Educational intervention in quality of life and knowledge of metabolic syndrome

This is a non-randomized clinical trial including 61 adults with metabolic syndrome (49±7.6 years). Participants were intentionally divided into two groups: intervention (n=31) and control (n=30). The primary outcome was the change in knowledge about metabolic syndrome and its risk factors, and the secondary, the improvement in quality of life (SF-36) assessed in two moments, at baseline and at the end of intervention (six months). Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon U tests were used, adopting a significance level of 5%.

Results

The educational program improved the body ache domain of quality of life in the intervention group (p=0.01), although with no statistical difference between the groups. Knowledge about hypertension and diabetes (p=0.02), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001) and general knowledge (p<0.001) showed a significant increase in the intervention group at six months, which did not occur in the control group.

Conclusion

The educational program can be an effective strategy to improve quality of life, highlighting the domain of body ache and increasing knowledge of metabolic syndrome in adults with the syndrome.

Community health nursing; Health education; Patient education; Metabolic syndrome; Quality of life; Risk factors

Characteristics	Control-G (n=30)	CEMS-G (n=31)
Characteristics	n(%)	n(%)
Sex
Male	1(3.3)	4(12.9)
Female	29(96.7)	27(87.1)
Color
White	8(26.7)	4(12.9)
Non-white	22(73.3)	27(87.1)
Marital status
With a partner	24(80.0)	18(58.1)
Without a partner	6(20.0)	13(41.9)
Education
< 8 years of study	19(63.3)	20(64.5)
> 8 years of study	11(36.7)	11(35.5)
Income
< 1 minimum wage	12(40.0)	9(29.0)
> 1 minimum wage	18(60.0)	22(71.0)
Smoking habit
No	24(80.0)	25(80.6)
Smoke or used to smoke	6(20.0)	6(19.4)
Use of alcohol
No	16(53.1)	17(54.8)
Drink or used to drink	14(45.2)	14(46.7)
Physical activity
No	18(60.0)	19(61.3)
Yes	12(40.0)	12(38.7)
BMI(kg/m²)
Eutrophic	3(10.0)	3(9.7)
Overweight	21(70.1)	18(58.1)
Obesity	6(20.0)	10(32.2)
Diabetes
No	7(23.3)	11(35.5)
Yes	23(76.7)	20(64.5)
Hypertension
No	2(6.7)	5(16.1)
Yes	28(93.3)	26(83.9)

Variables	Control-G (n=30)		CEMS-G (n=31)		p-value^*	p-value^#
Variables	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	p-value^*	p-value^#
SF-36
Functional capacity	60 (45-75)	70 (50-90)	75 (55-85)	65 (55-90)	0.27	0.64
Physical aspects	12 (0-100)	0 (0-100)	75 (0-100)	100 (25-100)	0.96	0.31
Body ache	46 (22-72)	46.5 (22-72)	42 (22-72)	62 (42-100)	0.92	0.01^#
Overall health status	52 (34-66)	47 (39-67)	57 (30-70)	60 (47-72)	0.79	0.32
Vitality	52 (35-60)	55 (45-65)	55 (40-65)	65 (50-70)	0.06	0.06
Social aspects	94 (50-100)	62 (38-100)	75 (50-100)	88 (62-100)	0.25	0.20
Emotional aspects	0 (0-100)	0 (0-100)	100 (0-100)	0 (0-100)	0.93	0.36
Mental health	58 (35-68)	58 (43-77)	76 (64-92)	80 (64-92)	0.38	0.90

Variables	Control-G (n=30)		CEMS-G (n=31)		p-value^*
Variables	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	p-value^*
Knowledge
HP and diabetes (7 points)	7 (6-7)	7 (6-7)	6 (5-7)	7 (6-7)	0.02^*
Smoking and alcohol(3 points)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-1)	1 (1-1.5)	0.19
Stress(3 points)	2 (2-2)	2 (2-2)	2 (2-2)	2 (2-2)	0.53
Sedentary lifestyle(3 points)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-1)	0.06
Medication(2 points)	1 (1-1)	1 (1-1)	1 (1-1)	1 (1-1)	0.41
Food(9 points)	7 (6-7)	7 (6-7)	7 (6-7)	7 (7-7)	0.17
Metabolic syndrome(9 points)	0 (0-1)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-1)	8 (8.5-9.0)	<0.01^*
General knowledge(36 points)	20.5 (19-22)	20.5 (20-23)	20 (18.5-21)	28 (26-29)	<0.01 ^*

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author. Isleide Santana Cardoso Santos. Email: isleide71@yahoo.com.br