Pyruvate supplementation in cotton under water restriction varying the phenological phases

Dias, Mirandy dos Santos; Fernandes, Pedro Dantas; Silva, Francisco de Assis da; Marcelino, Aline Dayanna Alves de Lima; Barbosa, Daniela Duarte; Santos, Roseane Cavalcanti dos; Reis, Lígia Sampaio; Lima, Vera Lucia Antunes de

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61973

ABSTRACT.

Cotton is one of the largest agricultural commodities that generate various sources of foreign exchange and employment worldwide. However, water deficiency is an environmental factor that limits the production of this crop, especially in semi-arid regions. We evaluated pyruvate supplementation to mitigate the effects of water stress on colored cotton. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. We studied two forms of pyruvate supplementation (SP1- via seed and foliar and SP2- only via foliar); three conditions of irrigation management of the plants: water restriction in the vegetative phase (VE), flowering (FL), and vegetative and flowering (VE/FL); and additional treatment (total irrigation throughout the crop cycle and without pyruvate supplementation). The experimental design included a randomized block in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme. The factors resulted in seven treatments with three replications, with a total of 21 experimental units. Gas exchange, enzyme activity, and production of components were evaluated. Water restriction in the vegetative phase does not cause losses in BRS Jade cotton when supplemented with pyruvate. However, in the flowering and vegetative phases plus flowering, it reduces gas exchange and production components and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in relation to plants under full irrigation. Supplementation with pyruvate via seed plus foliar (SP1) was better for BRS Jade cotton grown under water restriction.

Keywords:
Gossypium hirsutum L.; hydric restriction; gas exchange; antioxidant enzymes.

[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: mirandysd@gmail.com

Chemical Attributes		Physical Attributes
Chemical Attributes		Sand	79.14%	Loamy Sand
pH	5.58	Silt	18.29%
P	115 cmol_c dm^-3	Clay	2.67%
K⁺	0.26 cmol_c dm^-3	Soil density	1.54 g cm^-3
Ca⁺²	2.98 cmol_c dm^-3	Particle density	2.71 g cm^-3
Na⁺	1.33 cmol_c dm^-3	Porosity	47.17%
Mg⁺²	1.17 cmol_c dm^-3	Matric potentials (-kPa)	Soil moisture (%)
Al⁺³	0.03 cmol_c dm^-3
H⁺ + Al⁺³	4.74 cmol_c dm^-3
SB	5.74 cmol_c dm^-3	10	14.17
OM	1.62%	33	11.42
CEC	10.48 cmol_c dm^-3	100	9.41
ECEC	5.77 cmol_c dm^-3	500	4.60
V	54.77%	1000	4.56
M	0.55%	1500	4.40
		Available water	10.31

Irrigation management (MI)	Supplementation whit pyruvate
	Seed and foliar		Foliar
	Soil moisture (cm³ cm³)	Matric potential (-kPa)	Soil moisture (cm³ cm³)	Matric potential (-kPa)
VE (25 DAE)	0.054	1330	0.064	930
FL (50 DAE)	0.050	1620	0.050	1620
VE/FL (50 DAE)	0.050	1620	0.051	1550
		Control
	Soil moisture (cm³ cm³)		Matric potential (-kPa)
25 DAE	0.263		34.0
50 DAE	0.259		35.0

Sources of variation	DF	Mean square
		Gas exchange (50 DAE)
		gs	E	Ci	A
Blocks	2	0.0001 ns	0.001 ns	1638.9 ns	0.054 ns
Pyruvate Supplement (SP)	1	0.0005 **	0.001 ns	13014.2 **	2.501 *
Irrigation management (MI)	2	0.0312 **	7.861 **	108251.2 **	340.651 **
SP x MI	2	0.0005 **	0.006 *	11534.1 **	2.680 **
Factorial x additional	1	0.0044 **	3.985 **	58372.5 **	7.281 **
Treatments	6	0.0113 **	3.287 **	51826.2 **	116.074 **
Residue	12	0.00004	0.002	1387.3	0.305
CV (%)	-	11.04	3.51	13.26	11.65
		Antioxidant enzymes (25 and 50 DAE)
		SOD		CAT	APX¹
Blocks	2	0.010 ns		0.0001 ns	0.003 ns
Pyruvate Supplement (SP)	1	1.673 **		0.0001 ns	0.132 **
Irrigation management (MI)	2	17.430 **		0.0510 **	0.002 ns
SP x MI	2	4.196 **		0.0020 **	0.148 **
Factorial x additional	1	5.436 **		0.000 ns	0.457 **
Treatments	6	8.394 **		0.0177 **	0.148 **
Residue	12	0.007		0.0002	0.002
CV (%)	-	4.74		12.55	1.37
		Production components and water productivity (120 DAE)
		NB²	MB²	MC	WP²
Blocks	2	0.359 *	2.147 ns	285.31 *	0.037 *
Pyruvate Supplement (SP)	1	0.259 ns	2.363 *	219.08 ns	0.236 **
Irrigation management (MI)	2	3.893 **	53.13 **	3109.22 **	0.521 **
SP x MI	2	0.260 *	3.366 *	241.06 *	0.018 ns
Factorial x additional	1	1.266 **	19.872 **	563.01 **	0.041 *
Treatments	6	1.639 **	13.949 **	1247.11 **	0.226 **
Residue	12	0.058	0.702	59.34	0.007
CV (%)	-	9.10	12.47	22.91	12.57

Irrigation management (MI)	gs		E		Ci		A
	mol m^-2 s^-1		mmol de H₂O m^-2 s^-1		µmol mol^-1		µmol m^-2 s^-1
	Pyruvate supplementation forms
	SP₁	SP₂	SP₁	SP₂	SP₁	SP₂	SP₁	SP₂
VE	0.12 bA	0.15 aA	2.28 aA	2.26 aA	124.20 aB	171.60 aB	12.06 bA	14.35 aA
FL	0.01 aB	0.01 aB	0.27 aC	0.32 aB	447.33 aA	338.30 bA	0.33 aB	0.23 aB
VE/FL	0.01 aB	0.01 aB	0.36 aB	0.27 bB	416.00 aA	316.33 bA	0.01 aB	0.06 aB
LSD 1	0.01		0.07		66.23		0.933
LSD 2	0.01		0.09		81.07		1.203
Factorial x additional
Factorial	0.05 b		0.96 b		302.33 a		4.507 b
Additional	0.09 a		2.21 a		151.67 b		6.19 a

Irrigation management (MI)	SOD		CAT		APX¹
	U SOD min.^-1 mg^-1 protein		µmol H₂O₂ min.^-1 mg^-1 protein		µmol ASC min.^-1 mg^-1 protein
	Pyruvate supplementation forms
	SP₁	SP₂	SP₁	SP₂	SP₁	SP₂
VE	1.341 aB	0.766 bB	0.003 aC	0.001 aB	3.382 aA	2.854 bB
FL	0.893 aC	0.775 aB	0.182 aA	0.154 bA	3.093 aB	3.167 aA
VE/FL	2.628 bA	5.151 aA	0.132 bB	0.177 aA	3.180 aB	3.118 aA
LSD 1	0.144		0.024		0.074
LSD 2	0.177		0.029		0.091
Factorial x additional
Factorial	1.925 a		0.108 a		3.132 a
Additional	0.471 b		0.109 a		2.711 b

Brasil

Brasil

Pyruvate supplementation in cotton under water restriction varying the phenological phases

ABSTRACT.

Irrigation management (MI)	NB²		MB²		MC
	Pyruvate supplementation forms
	SP₁	SP₂	SP₁	SP₂	SP₁	SP₂
VE	3.39 aA	3.59 aA	9.02 aA	9.46 aA	54.87 aA	60.87 aA
FL	2.44 aB	1.82 bB	6.51 aB	4.01 bB	31.67 aB	11.68 bB
VE/FL	2.21 aB	1.91 aB	4.91 aB	4.38 aB	18.47 aB	12.18 aB
LSD 1	0.431		1.489		13.698
LSD 2	0.527		1.823		16.767
Factorial x additional
Factorial	2.56 b		6.38 b		31.51 b
Additional	3.26 a		8.71 a		46.31 a
Irrigation management (IM)				WP²
VE				0.994 a
FL				0.558 b
VE/FL				0.453 b
LSD				0.311
Supplementation forms
Seed and foliar				0.824 a
Foliar				0.590 b
LSD				0.097
Factorial x additional
Factorial				0.657 b
Additional				0.784 a