Localização do adubo em relação à semente (I)

Coury, Tufi; Malavolta, Eurípedes

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761953000100005

Resumo

The authors discuss in the introduction the literature about the distribution and placemement of fertilizers in agricultural experiments in U.S.A. in such crops as cotton, corn, potato, beans and some vegetables. An experiment was carried out with corn in a randomized block with 7 treatments, and 4 repetitions. The plots were 11,2m wide by 10m long. The 7 treatments were the following: one broadcast, 3 applications of fertilizer in hills and 3 in rows. In the latter six treatments application in rows or hills was combined with applications in three different depths: below the seeds without mixing the soil, below the seeds but with mixing of the soil, and above the seeds without mixing the soil. The variation between treatments was significant, and the best treatment was the application of fertilizer in hill, below the seeds and with mixing of the soil. The most unfavorable was application in rows above the seed without mixing of the soil. The second best treatment was the application by broadcasting the fertilizer, with mixing the fertilizer and soil by hoeing. New experiments will be carried out, applying the fertilizer in two rows, parallel on each side to the seed row, at three depths: above, below and level with seeds planted. In their discussion the authors stress the need for more experimentation on the methods of applying fertilizers not only to corn plants, but with respect to all main crops and diferent types of soils.

Localização do adubo em relação à semente (I)^* * Trabalho apresentado à IV Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência. - Realizada em Novembro de 1952 em Porto Alegre. Química do solo e adubos (Simpósio)

Tufi Coury; Eurípedes Malavolta

Engenheiros Agrônomos. Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Universidade de São Paulo - Piracicaba

ABSTRACT

The authors discuss in the introduction the literature about the distribution and placemement of fertilizers in agricultural experiments in U.S.A. in such crops as cotton, corn, potato, beans and some vegetables.

An experiment was carried out with corn in a randomized block with 7 treatments, and 4 repetitions. The plots were 11,2m wide by 10m long. The 7 treatments were the following: one broadcast, 3 applications of fertilizer in hills and 3 in rows. In the latter six treatments application in rows or hills was combined with applications in three different depths: below the seeds without mixing the soil, below the seeds but with mixing of the soil, and above the seeds without mixing the soil.

The variation between treatments was significant, and the best treatment was the application of fertilizer in hill, below the seeds and with mixing of the soil. The most unfavorable was application in rows above the seed without mixing of the soil. The second best treatment was the application by broadcasting the fertilizer, with mixing the fertilizer and soil by hoeing.

New experiments will be carried out, applying the fertilizer in two rows, parallel on each side to the seed row, at three depths: above, below and level with seeds planted.

In their discussion the authors stress the need for more experimentation on the methods of applying fertilizers not only to corn plants, but with respect to all main crops and diferent types of soils.

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LITERATURA CITADA

BLEDSOE, R. P. 1929 - Cotton fertilizers and cultural methods. Ga. Expt. Sta. Bull. 152.
BROWN, B. E. 1936 - Fertilizer placement studies with potatoes in 1936. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 12: 60-61. (Mimeografado).
BUSHNELL, John. 1933 - Symptoms of fertilizer injury to potatoes. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 25 : 397-407.
COE, Dana G. 1926 - The effects of various methods of applying fertilizers on crop yields. Soil Sci. 21: 127-141.
COLLINGS, Gilbeart H. 1947 - Commercial fertilizers their sources and use, Fourth Edition, The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia - Toranto.
COLLINS, E. R. 1939 - The application of fertilizers to Southern Crops. Com. Fert. July, 20.
CUMINGS, G. A., A. L. Mehring, J. J. Skinner and Ward H. Sachs. 1933 - Mechanical application of fertilizers to cotton in south Carolina, 1931. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 264.
CUMINGS, GLENN A. 1947 - New fertilizer machines. In Science in farming, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Yearbook 1943-1947.
DULEY, F. L. 1930 - Methods of applying fertilizers to wheat. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 22: 515-521.
GUSTAFSON, A. F. 1948 - Using and managing soils, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York and London.
HALL, E. E. and F. M. Harrel. 1936 - Cotton production studies. An Rept., South Car. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept.
HARPER, Horace J. 1925 - A study of the secondary effects of hill fertilization studies on the utilization of the phosphorus in acid phosphate by corn. Soil Sci. 24: 9-15.
HARPER, Horace J., W. G. Baker, Bryan Boatman and J. L. Boatman. 1927 - Hill fertilization studies on the utilization of the phosphorus in acid phosphate by corn. Soil Sci. 24: 9-15.
JONES, RANDALL J. and Howard T. Rogers. 1949 - New fertilizers and fertilizer practices. In Advances in Agronomy, Vol. I, Edited by A. G. Norman, Academic Press Inc., Publishers, New York.
MALAVOLTA, E. 1951 - Apontamentos de Química Agrícola. Esc. Sup. Agric. "Luiz de Queiroz", U. S. Paulo.
MC CLURE, J. T. 1931 - Should fertilizer on wheat be applied before seeding or with seed. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. (Ann. Rept. 49) Bull. 470: 35.
MILLAR, C. E. 1922 - Hill fertilization of corn. Mich. Agr Expt. Sta. Quart. Bull. 5: 69-73.
MILAR, C. E. and L. M. Turk. 1943 - Fundamentals of soil science. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
ROGERS, W. B. 1932 - Experiments on rates and time of applying sodium nitrate. S. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 283.
SARTER, Rooert M. 1932 - Further fertilizer hand placement experiments with corn. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 8: 78-80. (Mimeografado).
_______ 1938 - Methods of applying fertilizers. In Soils and men, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Yearbook 1938.
SAYRE, Charles B. 1934 - Fertilizer placement for vegetable crops. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 10: 52-54. (Mi-meoraf ado).
SAYRE, Charles B. and Arthur W. Clark. 1955 - Rates of solution and movement of different fertilizers in the soil and the effect of the fertilizers on the germination and root development of beans. N. Y. State Agr. Expt. Sta. Tec. Bull. 231.
SAYRE, CHARLES B. 1935 - Effect of fertilizer placement on yield. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 11: 81-82. (Mimeografado).
SAYRE, Charles B. and G. H. Cumings. 1936 - Fertilizer placement experiments with vegetables at Geneva, New York Discussion of 1936 results. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appli. Proc. 12 39-44. (Mimeografado).
SCHREINER, Oswald and J. J. Skinner. 1912 -Nitrogenous soil constitents and their bearing on soil fertility. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Soils Bull. 87.
SMITH, Frederick B. 1927 - Some effects of method of application of fertilizers on corn and soils. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bull. 104.
TRUOG, E., H. J. Harper, O. Magistad, F. W. Parker and James Sykora. 1925 - Fertilizer experiments: method of application and effect on germination, early, growth, hardiness, root growth, lodging, maturity quality and yield. Wis. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bull. 65.
WIANCKO, A. T. and S. R. Miles. 1936 - Hill versus row application of fertilizer for corn, 1936 and five-year average, 1932-1936, at Lafayette, Indiana, Soil types: Crosby and Brookston silt loams. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 12: 51. (Mimeografado).
WILLIAMSON, J. T. and M. J. Funchess. 1923 - Fertilizer experiments with cotton. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 219.
ZIMMERLEY, H. H., M. M. Parker and G. A. Cumings. 1935 - Discussion of machine fertilizer placement experiment in Virginia. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 11: 73-80. (Mimeografado).

*

Trabalho apresentado à IV Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência. - Realizada em Novembro de 1952 em Porto Alegre. Química do solo e adubos (Simpósio)

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
01 Nov 2012
Data do Fascículo
1953

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BLEDSOE, R. P. 1929 - Cotton fertilizers and cultural methods. Ga. Expt. Sta. Bull. 152.

[2] BROWN, B. E. 1936 - Fertilizer placement studies with potatoes in 1936. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 12: 60-61. (Mimeografado).

[3] BUSHNELL, John. 1933 - Symptoms of fertilizer injury to potatoes. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 25 : 397-407.

[4] COE, Dana G. 1926 - The effects of various methods of applying fertilizers on crop yields. Soil Sci. 21: 127-141.

[5] COLLINGS, Gilbeart H. 1947 - Commercial fertilizers their sources and use, Fourth Edition, The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia - Toranto.

[6] COLLINS, E. R. 1939 - The application of fertilizers to Southern Crops. Com. Fert. July, 20.

[7] CUMINGS, G. A., A. L. Mehring, J. J. Skinner and Ward H. Sachs. 1933 - Mechanical application of fertilizers to cotton in south Carolina, 1931. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 264.

[8] CUMINGS, GLENN A. 1947 - New fertilizer machines. In Science in farming, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Yearbook 1943-1947.

[9] DULEY, F. L. 1930 - Methods of applying fertilizers to wheat. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 22: 515-521.

[10] GUSTAFSON, A. F. 1948 - Using and managing soils, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York and London.

[11] HALL, E. E. and F. M. Harrel. 1936 - Cotton production studies. An Rept., South Car. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept.

[12] HARPER, Horace J. 1925 - A study of the secondary effects of hill fertilization studies on the utilization of the phosphorus in acid phosphate by corn. Soil Sci. 24: 9-15.

[13] HARPER, Horace J., W. G. Baker, Bryan Boatman and J. L. Boatman. 1927 - Hill fertilization studies on the utilization of the phosphorus in acid phosphate by corn. Soil Sci. 24: 9-15.

[14] JONES, RANDALL J. and Howard T. Rogers. 1949 - New fertilizers and fertilizer practices. In Advances in Agronomy, Vol. I, Edited by A. G. Norman, Academic Press Inc., Publishers, New York.

[15] MALAVOLTA, E. 1951 - Apontamentos de Química Agrícola. Esc. Sup. Agric. "Luiz de Queiroz", U. S. Paulo.

[16] MC CLURE, J. T. 1931 - Should fertilizer on wheat be applied before seeding or with seed. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. (Ann. Rept. 49) Bull. 470: 35.

[17] MILLAR, C. E. 1922 - Hill fertilization of corn. Mich. Agr Expt. Sta. Quart. Bull. 5: 69-73.

[18] MILAR, C. E. and L. M. Turk. 1943 - Fundamentals of soil science. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.

[19] ROGERS, W. B. 1932 - Experiments on rates and time of applying sodium nitrate. S. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 283.

[20] SARTER, Rooert M. 1932 - Further fertilizer hand placement experiments with corn. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 8: 78-80. (Mimeografado).

[21] _______ 1938 - Methods of applying fertilizers. In Soils and men, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Yearbook 1938.

[22] SAYRE, Charles B. 1934 - Fertilizer placement for vegetable crops. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 10: 52-54. (Mi-meoraf ado).

[23] SAYRE, Charles B. and Arthur W. Clark. 1955 - Rates of solution and movement of different fertilizers in the soil and the effect of the fertilizers on the germination and root development of beans. N. Y. State Agr. Expt. Sta. Tec. Bull. 231.

[24] SAYRE, CHARLES B. 1935 - Effect of fertilizer placement on yield. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 11: 81-82. (Mimeografado).

[25] SAYRE, Charles B. and G. H. Cumings. 1936 - Fertilizer placement experiments with vegetables at Geneva, New York Discussion of 1936 results. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appli. Proc. 12 39-44. (Mimeografado).

[26] SCHREINER, Oswald and J. J. Skinner. 1912 -Nitrogenous soil constitents and their bearing on soil fertility. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Soils Bull. 87.

[27] SMITH, Frederick B. 1927 - Some effects of method of application of fertilizers on corn and soils. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bull. 104.

[28] TRUOG, E., H. J. Harper, O. Magistad, F. W. Parker and James Sykora. 1925 - Fertilizer experiments: method of application and effect on germination, early, growth, hardiness, root growth, lodging, maturity quality and yield. Wis. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bull. 65.

[29] WIANCKO, A. T. and S. R. Miles. 1936 - Hill versus row application of fertilizer for corn, 1936 and five-year average, 1932-1936, at Lafayette, Indiana, Soil types: Crosby and Brookston silt loams. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 12: 51. (Mimeografado).

[30] WILLIAMSON, J. T. and M. J. Funchess. 1923 - Fertilizer experiments with cotton. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 219.

[31] ZIMMERLEY, H. H., M. M. Parker and G. A. Cumings. 1935 - Discussion of machine fertilizer placement experiment in Virginia. Natl. Joint Com. Fert. Appl. Proc. 11: 73-80. (Mimeografado).