Panorama dos estudos sobre serviços ecossistêmicos em zonas ripárias: uma revisão sistemática

Prado, Rachel Bardy; Damasceno, Gustavo Menezes Silva; Aquino, Fabiana de Gois

Rachel Bardy Prado ^**e-mail: rachel.prado@embrapa.br

Embrapa Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico, 1024, Jardim Botânico, CEP 22460-000, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-4915

Gustavo Menezes Silva Damasceno

Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-7124

Fabiana de Gois Aquino

Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km 18, Planaltina, CEP 73310-970, Brasília, DF, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-7978

*e-mail: rachel.prado@embrapa.br

Associated Editor: André Andrian Padial.

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1
Main steps of this study.

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Figure 2
(a) Number of publications annually from 2000 to 2020 applying all terms. (b) Number of publications annually from 2000 to 2020 applying all terms and ecosystem services (Scopus and Web of Science databases).

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Figure 3
Number of occurrences found for ecosystem service (ES) in riparian zones, according to the classification by Costanza et al. (1997)Costanza, R., D’Arge, R., De Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R.V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R.G., Sutton, P., & Belt, M.V.D., 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0.
https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0... , Soman et al. (2007)Soman, S., Beyeler, S., Kraft, S.E., Thomas, D., & Winstanley, D., 2007. Ecosystem services from riparian areas: a brief summary of the literature [online]. USA: Illinois River Coordinator Council. Retrieved in 2020, August 20, from http://www.verdevalley.org/RiparianAreas.pdf
http://www.verdevalley.org/RiparianAreas... and Grizzetti et al. (2016)Grizzetti, B., Lanzanova, D., Liquete, C., Reynaud, A., & Cardoso, A.C., 2016. Assessing water ecosystem services for water resource management. Environ. Sci. Policy. 61, 194-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.04.008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.04... .

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Table 1
Terms and methodology of the search in the literature used.

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Table 2
Ecosystem services provided by riparian zones by categories.

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Table 3
Main indicators used to assess ecosystem services in riparian zones.

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Table 4
Main methods used for ecosystem service (ES) integration in riparian zones, the objective of analysis, and the associated references.

Search 1		Search 2				Search 3
Terms		1^st terms		AND	2^nd term	1^st terms		AND	2^nd term
OR	“riparian buffer”	OR	“riparian buffer”		“ecosystem service”	Search performed separately for each ES	“biological control”		“ecosystem service”
	“riparian vegetation”		“riparian vegetation”				“pollination”
	“riparian zone”		“riparian zone”				“erosion control” OR “sediment retention”
	“riparian area”		“riparian area”				“nutrient retention” OR “sewage treatment”
	“riparian forest”		“riparian forest”				“carbon stock” OR “sequestration” OR “gas regulation” OR “climate regulation”
							“water supply”
							“water regulation”
							“nutrient cycling” OR “soil formation”
							“food production” OR “raw material”
							“nursery” OR “refugia”
							“recreation” OR “aesthetic”

Ecosystem services categories	Ecosystem services
Provisioning	Water supply, food production, raw materials, and genetic resources
Regulating	Biological control, erosion control, sediment retention, nutrient retention, disturbance regulation, climate regulation, gas regulation, water regulation, pollination, waste treatment, carbon stock or sequestration
Support	Nutrient cycling, soil formation, nursery and refugia
Cultural	Aesthetic and recreation

ES category	Ecosystem services	Example of indicators
Provisioning	Water supply	Infiltration of water in the soil, slope, and water entering the system
	Raw material	Raw material collected, wood biomass
	Food production	Arable areas on fertile soils, the production method, the method of purchase or acquisition by the consumer, the environmental impact of the production method, the price
	Genetic resources	No studies were found for this ES based on the search terms.
Regulating	Nutrient retention	Denitrification rate, P retention level, soil type
	Biological control	Diversity of predator, non-native invasive species presence, potential for allelopathic effects, germination and seedling growth
	Carbon stock or sequestration, gas regulation and climate regulation	C content, stock and sequestration in soil and trees (above ground living biomass, diameter at breast height, height of trees, soil organic matter), N₂O production, hillslope broadleaf afforestation
	Disturbance regulation	Total storage capacity in the system and % of water body occupation in the floodplain, abundance and richness of animals and plants species, water quality indicators, and percentage of land use and cover
	Pollination	The area with potential pollinator nests, the distance between nests and fertile areas and number of visits of native pollinators to fertile areas
	Erosion control and sediment retention	Sediment and nutrient removal, sediment deposition, erosion rates, land use and land cover, soil parameters (temperature, moisture, increased bulk density, sand content, and pH), nutrient turnover from decomposition, net N mineralization rates, microbial C and N
	Water regulation	Physical indicators of water bodies (extent, width, water level), nutrient mass flow in water, flow watersheds, runoff volume, % land use and land cover, water quality indicators
Support	Nutrient cycling	Total organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, denitrification potential, nitrogen in the microbial mass and nitrogen mineralization potential
	Soil formation	Soil parameters (% of sand/silt/clay, moisture, temperature, microbial activity, density and porosity)
	Nursery and refugia	Trees planted/area, tree cover, remnants of natural vegetation, diversity of bryophyte and, bird, mammals and fish population feature
Cultural	Recreation and aesthetic	Accessible areas with potential for visitation and noise pollution level

Methods	Objectives	Examples of references
Bayesian belief network (BBN)	Assessing SE provided by riparian zones	McVittie et al. (2015)McVittie, A., Norton, L., Martin-Ortega, J., Siameti, I., Glenk, K., & Aalders, I., 2015. Operationalizing an ecosystem services-based approach using Bayesian Belief Networks: an application to riparian buffer strips. Ecol. Econ. 110, 15-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.12.004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.201...
FyrisSKZ, working for water (WFW)	Assessing water quality	Turpie et al. (2008)Turpie, J.K., Marais, C., & Blignaut, J.N., 2008. The working for water programme: evolution of a payments for ecosystem services mechanism that addresses both poverty and ecosystem service delivery in South Africa. Ecol. Econ. 65(4), 788-798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.12.024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.200... , Collentine et al. (2015)Collentine, D., Johnsson, H., Larsson, P., Markensten, H., & Persson, K., 2015. Designing cost efficient buffer zone programs: an application of the FyrisSKZ tool in a Swedish catchment. Ambio 44(Suppl. 2), S311- S 318. PMid:25681987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0627-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-062...
Integrated valuation of ES and tradeoffs (InVEST)	Assessing the consequences of reducing riparian zones and ES pollination	Meehan et al. (2013)Meehan, T.D., Gratton, C., Diehl, E., Hunt, N.D., Mooney, D.F., Ventura, S.J., Barham, B.L., & Jackson, R.D., 2013. Ecosystem service tradeoffs associated with switching from annual to perennial energy crops in riparian zones of the US Midwest. PLoS One 8(11), e80093. PMid:24223215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0... , Garrastazú et al. (2015)Garrastazú, M.C., Mendonça, S.D., Horokoski, T.T., Cardoso, D.J., Rosot, M.A.D., Nimmo, E.R., & Lacerda, A.E.B., 2015. Carbon sequestration and riparian zones: assessing the impacts of changing regulatory practices in Southern Brazil. Land Use Policy 42, 329-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.08.003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2...
Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)	Assessing sediment and water dynamics	Amatya et al. (2011)Amatya, D.M., Douglas-Mankin, K.R., Williams, T.M., Skaggs, R.W., & Nettles, J.E., 2011. Advances in forest hydrology: challenges and opportunities. ASABE 54(6), 2049-2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.40672. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.40672... , Palazón et al. (2014)Palazón, L., Gaspar, L., Latorre, B., Blake, W.H., & Navas, A., 2014. Evaluating the importance of surface soil contributions to reservoir sediment in alpine environments: a combined modelling and fingerprinting approach in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park. Solid Earth 5(2), 963-978. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-5-963-2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-5-963-2014... , Vigiak et al. (2016)Vigiak, O., Malagó, A., Bouraoui, F., Grizzetti, B., Weissteiner, C.J., & Pastori, M., 2016. Impact of current riparian land on sediment retention in the Danube River Basin. Sustain. Water Qual. Ecol. 8, 30-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2016.08.001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2016.0...
STELLA	Assessing interactions between water bodies and land use	Randhir & Ekness (2013)Randhir, T.O., & Ekness, P., 2013. Water quality change and habitat potential in riparian ecosystems. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 13(3), 192-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2013.09.001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2013....
CAESAR LISFLOOD (C-L)	Simulating the effect of in-channel obstructions on the distribution of erosion and deposition sediments	Walsh et al. (2020)Walsh, P., Jakeman, A., & Thompson, C., 2020. Modelling headwater channel response and suspended sediment yield to in-channel large wood using the Caesar-Lisflood landscape evolution model. Geomorphology 363, 107209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.202...
Riparian ecosystem management model (REMM)	Simulating ecological processes in riparian zones	Altier et al. (2002)Altier, L.S., Lowrance, R., Williams, R.G., Inamdar, S.P., Bosh, D.D., Sheridan, J.M., Hubbard, R.K., & Thomas, D.L., 2002. Riparian ecosystem management model: simulator for ecological processes in riparian zones. USA: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation Research Report, 46., Kim et al. (2007)Kim, I.J., Hutchinson, S.L., Hutchinson, J.M.S., & Young, C.B., 2007. Riparian ecosystem management model: sensitivity to soil, vegetation, and weather input parameters. JAWRA, 45(5), 1171-1182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00096.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007...
Copernicus land monitoring service (CLMS)	Assessing and monitoring green infrastructure in riparian zones	Piedelobo et al. (2019)Piedelobo, L., Taramelli, A., Schiavon, E. & Valentini, E., 2019. Assessment of green infrastructure in riparian zones using copernicus programme. Remote Sens. 11(24), 2967. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242967. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242967...
Land utilization capability indicator (LUCI)	Integrating land management decision support model applied to map areas providing ecosystem goods and services	Sharps et al. (2017)Sharps, K., Masante, D., Thomas, A., Jackson, B., Redhead, J., May, L., Prosser, H., Cosby, B., Emmett, B., & Jones, L., 2017. Comparing strengths and weaknesses of three ecosystem services modeling tools in a diverse UK river catchment. Sci. Total Environ. 584-585, 118-130. PMid:28147292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.20...
Biotic integrity, Jaccard and Shanon-Weaver diversity indexes	Assessing the diversity and distribution of species and individuals in the riparian zones related to ES	Huh & Choi (2019)Huh, M.K., & Choi, B.K., 2019. Floristic characterization and biodiversity of riparian zones at the Gwangyang river, Korea. Eur. J. Appl. Sci., 6(2), 24-38., Burdon et al. (2020)Burdon, F.J., Ramberg, E., Sargac, J., Forio, M.A.E., de Saeyer, N., Mutinova, P.T., Moe, T.F., Pavelescu, M.O., Dinu, V., Cazacu, C., Witing, F., Kupilas, B., Grandin, U., Volk, M., Rîşnoveanu, G., Goethals, P., Friberg, N., Johnson, R.K., & McKie, B.G., 2020. Assessing the benefits of forested riparian zones: a qualitative index of riparian integrity is positively associated with ecological status in European streams. Water 12(4), 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041178...
Riparian quality index (RQI), Stream visual assessment protocol (SVAP)	Assessing the quality of riparian zones	Bjorkland et al. (2001)Bjorkland, R., Pringle, C.M., & Newton, B., 2001. A stream visual assessment protocol (SVAP) for riparian landowners. Environ. Monit. Assess. 68(2), 99-125. PMid:11411146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010743124570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101074312457... , Del Tánago & Jalón (2006)Del Tánago, M.G., & Jalón, D.G., 2006. Índice RQI para la valoración de las riberas fluviales en el contexto de la directiva marco del agua. Ing. Civ., 143, 97-108., Warren II et al. (2015)Warren II, R.J., Potts, D.L., & Frothingham, K.M., 2015. Stream structural limitations on invasive communities in urban riparian areas. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. 8(3), 353-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00081.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-14-0008...
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)	Assessing and mapping green infrastructure in riparian zones by remote sensing	Yang (2007)Yang, X., 2007. Integrated use of remote sensing and geographic information systems in riparian vegetation delineation and mapping. Remote Sens. 28(2), 353-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160600726763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160600726... , Fu et al. (2016)Fu, B., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, B., Yin, S., Zhu, H., & Xing, Z., 2016. Evaluation of ecosystem service value of riparian zone using land use data from 1986 to 2012. Ecol. Indic. 69, 873-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.05.048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.0...
Normalized difference water index (NDWI)	Assessing and mapping changes in water content in riparian zones by remote sensing	Pereira et al. (2018)Pereira, L.E., Amorim, G., Grigio, A.M., & Paranhos Filho, A.C., 2018. Análise comparativa entre métodos de índice de água por diferença normalizada (NDWI) em área úmida continental. Anu. Inst. Geocienc. 41(2), 654-662. https://doi.org/10.11137/2018_2_654_662. https://doi.org/10.11137/2018_2_654_662... , Vanderhoof & Burt (2018)Vanderhoof, M. & Burt, C., 2018. Applying high resolution imagery to evaluate restoration induced changes in stream condition, Missouri River Headwaters Basin, Montana. Remote Sens. 10(6), 913. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060913. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060913...
Relative aggregated value of ecosystem services indexes (RAVES)	Prioritizing sites for ecological restoration based on ecosystem services	Comín et al. (2018)Comín, F.A., Beatriz, M., Ricardo, S., Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Jiménez, J.J., & Enrique, N., 2018. Prioritizing sites for ecological restoration based on ecosystem services. J. Appl. Ecol., 55(3), 1155-1163. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8t5d4. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8t5d4...
Generalized additive models (GAM)	Describing the spatial pattern of pollination benefits using predictors	Lautenbach et al. (2011)Lautenbach, S., Kugel, C., Lausch, A., & Seppelt, R., 2011. Analysis of historic changes in regional ecosystem service provisioning using land use data. Ecol. Indic. 11(2), 676-687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.09.007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010...
Relative pollination potential index (RPP)	Evaluating the benefits of pollination for crop yield	Zulian et al. (2013)Zulian, G., Maes, J., & Paracchini, M.L., 2013. Linking land cover data and crop yields for mapping and assessment of pollination services in Europe. Land (Basel) 2(3), 472-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land2030472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land2030472...
A new comprehensive ecosystem service index (CES)	Analyzing spatiotemporal changes and trade-offs to support the supply of multiple ecosystem services	Sun et al. (2018)Sun, X., Lu, Z., Li, F. & Crittenden, J.C., 2018. Urban expansion simulation and the spatio-temporal changes of ecosystem services, a case study in Atlanta Metropolitan area, USA. Sci. Total Environ., 622-623, 974-987.
Water retention index	Planning land use to manage water resources	Vandecasteele et al. (2018)Vandecasteele, I., Marí i Rivero, I., Baranzelli, C., Becker, W., Dreoni, I., Lavalle, C., & Batelaan, O., 2018. The Water Retention Index: using land use planning to manage water resources in Europe. Sustain. Dev. (Bradford) 26(2), 122-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.1723...
Ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA)	Developing environmental flow prescriptions for many streams and rivers in a user-defined geographic region or jurisdiction	Mackay et al. (2014)Mackay, S., Arthington, A.H., & James, C.S., 2014. Classification and comparison of natural and altered flow regimes to support an Australian trial of the Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration framework. Ecohydrology 7(6), 1485-1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1473...

[1] *e-mail: rachel.prado@embrapa.br

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Panorama dos estudos sobre serviços ecossistêmicos em zonas ripárias: uma revisão sistemática

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