Performance of RR soybean submitted to postemergence application of glyphosate with a foliar elicitor product

Constantin, Jamil; Braz, Guilherme Braga Pereira; Oliveira Júnior, Rubem Silvério de; Andrade, Christiano Lima Lobo de; Pereira, Bruno César Silva; Machado, Fellipe Goulart

doi:10.1590/1808-1657000492019

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SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE • Arq. Inst. Biol. 87 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000492019 copy

Performance of RR soybean submitted to postemergence application of glyphosate with a foliar elicitor product

Desempenho da soja RR submetida a aplicação de glifosato associado a produto elicitor foliar em pós-emergência

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

With the advent of glyphosate-resistant soybean, postemergence applications of the herbicide have become routine. In this way, problems related to the selectivity of glyphosate have been shown to be increasingly intense, due to the use of increased dosages and applications of the herbicide at unrecommended moments. In order to evaluate the agronomic performance of soybean plants subjected to the postemergence application of glyphosate – both in isolation and together with Crop⁺ – at different stages and dosage levels, a randomized block design experiment was carried out with two adjacent checks and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of: glyphosate (1296 g·ha^-1); glyphosate + Crop⁺ (1296 + 0.25 g or L·ha^-1); glyphosate + Crop⁺ (1296 + 0.5 g or L·ha^-1); glyphosate (2592 g·ha^-1); glyphosate + Crop⁺ (2592 + 0.25 g or L·ha^-1); glyphosate + Crop⁺ (2592 + 0.5 g or L·ha^-1); 2 × glyphosate (2 × 1296 g·ha^-1); 2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺ (2 × 1296 + 0.25 g or L·ha^-1); 2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺ (2 × 1296 + 0.5 g or L·ha^-1) and Crop⁺ (0.5 g·ha^-1). The phytotoxicity, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, height, stand, mass of 100 grains, and yield of the soybean plants were evaluated. The use of Crop⁺ on soybean plants led to an increase in the SPAD index; the use of Crop⁺ in association with glyphosate made possible the attenuation of visible symptoms of damage, preventing reductions in crop yield.

KEYWORDS
biostimulant; phytotoxicity; EPSPS inhibitor; yield

Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Stage of application
Glyphosate	1296	V5
Glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	1296 + 0.25	V5
Glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	1296 + 0.5	V5
Glyphosate	2592	V5
Glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	2592 + 0.25	V5
Glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	2592 + 0.5	V5
2 × glyphosate	2 × 1296	V3-V4 / V5-V6
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	2 × 1296 + 0.25	V3-V4 / V5-V6
2 × glyphosate + Cro^p+	2 × 1296 + 0.5	V3-V4 / V5-V6
Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	0.5	V5

Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Phytotoxicity (%)
Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	7 DAA	14 DAA	21 DAA	35 DAA
Glyphosate	1296	1.2 b	2.5 b	2.5 d	0.0 c
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.25	5.0 a	3.7 b	3.2 d	2.5 b
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.5	7.5 a	8.7 a	9.2 b	5.0 b
Glyphosate	2592	8.2 a	10.7 a	6.2 c	11.2 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.25	8.7 a	6.2 a	6.5 c	2.5 b
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.5	2.5 b	5.0 b	5.0 c	2.5 b
2 × glyphosate	2 × 1296	8.7 a	10.7 a	12.0 a	10.0 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.25	2.5 b	3.7 b	5.0 c	3.7 b
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 ×1296 + 0.5	8.0 a	7.5 a	8.7 b	5.0 b
Crop⁺	0.5	0.0 b	0.0 b	0.0 e	0.0 c
CV (%)		44.46	41.81	29.88	42.96

Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	SPAD Index
		7 DAA			14 DAA
		Herb.	Check		Herb.	Check
Glyphosate	1296	38.9 a	41.0 a		40.2 a	41.6 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.25	38.4 a	40.1 a		39.9 a	41.2 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.5	37.7 a	39.9 a		40.3 a	40.9 a
Glyphosate	2592	37.0 b	40.2 a		38.7 b	41.6 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.25	37.2 b	40.2 a		38.5 b	41.3 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.5	35.3 b	39.4 a		38.5 b	41.3 a
2 × glyphosate	2 × 1296	36.1 b	41.2 a		38.6 b	40.9 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.25	39.1 a	40.8 a		40.0 a	40.3 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.5	38.0 a	40.5 a		38.4 b	40.6 a
Crop⁺	0.5	38.8 a	40.4 a		40.7 a	40.8 a
CV (%)		4.39		2.47
Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	21 DAA			35 DAA
Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Herb.	Check		Herb.	Check
Glyphosate	1296	41.4 a	42.2 a		47.4 a	48.2 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.25	41.5 a	42.2 a		44.1 b	47.0 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.5	42.9 a	42.4 a		48.8 a	47.4 a
Glyphosate	2592	40.3 a	42.0 a		45.3 a	47.0 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.25	40.0 b	42.8 a		47.2 a	48.5 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.5	41.7 a	42.3 a		43.6 b	48.6 a
2 × glyphosate	2 × 1296	41.1 a	41.0 a		48.1 a	48.3 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.25	41.0 a	40.2 a		46.5 a	47.4 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.5	38.7 b	41.0 a		50.0 a	47.6 a
Crop⁺	0.5	42.6 a	41.3 a		52.5 a	48.1 b
CV (%)		3.56		4.40

Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Stand (plants 2·m^-1)
		14 DAA			35 DAA			Harvest
		Herb.	Check		Herb.	Check		Herb.	Check
Glyphosate	1296	35.0 a	32.7 a		34.0 a	32.1 a		32.2 a	31.5 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.25	31.5 a	33.7 a		30.5 a	32.8 a		29.5 a	31.8 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.5	34.7 a	31.7 a		33.7 a	30.8 a		32.5 a	29.8 a
Glyphosate	2592	29.7 a	31.1 a		29.2 a	30.1 a		28.2 a	29.1 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.25	31.7 a	33.3 a		31.0 a	32.5 a		29.7 a	31.6 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.5	35.5 a	31.0 b		34.5 a	30.1 b		33.5 a	29.1 b
2 × glyphosate	2× 1296	31.5 a	32.1 a		30.5 a	31.2 a		28.5 a	30.1 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.25	32.2 a	32.1 a		31.5 a	31.1 a		29.2 a	30.0 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.5	31.7 a	34.1 a		31.2 a	33.2 a		30.2 a	32.1 a
Crop⁺	0.5	32.5 a	32.8 a		31.5 a	31.8 a		30.5 a	30.7 a
CV (%)		8.09		8.18			8.67
Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Plant height (cm)
Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Herb.	Check		Herb.	Check		Herb.	Check
Glyphosate	1296	72.4 a	72.1 a		84.9 a	84.9 a		80.8 a	81.7 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.25	70.6 a	72.7 a		86.6 a	86.3 a		84.2 a	82.1 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.5	73.5 a	72.8 a		87.0 a	86.2 a		84.0 a	81.6 a
Glyphosate	2592	75.1 a	73.2 a		86.4 a	88.4 a		83.7 a	84.3 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.25	71.6 b	74.8 a		85.7 a	86.6 a		82.6 a	84.8 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	2592 + 0.5	71.7 a	71.5 a		86.0 a	84.2 a		82.1 a	80.9 a
2 × glyphosate	2 × 1296	72.0 a	73.3 a		84.6 a	83.6 a		85.2 a	82.3 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.25	74.2 a	74.0 a		91.1 a	89.0 a		84.2 a	84.1 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺	2 × 1296 + 0.5	70.3 a	72.7 a		84.2 a	86.1 a		79.6 a	81.4 a
Crop⁺	0.5	71.9 a	71.2 a		87.7 a	87.9 a		84.6 a	81.2 a
CV (%)

Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Mass of 100 grains (g)			Yield (kg·ha^-1)
Treatments	Dose (g or L·ha^-1)	Herb.	Check		Herb.	Check
Glyphosate	1296	15.9 a	16.2 a		3575.6 a	3733.4 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.25	16.4 a	16.6 a		3591.2 a	3795.4 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺	1296 + 0.5	16.1 a	16.0 a		3631.0 a	3739.0 a
Glyphosate	2592	16.6 a	16.4 a		3535.8 a	3752.8 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	2592 + 0.25	16.2 a	16.0 a		3604.1 a	3713.1 a
Glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	2592 + 0.5	16.6 a	16.4 a		3783.4 a	3864.4 a
2 × glyphosate	2 × 1296	16.3 a	16.5 a		3454.0 b	3862.7 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	2 × 1296 + 0.25	16.2 a	16.4 a		3620.0 a	3785.0 a
2 × glyphosate + Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	2 × 1296 + 0.5	16.4 a	16.6 a		3630.9 a	3803.3 a
Crop⁺ + = tank mixture. Commercial formula of glyphosate utilized = Roundup Transorb: 648 g·L-1 of glyphosate, equivalent to 480 g·L-1 of acid equivalent.	0.5	16.1 a	16.00 a		3746.5 a	3546.2 a
CV (%)		3.43		7.81

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[1] *Corresponding author: guilhermebrag@gmail.com