After a brief bibliographic review, the author had the opportunity of verifying how scanty and contradictory were the works on children aphasia. He begins by exposing the different steps of the development of the language; next he analyses the various existing notions about aphasia. In another chapter he shows the principal characteristics of aphasia in children, enhancing the differences between the so-called "aphasia of evolution" and acquired aphasia. He presents five observations of aphasia in children: 3 post-traumatic, one the result of a left frontotemporal tumor and the other related to an infectious process supposed to be a diffuse meningoencephalitis. Analysing these observations according to Jackson's ideas the author reaches the following conclusions: 1) The main characteristic of aphasia in our patients was the deficiency of spontaneous language. 2) The logorrhea, so often observed in adults, was not recorded in our patients. 3) It was not registered dysarthria, unless we consider as such the solutions of facility found in some cases. 4) The troubles of perception are rare in comparison with those of expression and in this concern our observations are in accordance with those of Gutmann. 5) The lapses of amnestic type were frequent in our patients, in disagreement with Gutmann's observations. 6) There is a sharp dissociation between the automatic and voluntary uses of language, the latter much more troubled than the former, both in spoken and written word. 7) The written language - a much more voluntary form of expression - is much more severely disturbed. 8) The duration of the disturbance was long and the recovery slow and difficult. 9) The disturbances of the written language improved slower than those of the spoken language. 10) Hughlings Jackson's interpretation seems to be the only one capable of explaining the apparently contradictory aspects of the aphasic pictures of our patients.