Adaptation and indication of forage crops for agricultural production in sandy soils in western Bahia State, Brazil

Simeão, Rosangela Maria; Silva, Dagma Dionísia da; Santos, Flávia Cristina dos; Vilela, Lourival; Silveira, Márcia Cristina Teixeira da; Resende, Anna Carolina; Albuquerque, Paulo Emílio Pereira de

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.56144

ABSTRACT.

The diversity of soils and climate in Brazil imposes the need to evaluate the adaptation of fodder species to soil and climate conditions to guide producers and technicians in choosing the best alternatives for their region. The objective of this study was to evaluate and identify fodder cultivars for pasture and soil cover with tolerance to drought and high production in the sandy soils of southern Bahia, Brazil. The performance of 29 commercial cultivars of perennial and annual tropical forage species was evaluated in six cuts in 2019 and 2020. The green and dry mass yield per cut and the daily dry matter accumulation rate were evaluated considering the periods of water surplus and deficit and the drought tolerance index for each cultivar was estimated. Grass and legume cultivars showed differences in establishment, yield in the water surplus, and in the re-establishment after the water deficit. Based on the values of the drought tolerance index and in the dry mass daily yields before and after the water deficit, the cultivars adapted and indicated for regional continuous grazing were Xaraés, Marandu, Massai, Tanzânia, Paiaguás, and Zuri, in that order. The grasses B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens were indicated for use as cover plants after the harvest due to their high capacity of establishment and short-term production. The annual and perennial legume plants were also indicated for cover, and the combination of cultivars and their potential for straw in direct planting or use in integrated systems still need to be validated.

Keywords:
grasses; legume; tropical fodder; drought tolerance; sandy soils

[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: rosangela.simeao@embrapa.br

	DMY					DSI	DMY-RM
	Cut 1	Cut 3	Cut 4	Cut 5	Cut 6
Source of variation	MS	MS	MS	MS	MS	MS	MS
Cuts	-	-	-	-	-	-	136.0**
Treatment	40.7**	40.1**	55.4**	91.1**	43.0**	727.7**	47.6**
Residue	10.3	16.7	7.8	8.4	7.3	306.2	17.9
CVe (%)	83.3	36.2	63.7	25.4	32.2	31.1	45.9

	Cut 1	Cut 3	Cut 4	Cut 5	Cut 6
cv. Caqui	15.36 c	132 abc	45 b	314 a	168 a
cv. Mandarim	22.31 c	168 a	112 a	195 b	153 a
cv. Campo Grande	-	101.55 cd	44 bc	357 a	-
cv. Basilisk	133.05 a	111 abcd	20 bcd	153 bcdef	45 c
B. ruziziensis	156.69 a	76 cd	12 d	159 bcd	54 bc
cv. Xaraés	76.69 b	97 cd	25 bcd	180 bc	76 bc
cv. Marandu	34.81 bc	162 ab	23 bcd	133 cdefg	70 bc
cv. Piatã	58.47 bc	109 bcd	25 bcd	155 bcde	60 bc
cv. Massai	18.05 c	102 cd	25 bcd	140 cdefg	80 b
cv. Tanzania	42.86 bc	101 cd	20 bcd	123 defg	76 b
cv. Paiaguás	33.54 bc	113 abcd	21 bcd	105 dfg	73 bc
cv. Tifton85	-	85 cd	18 cd	160 bcd	72 bc
cv. Zuri	59.03 bc	90 cd	20 bcd	100 g	61 bc
cv. Ipyporã	30.94 bc	98 cd	12 d	95 g	63 bc
cv. Mombaça	-	107 bcd	18 cd	104 efg	56 bc
cv. Tamani	-	63 d	19 bcd	103 fg	73 bc
cv. Quênia	-	-	-	94 g	91 b

	DMY total	DMY wet	DMY dry	perDMY dry	perDMY wet	DMY1 daily	DMY3 daily	DMY4 daily	DMY5 daily	DMY6 daily	DSI
DMYwet	0.99
DMYdry	0.81	0.72
perDMY dry	0.88	0.84	0.84
perDMY wet	0.27	0.28	0.17	0.31
DMY1 daily	0.28	0.34	0.01	0.12	0.03
DMY3 daily	0.54	0.59	0.23	0.56	0.29	0.43
DMY4 daily	0.74	0.68	0.82	0.86	0.26	0.19	0.61
DMY5 daily	0.32	0.38	0.00	0.33	0.20	0.33	0.60	0.36
DMY6 daily	0.20	0.24	-0.02	0.25	0.21	0.06	0.53	0.34	0.47
DSI	0.79	0.70	0.96	0.90	0.23	0.01	0.36	0.89	0.12	0.10
DSIdaily	0.69	0.59	0.98	0.98	0.16	-0.06	0.16	0.82	-0.03	-0.02	0.96

Brasil

Brasil

Adaptation and indication of forage crops for agricultural production in sandy soils in western Bahia State, Brazil

ABSTRACT.