Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXV - deficiência de macronutrientes e de boro em espinafre (Tetragonia expansa Murr.)

Mineral nutrition of vegetable crops: XXV - Mineral nutrition of new zealand spinach plant (Tetragonia expansa Murr.)

Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XXV - deficiência de macronutrientes e de boro em espinafre (Tetragonia expansa Murr.)^*

Mineral nutrition of vegetable crops. XXV - Mineral nutrition of new zealand spinach plant (Tetragonia expansa Murr.)

M. do Carmo Thomaz^I; H.P. Haag^II; G.D. de Oliveira^II; J.R. Sarruge^II

^IFaculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará, Belém, Pará

^IIDepartamento de Química, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba, SP

RESUMO

O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar alguns aspectos da nutrição mineral do espinafre (Tetragonia expansa Murr.) no que concerne:

1 - Efeitos da omissão dos macronutrientes e do boro, na obtenção de um quadro sintomatológico;

2 - Efeitos das carências na produção de matéria seca e composição química da planta.

Mudas com trinta dias de idade foram transplantadas para soluções nutritivas carentes nos macronutrientes e/ou em boro. A coleta das plantas foi realizada quando os sintomas de deficiência se tornaram evidentes. No material seco procedeu-se a análise química. Os dados mostram que:

1 - os sintomas visuais de deficiência de N, K, Ca e B apresentam-se bem definidos; sendo que os de P, Mg e S são de difícil caracterização ;

2 - os teores dos nutrientes em plantas sadias e deficientes são:

SUMMARY

The present work was carried out in order to study:

a - the effect of omission and presence of the macronutrients and boron on the growth of the plants;

b - deficiency symptoms of macronutrients, as well of boron;

c - the effect of the deficiency of each nutrient on the chemical composition of the plants.

Young spinach plants were grown in pots containing pure quartz sand. Several times a day the plants were irrigated by percolation with nutrient solutions. The treatments were: complete solution and deficient solution, in which each one of the macronutrients was omitted as well boron. Soon as the malnutrition symptoms appered, the plants were harvested and analysed chemically.

- symptoms of malnutrition are easily observed for N, K, Ca and B.

- symptoms of malnutrition for P, S and Mg are not easily identified.

- the nutrient content, in dry matter, in deficient leaves and healthy leaves is:

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 28/7/1975.

• BARKER, A.V. & MAYNARD, D.N., 1971. Nutritional factors affecting nitrate accumulation in spinach. Comm. Soil Sci. PI. Anal. 2(6):471-478.
• BEAR, F.E. & TOTH, S.J., 1948. Influence of calcium on availability of other soil cations. Soil Sci., 65:69-74.
• BEAUMONT, A.B. & SNELL, M.E., 1935. The effect of magnesium deficiency on crop plants. J. Agric. Res., 50:553-562.
• BEEVERS, L. & HAGEMAN, R.H., 1969. Nitrate reduction in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol, 20:495-522.
• BIDDULPH,O., CORY, R. & BIDDULPH, S., 1956. The absorption and translocation of sulfur in red kidney bean. Pl. Physiol., 31:28-33.
• BINGHAM, F.T., 1966. Phosphorus, pp. 324-361. IN: H.D. Chapman (ed.). Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils. Univ. California, Berkeley, California.
• BOTTRILL, D.E., POSSINGHAM, J.V. & KRIEDEMANN, P.E., 1970. The effect of nutrient deficiencies on photosynthesis and respiration in spinach. Pl. Soil, 32:424-438.
• BRADFORD, G.B., 1966. Boron, pp. 33-61. IN: H.D. Chapman (ed.). Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils. Univ. California, Berkeley, California.
• BRENCHLEY, W.W. & WARRINGTON, K., 1927. The role of B in the growth plants. Ann. Bot., 41:167.
• BRENNAN, E.G. & SHIVE, J.W., 1948. Effect of calcium and boron nutrition of the tomato on the relation between these elements in the tissues. Soil Sci., 66:65-75.
• BROYER, T.C. & STOUT, P.R., 1959. The macronutrient elements. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol., 10: 277-300.
• BUKOVAC, M.J. & WITTWER, S.H., 1957. Absorption and mobility of foliar applied nutrients. Pl Physiol., 32:428-435.
• BURRIS, R.H., 1959. Nitrogen nutrition. Ann. Rev. Pl Physiol., 10:301-328.
• CHAPMAN, H.D., 1966. Calcium, pp. 65-92. IN :H.D. Chapman (ed.). Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils. Univ. California, Berkeley, California.
• CHAPMAN, H.D. & BROWN, S.M., 1941. The effects of sulfur deficiency on citrus. Hilgardia, 14:185-201.
• CIBES, H. & SAMUELS, G., 1955. Mineral deficience symptoms displayed by coffee trees under controled conditions. Agric. Exp. Sta. Un. PUerto Rico, Rio Piedras. Technical Paper 14(8).
• CIBES, H. & SAMUELS, G., 1957. Minerai deficiency symptoms displayed by tobacco grown in the greenhouse under controled conditions. Agric. Exp. Sta. Univ. Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Technical Paper 23.
• COBRA NETTO, A., ACCORSI, W.R. & MALAVOLTA, E., 1971. Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Roxinho). Anais da E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, 28: 257-274.
• CORREA, M.P., 1931. Diccionário das plantas úteis do Brasil e das exóticas cultivadas. Vol. IIe-583. Ministério da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro.
• COSTA, M.C.B., HAAG, H.P. & SARRUGE, J.R., 1972. Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. Absorção de macro e micro nutrientes pela cultura do quiabeiro (Hibiscus sculentum L.). Anais da E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", 29:109-126.
• DRAKE, M., SIELING, D.H. & SCARSETH, G.D., 1941. Calcium-boron ratio as an important factor in controlling the boron starvation of plants. J. Ann. Soc. Agron., 33(5):454-462.
• EATON, S.V., 1935. Influence of sulfur deficiency on the metabolism of the soybean. Bot. Gaz., 97:68-100.
• EATON, S.V., 1941. Influence of S deficiency on metabolism of the sunflower. Bot. Gaz., 102: 536-556.
• EATON, S.V., 1949. Effects of phosphorus deficiency on growth and metabolism of soybean. Bot. Gaz., 111:427.
• EATON, S.V., 1952. Effects of potassium deficiency on growth and metabolism of tomato. Bot. Gaz., 112:300.
• EMBLETON, T.W , 1966. Magnesium, pp. 225-263. IN: H.D. Chapman (ed.). Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils. Univ. California, Berkeley, California.
• EMMERT, F.H., 1961. The bearing of ion interactions on tissue analysis results. IN: W. Reuther (ed.). Plant analysis and fertilizer problems. Amer. Inst, of Biol. Sci. Washington, D.C.
• EPSTEIN, E., 1972. Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and perspectives. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York.
• FERNANDES, P.D., OLIVEIRA, G.D. de & HAAG, H.P., 1971. Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XIV - Absorção de macronutrientes pela cultura de alface. O Solo, 63(2):7-10.
• FERNANDES, P.D. & HAAG, H.P., 1972. Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XXI - Efeito da omissão dos macronutrientes no crescimento e na composição química do pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Avelar. Anais da E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", 29: 223-235.
• FORSHEY, C.G. & McKEE, M.W., 1970. Effects of potassium deficiency on nitrogen metabolism of fruit plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 95(6):727-729.
• GAUCH, H.G., 1972. Inorganic plant nutrition. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Pensilvania, USA.
• GERALDSON, C.M., KLACAN, G.R. & LORENZ, O.A., 1973. Plant analysis as an aid in fertilizing vegetable crops, pp. 365-380. IN: L.M. Walsh & J.D. Beaton (eds.). Soil testing and plant analysis. Wisconsin, USA.
• GILBERT, F.A., 1951. The place of sulfur in plant nutrition. The Bot. Rev., 17(9):671-691.
• HAAG, H.P., 1958. Efeitos das deficiências e excessos de macronutrientes no crescimento e na composição do cafeeiro (Coffea arábica L. var. Bourbon (B. Roch.) Chouss) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Tese. E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo.
• HAAG, H.P., 1965. Estudos de nutrição mineral da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarurn L. var. CB-76), cultivada em solução nutritiva. Tese. E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo.
• HAAG, H.P. & HOMA, P., 1969. Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. VIII - Deficiências de macronutrientes em cenoura. Anais da E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", 26:131-139.
• HATTA, A. & OGATA, K., 1969. Studies on nitrate and nitrite in horticultural products. I - Nitrate and nitrit contents in spinach and its change during storage and processing. J. Jap. Soc. Fd. Nutr., 22:644-648. Apud Nutr. Abstr., 41:823,1971.
• HEWITT, E.J., 1951. Role of the mineral elements in plant nutrition. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiology, 11:25-52.
• HEWITT, E.J., 1963. The essential nutrient elements: requirements and interactions in plants. IN: F.C. Steward (ed.). Academic Press, New York, New York.
• HOAGLAND, D.R., 1948. Lectures on the inorganic nutrition of plants. 2Ş ed. Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, Massachussets.
• HOAGLAND, D.R. & ARNON, D.I., 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agric. Exp. Sta., California, Circular 347.
• HOHLT, H. & MAYNARD, D.N., 1966. Magnesium nutrition of spinach. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 89:478482.
• HUMBERT, R.P. & MARTIN, J.P., 1955. Nutritional deficiency symptoms in sugarcane. Haw. Plant. Res., 55: 55-102.
• INDEN, E., MISAWA, C. & TAKEI, A., 1958. Potassium requirement of vegetable crops. Potassium Symposium (Tokyo), 60-75. Apud Hort. Abstr., 31:798,1961.
• JACOB, A., 1958. Magnesium: The fifth major. Staples Press, London.
• JACOBSON, L., 1951. Maintenance of Fe supply. Pl. Physiol., 26:411-413.
• JOHNSON, C.M. & ULRICH, A., 1959. Analytical methods for use in plant analysis. California Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull., 766:25-78.
• JONES, H.E. & SCARSETH, G.D., 1944. The calcium-boron balance in plants as related to boron needs. Soil Sci., 57:15-24.
• JONES, W.W., 1966. Nitrogen, pp. 310-323. IN: H.D. Chapman (ed.). Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils. Univ. California, Berkeley, California.
• LEE, C.Y., SHALLENBERGER, R.S. & DOWNING, D.L., 1971. Nitrate and nitrite nitrogen in fresh stored and processed table beets and spinach from different levels of field nitrogen fertilization. J. Sci. Fd. Agric, 22:90-92.
• LUCAS, R.E. & SCARSETH, G.D., 1947. Potassium, calcium and magnesium balance and reciprocal relationship in plants. J. Amer. Soc. Agron., 39:887-897.
• MACHICADO, M. & BOUNION, D., 1961. Effects of K, Mg and Ca deficiences on the intermediary N constituints of cocoa leaves. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 77:231-235.
• MAJEWSKA, W., 1969. Studies on the need for Mg fertilization in spinach and lettuce. Roczn. Nauk. Rol. Ser., 95:567-587. Apud Hort. Abstr., 41:125, 1971.
• MALAVOLTA, E., 1963. Cultura e adubação do cafeeiro. Inst. Bras. Potass. São Paulo, São Paulo.
• MARSH, R.P. & SHIVE, J.W., 1941. Boron as a factor in the calcium metabolism of the corn plant. Soil Sci., 51:141-151.
• MAYNARD, D.N., 1970. The effects of nutrient stress on the growth and composition of spinach. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 95(5):598-600.
• MAYNARD, D.N. & BARKER, A.V., 1972. Nitrate content of vegetables crops. Hort. Sc., 7(3): 224-226.
• MAYNARD, D,N. & BARKER, A.V., 1974. Nitrate accumulation in spinach as influenced by leaf tupe. J. Amer. Hort. Sci., 99(2):135-138.
• MEDINA, E.H. & SHIVE, J.W., 1946. Calcium-boron relationship in the nutrition of corn and the distribution of these elements in the plants. J. Agric. Univ. Porto Rico, 30:255-289.
• MINARIK, C.E. & SHIVE, J.W., 1939. The effect of boron in the substrate on calcium accumulation by soybean plants. Amer. J. Bot., 26(10):827-831.
• MUHR, G.R., 1942. Plant symptoms of boron deficiency and effects of borax on the yield and chemical several crops. Soil Sci., 54:55.
• NASON, A. & McELROY, W.D., 1963. Modes of action of the essential mineral elements, pp. 363-431. IN: F.C. Steward (ed.). Plant Physiology, Vol. III. New York, New York.
• NEAS, I., 1953. Sulfur nutrition in blue-curred tobacis. Agron. J., 45(10):472.
• NIGHTINGALE, G.T., SCHERMERHORN, L.G. & ROBBINS, W.R., 1932. Effects of sulfur deficiency on metabolism in tomato. PI. Physiology, 7: 565-595.
• NIGHTINGALE, G.T., ADDOMS, R.M., ROBBINS, W.R. & SCHERMERHON, L.G., 1931. Effect of Ca deficiency on nitrate absorption and metabolism in tomato. Pl. Physiol., 6:605-630.
• OBERSTREET, R., JACOBSON, L. & HANDLEY, R., 1952. The effects of Can on the absorption of K by barley. Plant. Physiol., 27:583.
• PHILLIPS, W.E.J., 1968. Changes in the nitrate and nitrite contents of fresh and processed spinach during storage. J. Agr. Chem., 16(1):88-91.
• PIMENTEL GOMES, F., 1973. Curso de Estatística Experimental. Piracicaba, SP. 5Ş ed. Livraria Nobel, São Paulo, São Paulo.
• PURVIS, E.R. & HANNA, W.J., 1940. Vegetable crops affected by boron deficiency in eastern Virginia. Virg. Truck. Crop. Exp. Sta. Bulletin 105:1719-1742.
• REEVE, E. & SHIVE, J.W., 1944. Potassium-boron and calcium-boron relationships in plant nutrition. Soil Sci., 57:1-14.
• RICHARDS, E.J. & BERNER, E., 1954. Physiological studies in plant nutrition. XVII. A general survey of the free aminoacids of barley as affected by mineral nutrition with special reference to potassium supply. Ann. J. Bot., 18:15.
• SARRUGE, J.R., 1968. Estudos sobre as relações cálcio-boro e potássio-boro no cafeeiro (Coffea arábica L., var. Mundo Novo). Tese. E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo.
• SARRUGE, J.R., 1970. Práticas de nutrição e adubação das plantas cultivadas (mimeogr.). Depto. de Química, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo.
• SARRUGE, J.R. & HAAG, H.P., 1974. Análises químicas em plantas. Depto. de Química, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo.
• SKINNER, J.J. & PURVIS, E.R., 1949. Plant-nutrient deficiencies in vegetable or truck crops, pp. 1971-2214. IN: E.F. Bear (ed.). Hunger signs in crops: a symposium. 2Ş ed. Washington, USA.
• SKOY, Y., 1941. Effet of the form of the available N on the Ca deficiency symptoms in the bean plants. Pl. Physiol., 16:145-159.
• SUGAWARA, T., 1965. Magnesium deficiency of cultivated plants in Amazon region. Bull. Coll. Agr. Utsunomiya Univ., 6(2):7-12.
• THOMAZ, M.D., HENDRICKS, R.H. & HILL, G.R., 1950. Sulfur content of vegetation. Soil Sci, 70(1):9-17.
• TRUOG, E., GOATES, R.J., GERLOFF, G.C. & BERGER, K.C., 1947. Magnesium-phosphorus relationship in plant nutrition. Soil Sci., 63:19-25.
• TUCKER, T.C. & SMITH, F.W., 1952. The influence of applied boron, magnesium and potassium on the growth and chemical composition of red clover under greenhouse conditions. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc, 16(3):252:255.
• ULRICH, A. & OHKI, K., 1966. Potassium, pp. 362-393. IN:H.D. Chapman (ed.). Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils. Univ. California, Berkeley, California.
• VILLALOBOS-DOMINGUS & VILLALOBOS., 1947. Atlas de las colores. Libreria El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• VILLAR, H.S.D., 1962. Subsídio para o estudo da vitamina C nas frutas e legumes vendáveis em Luanda. Agron. Angolana, 14:35-45.
• WALL, M.E., 1939. The role of K in plants. I. Effects of varying amounts of potassium on nitrogenous, carbohydrate, and mineral metabolism in the tomato plant. Soil Sci., 47:143.
• WOLF, B. & ICHISAKA, V., 1947. Rapid chemical soil and plant tests. Soil Sci., 64:227-244.
• WOODBRIDGE, C.G., 1955. Magnesium deficiency in apples in British Columbia. Canadian J. Agr.Sci., 35:350-357.
• ZINK, F.W., 1965. Growth and nutrient absorption in spring spinach. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 87:380-386.

*

Parte da dissertação apresentada pelo primeiro autor para obtenção do grau de Mestre pela USP. Apresentado no I Congresso da Sociedade de Olericultura do Brasil, 20 a 26/7/75, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  30 Maio 2012
• Data do Fascículo
  1975