ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to compare techniques for the in-vitro evaluation of the effect of herbicides onBacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Btk). The herbicides sulfentrazone, lactofen, imazethapyr, fenoxaprop and metribuzin were tested at two concentrations, on cells and spores, in nutrient agar (NA) solid medium (SM), and in nutrient broth (NB) liquid medium (LM), in addition to their metabolization (MT) by Btk. For cells, the fungicides in NA were tested incorporated into the medium and on filter-paper disks impregnated with the products. Evaluation was made, respectively, of the number of colony-unit formers per milliliter CFU.mL-1 and of the formation of an inhibition halo. For cells, the Btk + products + NB mixture was incubated in Erlenmeyer flasks (30 ± 2° C, 150rpm, 24h) and then the NB was diluted and inoculated onto NA, followed by evaluation of the number of CFU.mL-1. The MT and spore tests were performed in liquid medium (water for MT and NB for spores). The effects of the products varied with their concentration, the evaluation technique used and the developmental stage of the microorganism. The LM evaluation technique proved to be the best for evaluating the effect of herbicides on Btk cells, as it did not show any diffusion limitations and it also allowed for quantification. The herbicides, regardless of their concentration, were incompatible with the cells, although sulfetrazone and imazethapyr were metabolized by Btk. All herbicides were compatible with the spores, allowing for germination, but the concentration and time influenced the results.
KEY WORDS
Entomopathogenic bacteria; selectivity; compatibility