INTRODUCTION: Cognitive evaluation is usually performed in the assessment of patients with suspected dementia, but is not generally performed in patients with other neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relevance of a systematic cognitive examination in patients with different neurological conditions. METHOD: One-hundred and five patients consecutively attended over a one-year period in a general Neurology outpatient clinic from a public-affiliated hospital, with no complaints of cognitive changes, were submitted to the following cognitive tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), digit span (forward and backward), delayed recall of ten simple figures, category fluency and clock drawing. Whenever possible, the cut-off scores were adjusted as function of educational level. RESULTS: Nearly 2/3 of the patients presented impaired performance in at least one of the tests. The MMSE was altered in 20% of the patients. Performance at digit span was impaired in 50.4% of cases (29.5% forward and 20.9% backward), delayed recall in 14.2% of the patients, category fluency in 27.6% and clock drawing in 40.0%. CONCLUSION: These results reinforce the need of including cognitive evaluation as a routine part of the neurological examination, independently of the presence of specific complaints in this domain.
neurology; diagnosis; cognition; neuropsychological evaluation
