The frequency of antibodies against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDv) was studied in a dairy herd of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Blood serum samples from 920 cows not vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) were analyzed through the indirect ELISA method. The study was carried out on 92 dairy farms from 23 districts located in the regions of Açailândia, Bacabal, São Luiz Island, Imperatriz, and Pedreiras. The serum samples were collected from cows with or without BVDV infection symptoms and classified according to age (> 3 years, 3-7 years, and > 7 years old). An epidemiological questionnaire was applied during sample collection to elucidate the factors which could be associated with the infection. From the 920 serum samples analyzed, 65.66% (n = 604) were reagent. The antibody frequency obtained was 67.5%, 53.57%, 80%, 63.75%, and 74%, for São Luiz Island, Imperatriz, Açailândia, Pedreiras and Bacabal, respectively. In the 23 districts studied, serologically positive cows were found on 94.57% of the farms. From the variables considered as risk factors for BVDv infection, the presence of swine, lack of veterinary assistance, use of natural breeding or natural breeding with artificial insemination, and diarrhea were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for association with BVDv serum-positivity. The results obtained demonstrate high levels of BVDv occurrence in the dairy cattle population of Maranhão.
BVD; BVDv; antibodies; ELISA; dairy cows