Murcia et al., 2011 (2727. Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Iniguez C, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Estarlich M, Plaza B, et al. Effect of Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy on Infant Neurodevelopment at 1 Year of Age. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(7):804-12.) |
Spain <100 μg/day of KI (n = 169) 100-149 μg/day (n = 298) ≥150 μg/day (n = 222) Maternal MUIC: NA |
Study: Cohort CA: 11-16 months GA: < 12th weeks NA |
Bayley Scales 1st ed. (1616. Bayley N. BSID (Escalas Bayley de Desarrollo Infantil). Publicaciones de Psicología Aplicada. 1993;(2).) |
Mild iodine deficiency areas
|
Mental development |
in the KI group (≥150 μg), compared to the KI group (<100 and between 100-149 μg) |
Psychomotor development |
in the KI group (≥150 μg), compared to the KI group (<100 and between 100-149 μg) 5,2 scores and 1,8 odds of a PDI < 85 in the KI group (≥150 μg/day).
|
Rebagliato et al., 2013 (2929. Rebagliato M, Murcia M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Espada M, Fernandez-Somoano A, Lertxundi N, et al. Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy and Infant Neuropsychological Development: INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-53.) |
Spain <100 μg/day of KI 100–149 μg/day ≥150 μg/day Maternal UIC in both group: 102 (71-169) µg/L |
Study: Cohort CA: 12-30 months GA: NA |
Bayley Scales 1st ed. (1616. Bayley N. BSID (Escalas Bayley de Desarrollo Infantil). Publicaciones de Psicología Aplicada. 1993;(2).) |
Mild iodine deficiency areas
|
Mental development |
odds in the KI group (≥150 μg), compared to KI groups (<100 and 100-149 μg)
score in KI group (≥150 μg). |
Psychomotor development |
odds in the KI group (≥150 μg), compared to KI groups (<100 and 100-149μg)
score in KI group (≥150 μg). |
Markhus et al., 2018 (2525. Markhus M, Dahl L, Moe V, Abel M, Brantsæter A, Øyen J, et al. Maternal Iodine Status is Associated with Offspring Language Skills in Infancy and Toddlerhood. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1270.) |
Norway 175 µg/day of KI (n = 155) Placebo (n = 658) 851 pregnant women Maternal UIC: 92 (56-200) µg/L in supplemented group, 77 (50-120) µg/L in control. |
Study: Cohort CA: 6 and 18 months GA: 16-26th week |
Bayley Scales 3rd ed. (1818. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education. 2006.) |
Mild iodine deficiency areas
|
Mental development |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
Psychomotor Development |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
Behavior |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
Verbal IQ (WPPSI – III) |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
Abel et al., 2019 (2828. Abel MH, Brandlistuen RE, Caspersen IH, Aase H, Torheim LE, Meltzer HM, et al. Language delay and poorer school performance in children of mothers with inadequate iodine intake in pregnancy: results from follow-up at 8 years in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(8):3047-58.) |
Oslo, Norway 175 µg/day of KI (n = 14,665) Placebo (n = 24,806) 39,471 pregnant women Maternal UIC: 83 (43-138) µg/L L in supplemented group, 59 (32-101) µg/L in control |
Study: Cohort CA: 36 and 96 months GA: 1-22th week |
CCC-S and CCC-2 (2020. Bishop DVM, Laws G, Adams C, Norbury CF. High Heritability of Speech and Language Impairments in 6-year-old Twins Demonstrated Using Parent and Teacher Report. Behav Genet. 2006;36(2):173-84.,2121. Norbury CF, Nash M, Baird G, Bishop DVM. Using a parental checklist to identify diagnostic groups in children with communication impairment: a validation of the Children’s Communication Checklist – 2. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2004;39(3):345-64.) |
Mild iodine deficiency areas
|
Language skills
|
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
Reading skills
|
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
Writing skills
|
in the treated group compared to the placebo group
|
Mapping test Reading
|
in the treated group compared to the placebo group
|
Mapping test mathematics
|
in the treated group compared to the placebo group
|
Special education
|
in the treated group compared to the placebo group
|
Velasco et al., 2009 (2424. Velasco I, Carreira M, Santiago P, Muela JA, García-Fuentes E, Sánchez-Muñoz B, et al. Effect of Iodine Prophylaxis during Pregnancy on Neurocognitive Development of Children during the First Two Years of Life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(9):3234-41.) |
Spain 300 µg/day of KI (n = 133) Placebo (n = 61) Maternal MUIC: 263.0 ± 120.8 µg/L in supplementation, in control: 87.6 ± 62.1 µg/L |
Study: Non-randomized controlled trial CA: 3-18 months GA: 8th to 12th week until lactation |
Bayley Scales 2nd ed. (1717. Bayley N. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1969.) |
Mild to Moderate iodine deficiency areas
|
Mental development |
in the treated group, compared to the control group. |
Psychomotor Development |
in the treated group, compared to the control group.
|
Behavior |
in the treated group, compared to the control group.
|
Santiago et al., 2013 (2626. Santiago P, Velasco I, Muela JA, Sánchez B, Martínez J, Rodriguez A, et al. Infant neurocognitive development is independent of the use of iodised salt or iodine supplements given during pregnancy. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(5):831-9.) |
Spain Iodized salt (n = 38) 200 µg of KI (n = 55) 300 µg (n = 38) Maternal MUIC: NA |
Study: Randomized controlled trial |
Bayley Scales 3rd ed. (1818. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education. 2006.) |
Mild iodine deficiency areas
|
Mental development |
in the control group, compared to the KI group (200 μg), compared to 300 |
CA: 6-18 months GA: 10th week |
Psychomotor Development |
in the control group, compared to the KI group (200 μg), compared to 300 |
Zhou et al, 2015 (3131. Zhou SJ, Skeaff SA, Ryan P, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, Kornman L, et al. The effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on early childhood neurodevelopment and clinical outcomes: results of an aborted randomised placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16(1):563.) |
New Zealand and Australia 150 μg/day KI (n = 27) Placebo (n = 26) Maternal MUIC: 200 µg/L in supplementation and 150 µg/L in control |
Study: Randomized controlled trial CA: 18 months GA: 20th week |
Bayley Scales 3rd ed. (1818. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education. 2006.) |
Mild to Moderate iodine deficiency areas
|
Mental development |
in the placebo group, compared to the treated group. |
Psychomotor Development |
in the placebo group, compared to the treated group. |
Behavior |
in the placebo group, compared to the treated group. |
Gowachirapant et al., 2017 (3030. Gowachirapant S, Jaiswal N, Melse-Boonstra A, Galetti V, Stinca S, Mackenzie I, et al. Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(11):853-63.) |
Thailand and India 200 µg/day of KI (n = 303) Placebo (n = 312) 832 pregnant women (T0) Maternal MUIC: NA |
Study: Randomized controlled trial CA: 12 and 24 months GA: 14th week CA: 60 and 72 months GA: 14th week |
Bayley Scales 3rd ed. (1818. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education. 2006.) |
Mild iodine deficiency areas
|
Mental development |
in the placebo group, compared to the treated group
|
Psychomotor Development |
between groups |
Behavior |
between groups |
Sound response time (T). |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group
|
Verbal IQ (WPPSI – III) |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
IQ performance (WPPSI – III) |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |
IQ reasoning (WPPSI – III) |
in the treated group compared to the placebo group |