Analysis of cases of interpersonal violence against women

This is an analytical, cross-sectional study, which analyzed the reported cases of violence against women from 2011 to 2018 in Espírito Santo. The data that were analyzed in this study are the result of the Reporting Forms/Investigation of Interpersonal and Self-inflicted Violence from the Reporting Diseases Information System (SINAN). Statistical analyzes were performed using the chi-square test and Poisson regression, using Stata 14.1, with p-values lower than 0.05 being considered significant.

Results

Interpersonal violence reporting in females represented a frequency of 74.9% (n=20,449; 95%CI: 74.4-75.4). It was observed that children and older adults had a 35% higher prevalence of this condition compared to adolescents. There is a higher frequency of this phenomenon among black/brown people (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.05-1.08) compared to white people. As for aggressor characteristics, there is a higher prevalence in the age group of 25 years and older (PR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.06-1.11), male (PR: 3.02; 95%CI: 2.88-3.17) and under suspicion of alcohol consumption at the time of aggression (95%CI: 1.05-1.08). Regarding the event, there is a frequency 1.28 times higher on public thoroughfare.

Conclusion

Sociodemographic, behavioral factors and personal experiences of violence influence its occurrence.

Exposure to violence; Violence against women; Intimate partner violence; Violence

Variables	n(%)	95% CI
Victim’s age group
0 to 9 years	1734(8.5)	8.1-8.9
10 to 19 years	4070(19.9)	19.4-20.5
20 to 59 years	13615(66.6)	65.9-67.2
60 years and older	1030(5.0)	4.8-5.4
Race/color
White	5301(29.5)	28.8-30.2
Black/brown	12668(70.5)	69.8-71.2
Disabilities/disorders
No	16339(91.6)	91.2-92.0
Yes	1496(8.4)	8.0-8.8
Domicile area
Urban/periurban	18228(91.2)	90.8-91.6
Rural	1755(8.8)	8.4-9.2
Aggressor’s age group
0-24 years	3394(29.7)	28.9-30.6
25 years and older	8018(70.3)	69.4-71.1
Aggressor’s sex
Male	15276(84.8)	84.3-85.4
Female	2729(15.2)	14.6-15.7
Relationship link
Family member	12584(67.4)	66.7-68.1
Acquaintance	3961(21.2)	20.6-21.8
Unknown	2127(11.4)	10.9-11.9
Suspected alcohol consumption
No	7041(53.2)	52.4-54.1
Yes	6187(46.8)	45.9-47.6
Number of people involved
One	15886(84.4)	83.9-84.9
Two and more	2934(15.6)	15.1-16.1
Place of occurrence
Residence	13023(72.1)	71.4-72.8
Public thoroughfare	3170(17.6)	17.0-18.1
Others	1870(10.3)	9.9-10.8
Repetition violence
No	6511(40.4)	39.6-41.1
Yes	9626(59.6)	58.9-60.4
Referral
No	2918(14.7)	14.2-15.2
Yes	16920(85.3)	84.8-85.8

Variables	n(%)	95% CI	p-value
Victim’s age group
0 to 9 years	1734(99.0)	98.4-99.4	<0.001
10 to 19 years	4070(67.3)	66.1-68.5
20 to 59 years	13615(74.3)	73.6-74.9
60 years and older	1030(86.9)	84.9-88.7
Race/color
White	5301(71.9)	70.8-72.9	<0.001
Black/brown	12668(77.9)	77.3-78.6
Disabilities/disorders
No	16339(82.7)	82.2-83.2	<0.001
Yes	1496(46.3)	44.6-48.0
Domicile area
Urban/periurban	18228(74.6)	74.0-75.1	0.047
Rural	1755(76.5)	74.7-78.2
Aggressor’s age group
0-24 years	3394(54.2)	52.9-55.4	<0.001
25 years and older	8018(72.2)	71.3-73.0
Aggressor’s sex
Male	15276(98.3)	98.1-98.5	<0.001
Female	2729(30.1)	29.2-31.1
Suspected alcohol consumption
No	7041(64.9)	64.0-65.8	<0.001
Yes	6187(89.1)	88.3-89.8
Place of occurrence
Residence	13023(70.1)	69.5-70.8	<0.001
Public thoroughfare	3170(92.8)	91.9-93.6
Others	1870(85.5)	83.9-86.9
Repetition violence
No	6511(74.3)	73.3-75.2	<0.001
Yes	9626(76.7)	75.9-77.4
Referral
No	2918(68.5)	67.1-69.9	<0.001
Yes	16920(76.0)	75.4-76.5

Variables	Unadjusted analysis			Adjusted analysis
Variables	PR	95% CI	p-value	PR	95% CI	p-value
Victim’s age group
0 to 9 years	1.47	1.45-1.50	<0.001	1.35	1.33-1.38	<0.001
10 to 19 years	1.0			1.0
20 to 59 years	1.10	1.08-1.13		1.11	1.09-1.14
60 years and older	1.29	1.26-1.33		1.35	1.31-1.40
Race/color
White	1.0		<0.001	1.0		<0.001
Black/brown	1.08	1.07-1.10		1.07	1.05-1.08
Disabilities/disorders
No	1.79	1.72-1.86	<0.001	1.78	1.71-1.85	<0.001
Yes	1.0			1.0
Domicile area
Urban/periurban	1.0		0.040	1.0		0.236
Rural	1.03	1.00-1.05		0.99	0.96-1.01
Aggressor’s age group
0-24 years	1.0		<0.001	1.0		<0.001
25 years and older	1.33	1.30-1.37		1.09	1.06-1.11
Aggressor’s sex
Male	3.27	3.16-3.37	<0.001	3.02	2.88-3.17	<0.001
Female	1.0			1.0
Suspected alcohol consumption
No	1.0		<0.001	1.0		<0.001
Yes	1.37	1.35-1.40		1.07	1.05-1.08
Place of occurrence
Residence	1.0		<0.001	1.0		<0.001
Public thoroughfare	1.32	1.31-1.34		1.28	1.25-1.31
Others	1.22	1.20-1.24		1.23	1.19-1.27
Repetition violence
No	1.0		<0.001	1.0		0.955
Yes	1.03	1.02-1.05		0.99	0.98-1.02

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite E-mail: franciele.leite@ufes.br