Arachnoid granulation affected by subarachnoid hemorrhage

Chopard, R.P.; Brancalhão, R.C.; Miranda-Neto, M.H.; Biazotto, W.

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1993000400005

Abstracts

The purpose of this study was to investigate using light microscopy the fibro-cellular components of arachnoid granulations affected by mild and severe subarachnoid hemorrage. The erythrocytes were in the channels delimitated by collagenous and elastic bundles and arachnoid cells, showing their tortuous and intercommunicating row from the pedicle to the fibrous capsule. The core portion of the pedicle and the center represented a principal route to the bulk outflow of cerebrospinal fluid and erythrocytes. In the severe hemorrhage, the fibrocellular components are desorganized, increasing the extracellular channels. We could see arachnoid granulations without erythrocytes, which cells showed big round nucleous suggesting their transformation into phagocytic cells.

arachnoid granulation; subarachnoid hemorrhage; cerebrospinal fluid

Por microscopia óptica foram estudados os componentes fibrosos das granulações aracnóides de indivíduos acometidos por hemorragia subaracnóide de tipo moderado ou severo. Os eritrocitos estavam presentes nos canais delimitados por feixes de fibras elásticas, colágenas e células aracnóides. Os canais tortuosos e intercomunicantes eram observados desde o pedículo até a cápsula fibrosa da granulação aracnóide. O principal trajeto dos eritrócitos e do líquido céfalo-raquidiano ocorria no interior do pedículo e centro da granulação aracnóide. Na hemorragia severa, os componentes fibro-musculares estavam desorganizados e os canais extra-celulares aumentados. A presença de células com grandes núcleos, observada no material hemorrágico, é sugestiva de transformações das células aracnóides em células fagocitárias, para promover a digestão intracelular dos eritrocitos.

granulação aracnóide; hemorragia subaracnóide; líquido cefalorra-quidiano

R.P. Chopard^I; R.C. Brancalhão^II; M.H. Miranda-Neto^III; W. Biazotto^III

^IDepartamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

^IIUNIOESTE, Cascavel, Paraná

^IIIUniversidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná

SUMMARY

The purpose of this study was to investigate using light microscopy the fibro-cellular components of arachnoid granulations affected by mild and severe subarachnoid hemorrage. The erythrocytes were in the channels delimitated by collagenous and elastic bundles and arachnoid cells, showing their tortuous and intercommunicating row from the pedicle to the fibrous capsule. The core portion of the pedicle and the center represented a principal route to the bulk outflow of cerebrospinal fluid and erythrocytes. In the severe hemorrhage, the fibrocellular components are desorganized, increasing the extracellular channels. We could see arachnoid granulations without erythrocytes, which cells showed big round nucleous suggesting their transformation into phagocytic cells.

Key words: arachnoid granulation, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebrospinal fluid.

RESUMO

Por microscopia óptica foram estudados os componentes fibrosos das granulações aracnóides de indivíduos acometidos por hemorragia subaracnóide de tipo moderado ou severo. Os eritrocitos estavam presentes nos canais delimitados por feixes de fibras elásticas, colágenas e células aracnóides. Os canais tortuosos e intercomunicantes eram observados desde o pedículo até a cápsula fibrosa da granulação aracnóide. O principal trajeto dos eritrócitos e do líquido céfalo-raquidiano ocorria no interior do pedículo e centro da granulação aracnóide. Na hemorragia severa, os componentes fibro-musculares estavam desorganizados e os canais extra-celulares aumentados. A presença de células com grandes núcleos, observada no material hemorrágico, é sugestiva de transformações das células aracnóides em células fagocitárias, para promover a digestão intracelular dos eritrocitos.

Palavras-chave: granulação aracnóide, hemorragia subaracnóide, líquido cefalorra-quidiano.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Aceite: 30-março-1993.

Dr. Renato P. Chopard Departamento de Anatomia - Faculdade de Medicina, USP - Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 - 01246-000 São Paulo SP - Brasil.

1. Adams JE, Prawirohardjo S. Fate of red blood cells infected into cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Neurology 1959, 9:561-564.
2. Alksne JF, White LEJr. Electron-microscope study of the effect increased intracranial pressure on the arachnoid villus. J Neurosurg 1965, 22:481-488.
3. Alksne JF, Richmond VA. Arachnoid villi after subarachnoid blood. J Neurophatol Exp Neurol 1971, 30:135.
4. Alksne JF, Lovings ET. The role of the arachnoid villus in the removal of red blood cells from the subarachnoid space: an electron microscope study in the dog. J Neurosurg 1972, 36:192-200.
5. Clark LG. On the pacchionian bodies. J Anat 1920, 55:40-48.
6. Cunninghan D J. Anatomia humana. Ed 8. Barcelona: Manuel Marin, 1949, Tomo 2.
7. Gushing H. Some experimental and clinical observations concerning the states of increased intra-cranial tension. Am J A Med Sci 1902, 124:375-400.
8. D'Avella D, Baroni A, Mingrino S. An electron microscope study of human arachnoid villi. Surg Neurol 1980, 14-41-47.
9. D'Avella D, Cicciarello R, Albiero F, Andriolo G. Scanning electron microscope study human arachnoid villi. J Neurosurg 1983, 59:620-626
10. Davson H, Hollingsworth G, Segal MB. The mechanism of drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid. Brain 1970, 93:665-678.
11. Ellington E, Margolis G. Block of arachnoid villi by subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1969, 30:651-657.
12. Gomez DG, Potts DG, Deonarine V, Reilly KF. Effects of pressure gradient changes on the morphology of arachnoid villi and granulations of the monkey. Lab Invest 1973, 28: 648-657.
13. Gomez DG, Potts DG, Deonarine V. Arachnoid granulations of the sheep. Arch Neurol 1974, 30:169-175.
14. James AE, McComb JG, Christian J, Davson H. The effect of cerebrospinal fluid pressure on the size of drainage pathways. Neurology 1976, 26:659-662.
15. Jayatilaka ADP. Arachnoid granulation in sheep. J Anat 1965, 99:315-327.
16. Jayatilaka ADP. An electron microscopic study of sheep arachnoid granulations. J Anat 1965, 99:635-649.
17. Julow J, Ishii M, Iesnuvhi T. Arachnoid villi affected by subarachnoid pressure and hemorrhage: scanning electron microscopic study in the dog. Acta Neurochir 1979, 51:63-72.
18. Miranda-Neto MH, Biazotto W, Chopard RP, Lucas GA. Estudo micro-mesoscópico das granulações aracnóides humanas. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1990, 48:151-155.
19. Potts DG, Deonarine V, Welton W. Perfusion studies of the cerebrospinal fluid absortive patways in the dog. Radiology 1972, 104:321-325.
20. Potts DG, Kenneth FR, Deonarine V. Morphology of the arachnoid villi and granulations. Radiology 1972, 105:333-341.
21. Potts DG, Deonarine V. Effect of positional changes and jugulaR veins compression on the pressure gradient across the arachnoid villi and granulations of the dog. J Neurosurg 1973, 38:722-728.
22. Shabo AL, Maxwell DS. The morphology of the arachnoid villi: a light an electron microscopic study in the monkey. J Neurosurg 1968, 29:451-463.
23. Shabo AL, Maxwell DS. Electron microscopic observations on the fate of particulate matter in the cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosurg 1968, 29:464-474.
24. Shabo AL, Abbott MM, Maxwell DS. The response of the arachnoid villus to an intra-cisternal injection of autogenous brain tissue: an electron microscopic study in the macaque monkey. J Neurosurg 1969, 19:724-734.
25. Sprong W. Disappearance of blood from cerebrospinal fluid in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: ineffectiveness of repeated lumbar punctures. Surg Gynec Obst 1934, 58:705.
26. Tripathi R. Tracing the bulk outflow rout of cerebrospinal fluid by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Brain Res 1974, 80:503-506.
27. Upton ML, Weller RD, Path FRC. The morphology of cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways in human arachnoid granulations. J Neurosurg 1985, 63:867-875.
28. Weed LH. Studies on the cerebrospinal fluid: II. The theories of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid with an analysis of the methods of investigation. J Med Res 1914, 31:21-49.
29. Welch K, Friedman V. The relation between the structure of arachnoid an their functions. Surg Forum 1959, 10:767-769.
30. Welch K, Friedman V. The cerebrospinal fluid valves. Brain 1960, 83:454-469.
31. Welch K, Pollay M. Perfusion of particles through arachnoid villi of the monkey. Am J Physiol 1961, 201:651-654.
32. Yamashima T. Ultrastructural study of the final cerebrospinal fluid pathway in human arachnoid villi. Brain Res 1986, 384:68-76.
33. Yamashima T. Functional ultrastructure of cerebrospinal fluid drainage channels in human arachnoid villi. Neurosurgery 1988, 22:633-641.

Arachnoid granulation affected by subarachnoid hemorrhage

Estudo das componentes fibrosas das granulações aracnóides na presença de hemorragia sub-aracnóide

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
19 Jan 2011
Date of issue
Nov 1993

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Adams JE, Prawirohardjo S. Fate of red blood cells infected into cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Neurology 1959, 9:561-564.

[2] 2. Alksne JF, White LEJr. Electron-microscope study of the effect increased intracranial pressure on the arachnoid villus. J Neurosurg 1965, 22:481-488.

[3] 3. Alksne JF, Richmond VA. Arachnoid villi after subarachnoid blood. J Neurophatol Exp Neurol 1971, 30:135.

[4] 4. Alksne JF, Lovings ET. The role of the arachnoid villus in the removal of red blood cells from the subarachnoid space: an electron microscope study in the dog. J Neurosurg 1972, 36:192-200.

[5] 5. Clark LG. On the pacchionian bodies. J Anat 1920, 55:40-48.

[6] 6. Cunninghan D J. Anatomia humana. Ed 8. Barcelona: Manuel Marin, 1949, Tomo 2.

[7] 7. Gushing H. Some experimental and clinical observations concerning the states of increased intra-cranial tension. Am J A Med Sci 1902, 124:375-400.

[8] 8. D'Avella D, Baroni A, Mingrino S. An electron microscope study of human arachnoid villi. Surg Neurol 1980, 14-41-47.

[9] 9. D'Avella D, Cicciarello R, Albiero F, Andriolo G. Scanning electron microscope study human arachnoid villi. J Neurosurg 1983, 59:620-626

[10] 10. Davson H, Hollingsworth G, Segal MB. The mechanism of drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid. Brain 1970, 93:665-678.

[11] 11. Ellington E, Margolis G. Block of arachnoid villi by subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1969, 30:651-657.

[12] 12. Gomez DG, Potts DG, Deonarine V, Reilly KF. Effects of pressure gradient changes on the morphology of arachnoid villi and granulations of the monkey. Lab Invest 1973, 28: 648-657.

[13] 13. Gomez DG, Potts DG, Deonarine V. Arachnoid granulations of the sheep. Arch Neurol 1974, 30:169-175.

[14] 14. James AE, McComb JG, Christian J, Davson H. The effect of cerebrospinal fluid pressure on the size of drainage pathways. Neurology 1976, 26:659-662.

[15] 15. Jayatilaka ADP. Arachnoid granulation in sheep. J Anat 1965, 99:315-327.

[16] 16. Jayatilaka ADP. An electron microscopic study of sheep arachnoid granulations. J Anat 1965, 99:635-649.

[17] 17. Julow J, Ishii M, Iesnuvhi T. Arachnoid villi affected by subarachnoid pressure and hemorrhage: scanning electron microscopic study in the dog. Acta Neurochir 1979, 51:63-72.

[18] 18. Miranda-Neto MH, Biazotto W, Chopard RP, Lucas GA. Estudo micro-mesoscópico das granulações aracnóides humanas. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1990, 48:151-155.

[19] 19. Potts DG, Deonarine V, Welton W. Perfusion studies of the cerebrospinal fluid absortive patways in the dog. Radiology 1972, 104:321-325.

[20] 20. Potts DG, Kenneth FR, Deonarine V. Morphology of the arachnoid villi and granulations. Radiology 1972, 105:333-341.

[21] 21. Potts DG, Deonarine V. Effect of positional changes and jugulaR veins compression on the pressure gradient across the arachnoid villi and granulations of the dog. J Neurosurg 1973, 38:722-728.

[22] 22. Shabo AL, Maxwell DS. The morphology of the arachnoid villi: a light an electron microscopic study in the monkey. J Neurosurg 1968, 29:451-463.

[23] 23. Shabo AL, Maxwell DS. Electron microscopic observations on the fate of particulate matter in the cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosurg 1968, 29:464-474.

[24] 24. Shabo AL, Abbott MM, Maxwell DS. The response of the arachnoid villus to an intra-cisternal injection of autogenous brain tissue: an electron microscopic study in the macaque monkey. J Neurosurg 1969, 19:724-734.

[25] 25. Sprong W. Disappearance of blood from cerebrospinal fluid in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: ineffectiveness of repeated lumbar punctures. Surg Gynec Obst 1934, 58:705.

[26] 26. Tripathi R. Tracing the bulk outflow rout of cerebrospinal fluid by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Brain Res 1974, 80:503-506.

[27] 27. Upton ML, Weller RD, Path FRC. The morphology of cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways in human arachnoid granulations. J Neurosurg 1985, 63:867-875.

[28] 28. Weed LH. Studies on the cerebrospinal fluid: II. The theories of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid with an analysis of the methods of investigation. J Med Res 1914, 31:21-49.

[29] 29. Welch K, Friedman V. The relation between the structure of arachnoid an their functions. Surg Forum 1959, 10:767-769.

[30] 30. Welch K, Friedman V. The cerebrospinal fluid valves. Brain 1960, 83:454-469.

[31] 31. Welch K, Pollay M. Perfusion of particles through arachnoid villi of the monkey. Am J Physiol 1961, 201:651-654.

[32] 32. Yamashima T. Ultrastructural study of the final cerebrospinal fluid pathway in human arachnoid villi. Brain Res 1986, 384:68-76.

[33] 33. Yamashima T. Functional ultrastructure of cerebrospinal fluid drainage channels in human arachnoid villi. Neurosurgery 1988, 22:633-641.