| Palermo et al. (2424 Palermo A, Jacques R, Gossiel F, Reid DM, Roux C, Felsenberg D, et al. Normocalcaemic hypoparathyroidism: Prevalence and effect on bone status in older women. The OPUS study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;82(6):816-23.) |
2677 community dwelling women investigated for a bone imaging study [The Osteoporosis and Ultrasound Study (OPUS), United Kingdom, France, Germany] |
0.1% (Baseline)
0.0% (Follow-up) |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium on at least two occasions; exclusion of renal failure (GFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL); medication effect not excluded |
| Schini et al. (2626 Schini M, Jacques RM, Oakes E, Peel NFA, Walsh JS, Eastell R. Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism: Study of its prevalence and natural history. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(4):E1171-86.) |
6,280 men and women referred for bone density testing (United Kingdom) |
0.2% |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium on at least two occasions; exclusion of renal failure (GFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) |
| Wu and Anpalahan (2727 Wu K, Anpalahan M. Normocalcaemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Is nephrolithiasis more common than osteoporosis? Intern Med J. 2021.) |
2,593 men and women from a laboratory database |
0.4% |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium and ionized calcium; exclusion of renal failure (GFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL), medication effect, gastric bypass surgery |
| Cusano et al. (66 Cusano NE, Maalouf NM, Wang PY, Zhang C, Cremers SC, Haney EM, et al. Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism in two community-based nonreferral populations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(7):2734-41.) |
2,364 unselected community dwelling men, age 65 years or older, investigated for fracture risk factors [The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) cohort, United States] |
0.4% |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (GFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL), medication effect |
| Vignali et al. (2828 Vignali E, Cetani F, Chiavistelli S, Meola A, Saponaro F, Centoni R, et al. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: a survey in a small village of Southern Italy. Endocr Connect. 2015;4(3):172-8.) |
685 adult men and women living in a village in Southern Italy (Italy) |
0.4% |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (GFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/mL), medication effect, overt gastrointestinal or metabolic bone diseases |
| Lundgren et al. (2929 Lundgren E, Rastad J, Thurfjell E, Åkerström G, Ljunghall S. Population-based screening for primary hyperparathyroidism with serum calcium and parathyroid hormone values in menopausal women. Surgery. 1997;121(3):287-94.) |
5,202 postmenopausal women age 55 to 75 years attending a population-based mammography screening (Sweden) |
0.5% |
Elevated PTH concentration with normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium and normal ionized calcium on repeat measure; none had history of malabsorption |
| Rosário and Calsolari (3030 Rosário PW, Calsolari MR. Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Adults Without a History of Nephrolithiasis or Fractures: A Prospective Study. Horm Metab Res. 2019;51(4):243-7.) |
676 adults without history of nephrolithiasis or fracture with planned thyroidectomy for thyroid disease (Brazil) |
0.7% (eGFR > 60 mL/min,
25-hydroxyvitamin D > 30 ng/mL)
1.8% (eGFR > 40 mL/min,
25-hydroxyvitamin D > 30 ng/mL)
4.4% (eGFR > 60 mL/min,
25-hydroxyvitamin D > 20 ng/mL)
6.8% (eGFR >40 mL/min,
25-hydroxyvitamin D > 40 ng/mL) |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (GFR < 40 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL), medication effect, malabsorption (by history and measurement of tissue transglutaminase IgA) |
| Kontogeorgos et al. (3131 Kontogeorgos G, Trimpou P, Laine CM, Oleröd G, Lindahl A, Landin-Wilhelmsen K. Normocalcaemic, vitamin D-sufficient hyperparathyroidism - High prevalence and low morbidity in the general population: A long-term follow-up study, the WHO MONICA project, Gothenburg, Sweden. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;83(2):277-84.) |
608 men and women, age 25-64 years, investigated for cardiovascular disease [World Health Organization MONitoring of trends and determinants for Cardiovascular disease project (WHO MONICA)] |
2.0% (Baseline)
0.2% (Follow-up) |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (eGFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL); medication effect not excluded |
| Cusano et al. (66 Cusano NE, Maalouf NM, Wang PY, Zhang C, Cremers SC, Haney EM, et al. Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism in two community-based nonreferral populations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(7):2734-41.) |
3,450 community dwelling men and women, age 18 to 65 years, investigated for cardiovascular disease (Dallas Heart Study cohort, United States) |
3.1% (Baseline)
0.6% (Follow-up) |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (eGFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL), medication effect |
| Berger et al. (3232 Berger C, Almohareb O, Langsetmo L, Hanley DA, Kovacs CS, Josse RG, et al. Characteristics of hyperparathyroid states in the Canadian multicentre osteoporosis study (CaMos) and relationship to skeletal markers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;82(3):359-68.) |
1,872 community dwelling men and women, age 35 and older investigated for fracture risk factors (Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, Canada) |
3.3% |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (eGFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL); medication effect not excluded and majority of patients on diuretic and/or antiresorptive therapy |
| García-Martín et al. (3333 García-Martín A, Reyes-García R, Muñoz-Torres M. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: One-year follow-up in one hundred postmenopausal women. Endocrine. 2012;42(3):764-6.) |
100 healthy, unselected postmenopausal women (Spain) |
6% (Baseline)
6% (Follow-up) |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (creatinine clearance < 70 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/mL) |
| Marques et al. (2525 Marques TF, Vasconcelos R, Diniz E, Rêgo D, Griz L, Bandeira F. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical practice: an indolent condition or a silent threat? Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011;55(5):314-7.) |
156 women referred for osteoporosis screening (Brazil) |
8.9% |
Elevated PTH concentration and normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium; exclusion of renal failure (eGFR < 40 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/mL), history of metabolic bone disease, liver disease, malabsorption syndromes, medication effect |
