| Neurology and neuropathology |
Anatomo-clinical method |
Vulpian, Cornil -1862 |
Charcot brought new vigor to the clinicopathologic tradition of the Paris school by adding to macroscopic anatomy the new dimension of histology. |
| Charcot-Féré syndrome (ophthalmoplegic migraine) |
Féré - 1861 |
Charcot, who was a migraineur, and Féré studied eight patients who presented with scintillating scotoma accompanied by changes in ocular motricity. |
| Tabes dorsalis |
Vulpian -1862 |
Charcot and Vulpian made a significant breakthrough by establishing a crucial link between specific clinical symptoms and the underlying lesions associated with tabes dorsalis (“ataxie locomotrice”). |
| Parkinson's disease |
Vulpian - 1862 |
Charcot corrected some of the mistakes in James Parkinson's description, such as the presence of bradykinesia and not paralysis, identified non-motor signs, and with Vulpian coined the term “Maladie de Parkinson.” |
| Tremor |
Marie - 1862–1893 |
He distinguished tremor in degenerative diseases, clinical conditions, intoxication and hysteria. He was the pioneer of treatment with anticholinergics. |
| Charcot-Bouchard's aneurysms |
Bouchard - 1867 |
Charcot and Bourchard's study led to the discovery of “aneurysms that developed on intracerebral arterioles” as cause of strokes. |
| Multiple sclerosis |
Vulpian - 1868 |
Charcot provided the classic description of “sclérose en plaques disséminées” |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
1869–1885 |
He described “sclérose latérale amyotrophique” (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), a condition that became known as Charcot's disease |
| Charcot-Joffroy syndrome |
Joffroy -1873 |
A rare form of cervical myelopathy known as idiopathic hypertrophic cervical pachymeningitis. It has been described by Charcot and Alix Joffroy in Joffroy's doctoral thesis |
| Erb-Charcot paralysis |
1876 |
A syphilitic myelopathy with sensory and motor symptoms (tabes dorsalis spasmodique). |
| Charcot cut |
1876 |
The coronal section of the brain is known as the “Charcot cut.” |
| Aphasia |
Féré, Marie, Rummo, Bernard, Ballet - 1883 |
Charcot created the “bell diagram” describing the circuits of the speech process. |
| Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome |
1883 |
Charcot described a patient with posterior cerebral artery thrombosis who lost the ability to consciously reproduce images from his dreams while awake, although he could still recall dreams of words but not any imagery. |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease |
Marie - 1886 |
With Pierre Marie made the initial description of the hereditary sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy. Tooth identified the pathology in the peripheral nerves three months later. |
| Fugue-poriomania and epilepsies |
1888 |
Charcot described a 37-year-old mailman with fugue-poriomania, experiencing three hour-long episodes of wandering around Paris with complete amnesia. This case is now understood as non-convulsive status epilepticus with fugue status, and it significantly contributed to the study of differentiating epilepsy from functional (psychogenic) conditions. |
| Souques-Charcot geroderma |
Jean-Baptist Charcot and Souques - 1891 |
The “géomorphisme cutané” is a variant of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria, which is characterized by loose, shiny, dry skin, subcutaneous atrophy, eunuchoid habitus, and intellectual deficiency |
| Psychiatry |
Idée fixes
|
Gille de la Tourette - 1885 |
Manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder |
| Histeria |
Since 1872 |
He considered the disease as a result of a dynamic lesion of the brain circuits. Only patients with hysteria could be hypnotized |
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