Spectrographic classification of the vocal signal: relation with laryngeal diagnosis and auditory-perceptual analysis

Lopes, Leonardo Wanderley; Silva, Itacely Marinho da; Sousa, Estevão Silvestre da Silva; Silva, Allan Carlos França da; Paiva, Maxsuel Avelino Alves de; Diniz, Emanuel Gustavo Rodrigues; Silva, Priscila Oliveira Costa

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Audiology - Communication Research

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Original Article • Audiol., Commun. Res. 25 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2019-2194 copy

Spectrographic classification of the vocal signal: relation with laryngeal diagnosis and auditory-perceptual analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To verify whether there is an association between the presence of laryngeal alteration, auditory-perceptual analysis of vocal quality, and the spectrographic classification of the vocal signal in individuals with voice disorders.

Methods

478 patients with voice disorders participated in the study. A recording of the sustained vowel /Ɛ/ and a medical examination were performed to establish a laryngeal diagnosis. The vowel spectrograms were used to classify the signals into type I, II, III and IV.

Results

Voices of individuals without laryngeal disorders were predominantly classified as type I and type II, while signals of individuals with laryngeal disorders were classified as types III and IV. Deviated voices were predominantly classified as type II, while the signals of patients with vocal deviation were predominantly categorized as types II and III. Only the signals of individuals with vocal deviation were classified as type IV. Type III and IV signals showed higher values for the general degree of deviation and for degrees of roughness and breathiness in relation to type I and type II signals. Type IV signals showed a higher general degree and degrees of roughness and breathiness compared to type III signals. Only type IV signals showed higher values in the degree of tension compared to types I, II and III signals.

Conclusion

There is an association between the presence of laryngeal alteration, auditory-perceptual analysis, and the spectrographic classification of the vocal signal in individuals with voice disorders.

Keywords:
Acoustics; Voice; Voice disorders; Sound spectrography; Speech therapy

LARYNX DIAGNOSIS	n (%)
Absence of structural or functional changes in the larynx	108 (22.59%)
Vocal nodules	101 (21.12%)
Inconclusive laryngological report	61 (12.76%)
Voice disorder secondary to laryngopharyngeal reflux	45 (9.41%)
Vocal cyst	41 (8.57%)
Middle-posterior triangular cleft	36 (7.53%)
Voice disorder secondary to neuromuscular disease	26 (5.43%)
Unilateral vocal fold paralysis	21 (4.39%)
Vocal fold polyp	20 (4.18%)
Vocal groove	8 (1.67%)
Reinke's edema	5 (1.04%)
Vascular dysgenesis	3 (0.62%)
Granuloma in the vocal process	2 (0.05%)
Carcinoma in situ in the vocal folds	1 (0.20%)

	WITHOUT LARYNGEAL ALTERATION		WITH LARYNGEAL ALTERATION		TOTAL	P-VALUE
	N	%	n	%	TOTAL	P-VALUE
TYPE I	6	5.5	13	3.5	19	<0.001^* * Significant values (p<0.05)
TYPE II	92	85.2	222	60.0	314	<0.001*
TYPE III	9	8.3	114	30.8	123	<0.001*
TYPE IV	1	0.93	21	5.6	22	<0.001*
TOTAL	108	100	370	100	478

	WITHOUT VOCAL DEVIATION		WITH VOCAL DEVIATION		TOTAL	P-VALUE
	n	%	n	%	TOTAL	P-VALUE
TYPE I	10	10.3	9	2.4	19	<0.001^* * Significant values (p<0.05)
TYPE II	80	82.5	234	61.4	314	<0.001*
TYPE III	7	7.2	116	30.4	123	<0.001*
TYPE IV	0	0	22	5.8	22	<0.001*
TOTAL	97	100	381	100	478

VARIABLES	CLASSIFICATION OF SPECTROGRAMS								P-VALUE
	TYPE I		TYPE II		TYPE III		TYPE IV
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
VAS-VD	41.42	10.33	44.77	9.83	56.28	15.04	81.41	14.28	<0.001^* * Significant values (p <0.05)
VAS-DR	37.89	11.29	40.07	11.70	51.25	15.84	73.95	13.90	<0.001*
VAS-DB	26.95	20.08	27.99	19.61	42.61	20.83	65.14	20.97	<0.001*
VAS-DT	24.63	15.35	27.75	15.25	31.35	20.86	58.18	26.53	<0.001*

VARIABLE	CLASSIFICATION OF SPECTROGRAM	MEAN DIFFERENCE	P-VALUE
VAS-VD	TYPE I x TYPE III	-14.864	<0.001^* * Significant values (p<0.05)
	TYPE I x TYPE IV	-39.98	<0.001*
	TYPE II x TYPE III	-11.51	<0.001*
	TYPE II x TYPE IV	-36.63	<0.001*
	TYPE III x TYPE IV	-25.12	<0.001*
VAS-DR	TYPE I x TYPE III	-13.35	<0.001*
	TYPE I x TYPE IV	-36.06	<0.001*
	TYPE II x TYPE III	-11.18	<0.001*
	TYPE II x TYPE IV	-33.88	<0.001*
	TYPE III x TYPE IV	-22.70	<0.001*
VAS-DB	TYPE I x TYPE III	-39.06	<0.001*
	TYPE I x TYPE IV	-38.18	<0.001*
	TYPE II x TYPE III	-14.61	<0.001*
	TYPE II x TYPE IV	-37.14	<0.001*
	TYPE III x TYPE IV	-22.52	<0.001*
VAS-DT	TYPE I x TYPE IV	-19.56	<0.001*
	TYPE II x TYPE IV	-30.42	<0.001*
	TYPE III x TYPE IV	-26.83	<0.001*

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[1] Conflict of interests: No.