Extração de macronutrientes pela soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) em função dos níveis de NPK

Absorption of macronutrients by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) as a function of fertilization with n, p and k

Resumos

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido visando atingir os seguintes objetivos: 1. quantidade de nutrientes extraídos pelas diversas partes da planta; 2. quantidade exportada pela produção. Foi instalado em fatorial 3³ com três repetições em solo da série Guamium em Piracicaba, SP, usando-se a cultivar IAC-2 de hábito de crescimento indeterminado. Foram aplicados no sulco: 0, 20 e 40 kg de N por ha; 0, 60 e 120 kg de p2O5 por ha, e 0, 30 e 60 kg de K2O por ha. Foram colhidas amostras de plantas, em intervalos de 21 dias, a partir da emergência, até a queda parcial das folhas (105 dias) e analisadas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Os grãos, também foram analisados para os elementos citados. O período de maior velocidade da absorção dos nutrientes pelas folhas e caules esta entre 44 a 58 dias de idade para as folhas e entre 55-76 dias para os caules. As quantidades de nutrientes extraídos foram afetados pelas partes da planta, com exceção de N e Mg e pelas doses de P aplicados. O acumulo de N, P, K e Mg nos grãos foi afetado somente pelas doses de P aplicados. O acúmulo de Ca e S nos grãos não sofreu influência da adubação NPK.

This study was conducted with the objetives of determing the rate of macronutrient absorption considering the following items: . periods of greatest need for macronutrient nutrition; . amount of macronutrients accumulated in the different parts of the plant; . amount of macronutrients exported in seeds. A 3³ factorial experiment with three replications was used in this study. The experimental area was located at Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The soil belongs to the Guamium series. IAC-2, an indeterminate soybean cultivar, was used. N, P and K were applied in the rows at the levels of 0, 20 and 40 kg/ha (N), 0, 60 and 120 kg/ha (p2o5), and 0, 30 and 60 kg/ha (k2o). Plant samples were taken at 21-day intervals starting at emergence and continuing until partial fall of the leaves (105 days after emergence). The several plants were analysed for macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S). At maturity, seeds from each plant were harvested and analysed for macronutrients. The following conclusions were drawn: . The period of highest rate of absorption of the nutrients by leaves and stems occurred between 44 and 55 days of age for the leaves, and between 55 and 76 days for stems. The amounts of nutrients removed, with exception of N and Mg, were affected by the levels of phosphorus applied to the soil; with exception of N and Mg, the nutrient contents varied according to plant parts; . The accumulation of N, P, K and Mg in the soybean seeds was influenced only by the levels of phosphorus applied to the soil. The accumulation of Ca and S in the seeds was not affected by the levels of N, P, and K. The removal of nutrients through harvest was influenced only by the effects of the treatments on yield of seeds.

Extração de macronutrientes pela soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) em função dos níveis de NPK^*

Absorption of macronutrients by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) as a function of fertilization with n, p and k

Daltro Silva Cordeiro^I; José Renato Sarruge^II; Henrique Paulo Haag^II; Gilberto Diniz de Oliveira^II; Ronaldo Ivan Silveira^III

^ICentro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, Londrina, PR

^IIDepartamento de Química, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP

^IIIDepartamento de Solos, Geologia e Fertilizantes, E.S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP

RESUMO

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido visando atingir os seguintes objetivos:

1. quantidade de nutrientes extraídos pelas diversas partes da planta;

2. quantidade exportada pela produção.

Foi instalado em fatorial 3³ com três repetições em solo da série Guamium em Piracicaba, SP, usando-se a cultivar IAC-2 de hábito de crescimento indeterminado. Foram aplicados no sulco: 0, 20 e 40 kg de N por ha; 0, 60 e 120 kg de p₂O₅ por ha, e 0, 30 e 60 kg de K₂O por ha. Foram colhidas amostras de plantas, em intervalos de 21 dias, a partir da emergência, até a queda parcial das folhas (105 dias) e analisadas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Os grãos, também foram analisados para os elementos citados.

O período de maior velocidade da absorção dos nutrientes pelas folhas e caules esta entre 44 a 58 dias de idade para as folhas e entre 55-76 dias para os caules. As quantidades de nutrientes extraídos foram afetados pelas partes da planta, com exceção de N e Mg e pelas doses de P aplicados. O acumulo de N, P, K e Mg nos grãos foi afetado somente pelas doses de P aplicados. O acúmulo de Ca e S nos grãos não sofreu influência da adubação NPK.

SUMMARY

This study was conducted with the objetives of determing the rate of macronutrient absorption considering the following items:

. periods of greatest need for macronutrient nutrition;

. amount of macronutrients accumulated in the different parts of the plant;

. amount of macronutrients exported in seeds.

A 3³ factorial experiment with three replications was used in this study. The experimental area was located at Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The soil belongs to the Guamium series. IAC-2, an indeterminate soybean cultivar, was used. N, P and K were applied in the rows at the levels of 0, 20 and 40 kg/ha (N), 0, 60 and 120 kg/ha (p₂o₅), and 0, 30 and 60 kg/ha (k₂o). Plant samples were taken at 21-day intervals starting at emergence and continuing until partial fall of the leaves (105 days after emergence). The several plants were analysed for macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S). At maturity, seeds from each plant were harvested and analysed for macronutrients.

The following conclusions were drawn:

. The period of highest rate of absorption of the nutrients by leaves and stems occurred between 44 and 55 days of age for the leaves, and between 55 and 76 days for stems. The amounts of nutrients removed, with exception of N and Mg, were affected by the levels of phosphorus applied to the soil; with exception of N and Mg, the nutrient contents varied according to plant parts;

. The accumulation of N, P, K and Mg in the soybean seeds was influenced only by the levels of phosphorus applied to the soil. The accumulation of Ca and S in the seeds was not affected by the levels of N, P, and K. The removal of nutrients through harvest was influenced only by the effects of the treatments on yield of seeds.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 27.11.1979.

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*

Parte da tese de Doutoramento do primeiro autor, apresentada à E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  11 Maio 2012
• Data do Fascículo
  1979