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Características morfológicas dos Grãos de Polem das principais Plantas Apícolas

This paper deals with the studies of pollen grain characters from 78 honey plants, belonging to 68 genera of 28 families, three of them belonging to the class of Monocotyledons and 25 to the class of Dicotyledons. Pollen grains of 72 species were collected directly from fresh material (flowers opening in laboratory). Pollen of the six species were collected from herbarium material. All pollen grains were treated by acetolysis method and mounted in glycerine jelly stainde with basic Fuchsine. Zeiss microscope was used in examen and for mensuration. Ten grains were measured (five in equatorial view and five in polar view and five in polar view). This number was considerated satisfactory according to preliminar statistical: analysis of variance. For each species was determinde the average and standard error and coefficient of variability of mensuration of equatorial and polar diameter. FAEGRI & IVERSEN'S master key of-pollen grains was used. According to it ten groups of pollen grains were obtained as following: Polyades, Tetrads, Inaperturate, Fenestrate, Stephanocolpate, Tricolpate, Monocolpate, Stephanocolporate, Tricolporate, Periporate, Stephanoporate, Triporate, Monoporate. Grains of each were separated using other characters like sculpture of exine, size of grain, polar area, width of furrow, type and number of spines, etc. This made possible to organize a key for using the pollen grains to identify the species of honey plants studied. The results showed that most for all species of honey plants belong to tricolporate type. This type occurs in high dicotyledon families like: Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, L.abiatae, .Verbenaceae, Myrtaceae. Leguminosae (Caesalpinoideae and Papilionoideae) and Cruciferae. It was also found that, in some families the size of pollen grains of diferent species were more or less uniform, and in others they were not. The spines were more commum in families like Compositae, Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae. Pollen grains in Myrtaceae were easily identified by its uniform characters. The characters of width of the meridional furrow related with the width of inter-furrow were used as a worthy characteristic to identify pollen grains.


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