0,78	38,17 a	0,63
Ash	%	16,35 c	0,34	11,45 a	0,16	13,49 b	0,38	10,56 a	0,29
Lignin	%	1,09 c	0,27	2,09 a	0,42	4,69 a	0,29	10,14 a	0,51

		T1		T2		T3		T4
		Cenchrus purpureus (100%)		Cenchrus purpureus/ Tithonia diversifolia (33%/67%)		Cenchrus purpureus/ Tithonia diversifolia (67%/33%)		>Tithonia diversifolia (100%)
Variable		Mean	S.E	Mean	S.E.	Mean	S.E.	Mean	S.E.
IVDDM	%	46,16 a	3,84	49,51 a	0,78	49,85 a	1,31	51,15 a

Treatments	Times (Hour)
Treatments	2	4	8	12	18	24	30	36	48
1	12,44 ± 10,57 mnop	32,31 ± 11,14 lmn	70,36 ± 12,1 ijk	104,91 ± 11,24 fgh	134,19 ± 10,52 bcde	146 ± 9,57 abc	151,76 ±7,89 ab	156,96 ± 7,56 a	158,56 ± 8,59 a
2	0,26 ± 8,19 p	5,23 ± 8,63 nop	24,81 ± 9,37 mno	51,79 ± 8,7 jkl	93,33 ± 8,15 hi	120,3 ± 7,41 defg	134,11 ± 6,11 bcde	142,38 ± 5,86 abc	150,89 ± 6,66 ab
3	2,13 ± 6,92 op	9,31 ±7,29 nop	33,71 ± 7,92 lm	71,61 ± 7,36 ij	106,55 ± 6,88 fgh	125,83 ± 6,27 cdef	139,55 ± 5,17 abc	150,45 ± 4,95 ab	158,37 ± 5,7 a
4	7,14 ± 10,57 nop	17,82 ± 11,14 mnop	41,07 ± 12,1 klm	64,75 ± 11,24 jk	95,04 ± 10,52 ghi	111,92 ± 9,57 efgh	124,08 ± 7,89 cdef	131,81 ± 7,56 bcde	137,03 ± 8,59 abcd

Treatments	Times (Hour)
Treatments	2	4	8	12	18	24	30	36	48
1	68,02 ± 9,13 nop	95,33 ± 10,39 n	152,88 ± 13,68 kl	206,31 ± 20,47 hij	262,08 ± 19,92 defg	312,77 ± 25,96 abcde	329,33 ± 25,43 abc	346,79 ± 19,84 ab	346,79 ± 21,53 ab
2	21,14 ±7,07 rst	46,74 ± 8,05 opq	60,09 ± 10,59 op	100,77 ± 15,85 nm	158 ± 15,43 jkl	193,7 ± 20,11 ijk	228,59 ± 19,7 fghi	264,69 ± 15,37 def	283,35 ± 16,68 cde
3	5,57 ± 7,9 t	26,45 ± 9 qrs	61,98 ± 11,84 nop	136,17 ± 17,73 lm	212,06 ± 17,25 ghi	254,89 ± 22,48 efgh	316,14 ± 22,03 abcd	353,33 ± 17,18 ab	363,29 ± 18,65 a
4	5,58 ± 7,07 st	18,8 ± 8,05 st	41,59 ± 10,59 pqr	80,55 ± 15,85 no	158,52 ± 15,43 jkl	228,6 ± 20,11 fghi	270,87 ± 19,7 cdef	310,6 ± 15,37 bcde	330,84 ± 16,68 ab

Model	Equation	MSE	AIC	BIC
Gompertz (1825)	$Y = 311,97 * e x p (- 2,85 * \exp (- 0,08 * t))$	417,57	404,15	411,38
Richards	$Y = 311,97 * (1 - 0,34 * e x p (- 0,07 * t)^(\frac{1}{1} - 7,12)$	428,15	406,19	415,23
Mitscherlich	$Y = 426,94 * (1 - 1,01 * \exp (- 0,03 * t))$	406,90	408,59	415,82
Logistic	$Y = 289,5 (1 + 9,36 * \exp (- 1,40 * t))$	453,35	407,85	415,08