Teach the patient about prostate anatomy, RP and the relation between the surgical procedure and the complications – UI and SD.(66. Brito-Brito PR, Oter-Quintana C, Martín-García A, Alcolea-Cosín MT, Martín-Iglesias S, Fernández-Gutiérrez DÁ. Case study: community nursing care plan for an elderly patient with urinary incontinence and social interaction problems after prostatectomy. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2014;25(1):62–5.,1717. Grondhuis Palacios LA, Krouwel EM, Duijn M, den Oudsten BL, den Ouden ME, Putter H, et al. Written information material and availability of sexual health care for men experiencing sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment: an evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2):1–8.,2323. Santos DR, Lima CA, Saldanha EA, Cavalcanti MI, Medeiros AB, Lira AL. [Nursing prostatectomy patients]. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2015;23(4):513-9. Portuguese.,2828. Nicolaisen M, Müller S, Patel HR, Hanssen TA. Quality of life and satisfaction with information after radical prostatectomy, radical external beam radiotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy: a long-term follow-up study. J Clin Nurs. 2014;23(23-24):3403–14.)
|
VI, VII |
Provide information about the treatment, which are appropriate to each patient, considering the cultural level of each and the extent to which the patient wants to be informed.(55. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Schover L, Nielsen L, Zajdlewicz L, Clutton S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a couples-based sexuality intervention for men with localised prostate cancer and their female partners. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):748–56.,1212. Novick BJ, Angie M, Walker E, Kitay R, Monday K, Albert NM. The Effect of Intensive Education On Urinary Incontinence Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized Control Trial. Urol Nurs. 2014;34(5):246–51.,1818. Derogar M, Dahlstrand H, Carlsson S, Bjartell A, Hugosson J, Axén E, Johansson E, Lagerkvist M, Nyberg T, Stranne J, Thorsteinsdottir T, Wallerstedt A, Haglind E, Wiklund P, Steineck G; LAPPRO steering committee. Preparedness for side effects and bother in symptomatic men after radical prostatectomy in a prospective, non-randomized trial, LAPPRO. Acta Oncológica. 2016;55(12):1467–76.,1919. Huang CY, Wang MJ, Lin YH, Chen CI. Depressive Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Prostate Cancer Survivors. Cancer Nurs. 2018;41(1):E1–8.,2222. Allchorne P, Green J. Identifying Unmet Care Needs of Patients with Prostate Cancer To Assist with Their Success in Coping. Urol Nurs. 2016;36(5):224–32.)
|
II, VI |
Promote and moderate support groups for prostatectomized patients in order to share experiences and ways to manage the problem.(1111. Wang C, Song Z, Li S, Tai S. Extended nursing for the recovery of urinary functions and quality of life after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(5):1553–60.,2626. O'Shaughnessy PK, Laws TA, Esterman AJ. The prostate cancer journey: results of an online survey of men and their partners. Cancer Nurs. 2015;38(1):E1–12.)
|
II, VI |
Teach the patient to perform the pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME). Explain that the anal and urethral muscles are used for the exercise and that the buttocks, thighs and abdomen should be relaxed. The patient should see the retraction of the base of the penis and elevation of the testis. Instruct him top ut two fingers in his perineum to feel how it is contracted when performing the exercises. 1st stage: Perform 10 rapid contractions and relaxations, rest for two minutes and repeat. 2nd stage: Repeat the same exercises, but contract firmly for five seconds and relax as slowly as possible, relax for two minutes and repeat. The exercises should be performed in the morning and afternoon, in the following positions: lying down with the legs stretched, lying with the knees bent, standing with the legs spread, standing with the legs together and while walking. Advise him to contract the muscles before and during activities that cause urine leakage, such as coughing and sneezing.(66. Brito-Brito PR, Oter-Quintana C, Martín-García A, Alcolea-Cosín MT, Martín-Iglesias S, Fernández-Gutiérrez DÁ. Case study: community nursing care plan for an elderly patient with urinary incontinence and social interaction problems after prostatectomy. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2014;25(1):62–5.,2121. Zhang AY, Fu AZ. Cost-effectiveness of a behavioral intervention for persistent urinary incontinence in prostate cancer patients. Psychooncology. 2016;25(4):421–7.,2424. Terzoni S, Montanari E, Mora C, Ricci C, Sansotera J, Micali M, et al. Electrical stimulation for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: is it useful when patients cannot learn muscular exercises? Int J Urol Nurs. 2015;9(1):29–35.,2525. Terzoni S, Montanari E, Mora C, Ricci C, Destrebecq A. Developing a rehabilitation programme for male urinary incontinence: detailed schemes and results on 122 patients. Int J Urol Nurs. 2015;9(3):149–55.,2727. Serdà BC, Marcos-Gragera R. Urinary incontinence and prostate cancer: a progressive rehabilitation program design. Rehabil Nurs. 2014;39(6):271–80.)
|
II, VI, VII |
Engage the family and teach them the PFME so that they can encourage the patient to perform them.(1111. Wang C, Song Z, Li S, Tai S. Extended nursing for the recovery of urinary functions and quality of life after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(5):1553–60.)
|
II |
Provide the patient with written material, containing pictures and details about the execution of the PFME.(1111. Wang C, Song Z, Li S, Tai S. Extended nursing for the recovery of urinary functions and quality of life after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(5):1553–60.,2525. Terzoni S, Montanari E, Mora C, Ricci C, Destrebecq A. Developing a rehabilitation programme for male urinary incontinence: detailed schemes and results on 122 patients. Int J Urol Nurs. 2015;9(3):149–55.,2626. O'Shaughnessy PK, Laws TA, Esterman AJ. The prostate cancer journey: results of an online survey of men and their partners. Cancer Nurs. 2015;38(1):E1–12.,2828. Nicolaisen M, Müller S, Patel HR, Hanssen TA. Quality of life and satisfaction with information after radical prostatectomy, radical external beam radiotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy: a long-term follow-up study. J Clin Nurs. 2014;23(23-24):3403–14.)
|
II, VI |
Provide functional electrical stimulation for patients with difficulties to perform the PFME.(2424. Terzoni S, Montanari E, Mora C, Ricci C, Sansotera J, Micali M, et al. Electrical stimulation for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: is it useful when patients cannot learn muscular exercises? Int J Urol Nurs. 2015;9(1):29–35.)
|
VI |
Nursing Interventions for UI
|
NE
|
Explain the transitory nature of UI to the patient and that the achievement of urinary continence is a gradual process.(77. Martín-Ruiz MJ, Escrivá-de-Romaní-Vereterra A. [Treatment in urology nursing consultation of the two most frequent side-effects in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy]. Enfuro. 2014;126(9):30–8. Spanish.,1111. Wang C, Song Z, Li S, Tai S. Extended nursing for the recovery of urinary functions and quality of life after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(5):1553–60.)
|
II, VII |
Present the types of protectors, pads and male diapers available in the market to the patient.(66. Brito-Brito PR, Oter-Quintana C, Martín-García A, Alcolea-Cosín MT, Martín-Iglesias S, Fernández-Gutiérrez DÁ. Case study: community nursing care plan for an elderly patient with urinary incontinence and social interaction problems after prostatectomy. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2014;25(1):62–5.,77. Martín-Ruiz MJ, Escrivá-de-Romaní-Vereterra A. [Treatment in urology nursing consultation of the two most frequent side-effects in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy]. Enfuro. 2014;126(9):30–8. Spanish.,1212. Novick BJ, Angie M, Walker E, Kitay R, Monday K, Albert NM. The Effect of Intensive Education On Urinary Incontinence Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized Control Trial. Urol Nurs. 2014;34(5):246–51.,2323. Santos DR, Lima CA, Saldanha EA, Cavalcanti MI, Medeiros AB, Lira AL. [Nursing prostatectomy patients]. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2015;23(4):513-9. Portuguese.)
|
II, VI, VII |
Present the signs and symptoms of urinary infection to the patient (fever, pain while urinating, bad-smelling urine) and the need for treatment.(88. Colley W. Incontinence following prostate cancer surgery. Nurs Times. 2014;110(9):16–8.)
|
VII |
Talk to the patient about the need for greater sanitary care of the perineal skin.(66. Brito-Brito PR, Oter-Quintana C, Martín-García A, Alcolea-Cosín MT, Martín-Iglesias S, Fernández-Gutiérrez DÁ. Case study: community nursing care plan for an elderly patient with urinary incontinence and social interaction problems after prostatectomy. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2014;25(1):62–5.,77. Martín-Ruiz MJ, Escrivá-de-Romaní-Vereterra A. [Treatment in urology nursing consultation of the two most frequent side-effects in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy]. Enfuro. 2014;126(9):30–8. Spanish.)
|
VII |
Advise about the need for considerable fluid intake during the day (2500 to 3000 ml) to avoid urinary infection and intestinal constipation.(88. Colley W. Incontinence following prostate cancer surgery. Nurs Times. 2014;110(9):16–8.)
|
VII |
Advise the patient to reduce or quit the consumption of alcohol and caffeine products (chocolate, tea, cola soft drink).(66. Brito-Brito PR, Oter-Quintana C, Martín-García A, Alcolea-Cosín MT, Martín-Iglesias S, Fernández-Gutiérrez DÁ. Case study: community nursing care plan for an elderly patient with urinary incontinence and social interaction problems after prostatectomy. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2014;25(1):62–5.,88. Colley W. Incontinence following prostate cancer surgery. Nurs Times. 2014;110(9):16–8.,1212. Novick BJ, Angie M, Walker E, Kitay R, Monday K, Albert NM. The Effect of Intensive Education On Urinary Incontinence Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized Control Trial. Urol Nurs. 2014;34(5):246–51.)
|
II, VI, VII |
Nursing Interventions for SD
|
NE
|
Educate the patient and his sexual partner about PC and sexuality.(55. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Schover L, Nielsen L, Zajdlewicz L, Clutton S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a couples-based sexuality intervention for men with localised prostate cancer and their female partners. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):748–56.)
|
II |
Provide educative material to the patient and, if possible, to the sexual partner, with separate topics about SD after RP.(1717. Grondhuis Palacios LA, Krouwel EM, Duijn M, den Oudsten BL, den Ouden ME, Putter H, et al. Written information material and availability of sexual health care for men experiencing sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment: an evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2):1–8.)
|
VI |
Explain the etiology of SD and its physical and mental consequences.(1717. Grondhuis Palacios LA, Krouwel EM, Duijn M, den Oudsten BL, den Ouden ME, Putter H, et al. Written information material and availability of sexual health care for men experiencing sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment: an evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2):1–8.,2020. Schantz Laursen B. Sexuality in men after prostate cancer surgery: a qualitative interview study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2017;31(1):120–7.)
|
VI |
Explain about the functioning of erection.(2323. Santos DR, Lima CA, Saldanha EA, Cavalcanti MI, Medeiros AB, Lira AL. [Nursing prostatectomy patients]. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2015;23(4):513-9. Portuguese.)
|
VI |
Inform the patient about the impact of RP in ejaculation (reduction or absence of ejaculated fluid, possibility of climacturia).(77. Martín-Ruiz MJ, Escrivá-de-Romaní-Vereterra A. [Treatment in urology nursing consultation of the two most frequent side-effects in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy]. Enfuro. 2014;126(9):30–8. Spanish.,1717. Grondhuis Palacios LA, Krouwel EM, Duijn M, den Oudsten BL, den Ouden ME, Putter H, et al. Written information material and availability of sexual health care for men experiencing sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment: an evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2):1–8.)
|
VI, VII |
Present the treatment possibilities of ED (use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, intraurethral suppository, penile injection, vacuum erection device and penile prosthesis).(55. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Schover L, Nielsen L, Zajdlewicz L, Clutton S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a couples-based sexuality intervention for men with localised prostate cancer and their female partners. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):748–56.,1717. Grondhuis Palacios LA, Krouwel EM, Duijn M, den Oudsten BL, den Ouden ME, Putter H, et al. Written information material and availability of sexual health care for men experiencing sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment: an evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2):1–8.,2222. Allchorne P, Green J. Identifying Unmet Care Needs of Patients with Prostate Cancer To Assist with Their Success in Coping. Urol Nurs. 2016;36(5):224–32.,2323. Santos DR, Lima CA, Saldanha EA, Cavalcanti MI, Medeiros AB, Lira AL. [Nursing prostatectomy patients]. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2015;23(4):513-9. Portuguese.)
|
II, VI |
Teach the patient about the correct use of the medication prescribed by the physician for ED treatment.(77. Martín-Ruiz MJ, Escrivá-de-Romaní-Vereterra A. [Treatment in urology nursing consultation of the two most frequent side-effects in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy]. Enfuro. 2014;126(9):30–8. Spanish.,2323. Santos DR, Lima CA, Saldanha EA, Cavalcanti MI, Medeiros AB, Lira AL. [Nursing prostatectomy patients]. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2015;23(4):513-9. Portuguese.)
|
VI, VII |
Teach the patient the definition of the term sexuality and encourage him to enhance expressions of affection and alternative forms of feeling pleasure that do not require penetration.(55. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Schover L, Nielsen L, Zajdlewicz L, Clutton S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a couples-based sexuality intervention for men with localised prostate cancer and their female partners. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):748–56.,2323. Santos DR, Lima CA, Saldanha EA, Cavalcanti MI, Medeiros AB, Lira AL. [Nursing prostatectomy patients]. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2015;23(4):513-9. Portuguese.)
|
II, VI |
Know each patient's reality and expectations concerning the sexual activity and propose specific solutions and treatments for each case.(55. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Schover L, Nielsen L, Zajdlewicz L, Clutton S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a couples-based sexuality intervention for men with localised prostate cancer and their female partners. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):748–56.)
|
II |
Provide contact information of health professionals who can help the patient to cope with the SD.(1717. Grondhuis Palacios LA, Krouwel EM, Duijn M, den Oudsten BL, den Ouden ME, Putter H, et al. Written information material and availability of sexual health care for men experiencing sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment: an evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2):1–8.)
|
VI |
Encourage the patient to raise doubts, fears and expectations related to SD to the health professionals.(55. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Schover L, Nielsen L, Zajdlewicz L, Clutton S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a couples-based sexuality intervention for men with localised prostate cancer and their female partners. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):748–56.)
|
II |
Engage the sexual partner in the SD treatment if applicable.(55. Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Schover L, Nielsen L, Zajdlewicz L, Clutton S, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a couples-based sexuality intervention for men with localised prostate cancer and their female partners. Psychooncology. 2015;24(7):748–56.,1717. Grondhuis Palacios LA, Krouwel EM, Duijn M, den Oudsten BL, den Ouden ME, Putter H, et al. Written information material and availability of sexual health care for men experiencing sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment: an evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2):1–8.,2020. Schantz Laursen B. Sexuality in men after prostate cancer surgery: a qualitative interview study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2017;31(1):120–7.)
|
II, VI |