Validation of the Central Auditory Processing Skill Self-Perception Scale (CAPSSPS) for adults

Abreu, Nayara Caroline Barbosa; Jesus, Luciana Cássia de; Alves, Luciana Mendonça; Mancini, Patrícia Cotta; Labanca, Ludimila; Resende, Luciana Macedo de

Nayara Caroline Barbosa Abreu

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fonoaudiológicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-2455

Luciana Cássia de Jesus

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fonoaudiológicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-1578

Luciana Mendonça Alves

Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-4117

Patrícia Cotta Mancini

Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6535-1413

Ludimila Labanca

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde – Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3296-4800

Luciana Macedo de Resende

Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2004-2692

Conflict of interests: No.

Authors’ contribution: NCBA participated in designing the project, collecting the data, analyzing the results, and writing the manuscript; LCJ participated in writing the manuscript; LMA participated in reviewing the manuscript writing and approving the final version for publication; PCM participated in designing the project, outlining the methodology, interpreting the results, and reviewing the manuscript; LL participated in collecting and statistically analyzing the results and writing the manuscript; LMR participated in designing and outlining the project, analyzing and interpreting the results, reviewing the manuscript writing, and approving the final version for publication.

Corresponding author: Luciana Macedo de Resende. E-mail: lmacedo.luciana@gmail.com; lucianamr@medicina.ufmg.br

Figures (1)
Tables (6)

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Figure 1
Gaps-in-Noise (GIN) and speech-in-white-noise ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curves

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Sigla Descrição Q1 Você acredita ter problemas na detecção do estímulo acústico (som em geral, fala ou outros sons)? Q2 Você acredita ter problemas na localização e lateralização da fonte sonora (saber de onde chamam quando à distância, por exemplo)? Q3 Você acredita ter problemas no reconhecimento do estímulo acústico (sons em geral)? Q4 Você acredita ter problemas na discriminação do estímulo acústico (diferenciar sons da fala, por exemplo ouvir S e Z)? Q5 Você acredita ter problemas na atenção seletiva e sustentada do estímulo acústico (ouvir e entender a fala do professor, mesmo que haja outras conversas na sala ou ruído externo, por exemplo)? Q6 Você acredita ter problemas de memória de curta duração relacionados ao estímulo acústico (lembrar-se de coisas que apenas ouviu, como textos curtos, uma aula, por exemplo)? Q7 Você acredita ter dificuldades para perceber os sons no tempo? Por exemplo, entender alguém que fala muito rápido ou que articula as palavras sem clareza. Q8 Você acredita ter dificuldades para ouvir e entender a fala em situações ruidosas? Por exemplo, conversando no ponto de ônibus, em restaurantes etc. Q9 Você apresenta ou já apresentou dificuldades acadêmicas relacionadas à concentração em algum momento do seu curso superior? Q10 Você apresenta ou já apresentou dificuldades acadêmicas relacionadas à memória em algum momento do seu curso superior? Q11 Você apresenta ou já apresentou dificuldades acadêmicas relacionadas a planejamento em algum momento do seu curso superior? Q12 Você apresenta ou já apresentou dificuldades acadêmicas relacionadas à aprendizagem em algum momento do seu curso superior? Q13 Você já ingeriu ou ingere bebida alcoólica? Q14 Você já fez ou faz uso de entorpecentes (maconha, crack e cocaína)? Q15 Você faz uso de medicamentos ou fez uso por um período prolongado? Q16 Você apresenta algum transtorno neurológico ou psiquiátrico (demência, doença encéfalo-vascular, hemiplegias ou paraplegias, meningite, neuropatia periférica, paralisia facial, ou aprendizagem, atenção e hiperatividade, comportamento, humor, ansiedade, psicose, conduta)? Q17 Você apresenta algum sintoma neurológico ou psiquiátrico (cefaleia, tontura, vertigem, desmaio, convulsão, outros)? Q18 Você dorme em média 8 horas por noite? Q19 Você considera que seu sono é satisfatório? Q20 Você se alimenta diariamente com 3 ou mais alimentos de grupos alimentares diferentes? Q21 Você fez o ensino médio:

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Table 1
Factor analysis of the first-order constructs

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Table 2
Validation of the first- and second-order constructs

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Table 3
Comparison of the diagnostic indicator for adults between the variables of the auditory assessment

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Chart 1
Central Auditory Processing Skill Self-Perception Scale

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Abbr Description Q1 Do you think you have problems detecting acoustic stimuli (sounds in general, speech, etc.)? Q2 V Do you think you have problems with sound source localization and lateralization (e.g., knowing from where someone is calling you when they are far)? Q3 Do you think you have problems recognizing acoustic stimuli (sounds in general)? Q4 Do you think you have problems discriminating acoustic stimuli (differentiating speech sounds; for instance, hearing S and Z)? Q5 Do you think you have problems paying selective and sustained attention to acoustic stimuli (e.g., hearing and understanding the professor speak, even with other conversations in the room or external noise)? Q6 Do you think you have problems with short-term memory related to acoustic stimuli (recalling things you only heard, such as classes or short texts)? Q7 Do you think you have difficulties perceiving sounds in time? For instance, understanding someone who speaks too fast or does not clearly articulate words. Q8 Do you think you have difficulties hearing and understanding people speak in noisy environments? For example, talking at the bus stop, in restaurants, etc. Q9 Do you have or have you ever had concentration-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies? Q10 Do you have or have you ever had memory-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies? Q11 Do you have or have you ever had planning-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies? Q12 Do you have or have you ever had learning-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies? Q13 Do you drink or have you ever drunk alcoholic beverages? Q14 Do you use or have you ever used narcotics (cannabis, crack, or cocaine)? Q15 Do you take or have you ever taken medications for a prolonged period? Q16 Do you have any neurological or psychiatric disorders (dementia, brain vascular disease, hemiplegia, paraplegia, meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy, or learning, attention and hyperactivity, behavior, mood, anxiety, psychosis, conduct)? Q17 Do you have any neurological or psychiatric symptoms (headache, dizziness, vertigo, fainting, convulsion, other)? Q18 Do you sleep 8 hours a night on average? Q19 Do you consider your sleep satisfactory? Q20 Do you regularly have three meals a day with items from the different food groups? Q21 Where did you go to high school? Subtitle: Abbr = abbreviation

Constructs	Items	Initial model			Final model
Constructs	Items	FL1	Com.2	Weight	FL¹	Com.²	Weight
Factor 1	Q1	0.97	0.84	0.32	0.98	0.85	0.32
	Q2	0.97	0.84	0.32	0.97	0.84	0.32
	Q3	0.81	0.42	0.23	0.80	0.41	0.23
	Q4	0.62	0.22	0.16	0.61	0.21	0.16
	Q7	0.39	0.07	0.09	0.39	0.07	0.09
	Q16	0.21	0.02	0.05	Excluded
	Q21.I	0.79	0.44	0.23	0.80	0.45	0.24
Factor 2	Q5	0.60	0.25	0.17	0.61	0.26	0.18
	Q6	0.70	0.36	0.20	0.72	0.38	0.22
	Q8	0.40	0.11	0.11	0.41	0.11	0.12
	Q9	0.80	0.50	0.24	0.82	0.52	0.25
	Q10	0.88	0.61	0.26	0.89	0.63	0.28
	Q11	0.70	0.36	0.20	0.73	0.39	0.22
	Q12	0.81	0.51	0.24	0.83	0.54	0.26
	Q13	-0.01	0.00	0.00	Excluded
	Q14	0.03	0.00	0.01	Excluded
	Q15	0.19	0.02	0.05	Excluded
	Q17	0.21	0.03	0.05	Excluded
	Q18	0.36	0.09	0.10	Excluded
	Q19.I	0.44	0.13	0.12	Excluded
	Q20.I	0.23	0.03	0.06	Excluded

Validation of the first-order constructs
Factors	Items	CA1	CR2	Dim.3	AVE4	KMO5
Factor 1	6	0.72	0.80	1	0.62	0.72
Factor 2	7	0.74	0.70	1	0.53	0.80
Validation of the second-order construct
Constructs	Items	CA¹	CR²	Dim.³	AVE⁴	KMO⁵
Diagnosis for adults	2	0.40	0.68	1	0.63	0.50

Variables		N	Mean	SE	Q1	Q2	Q3	p-value ¹ 1 Mann-Whitney test.
Speech audiometry	Normal	114	7.04	0.31	4.00	7.00	10.00	0.203
Speech audiometry	Abnormal	12	5.67	0.71	3.50	6.50	8.00	0.203
Tympanometry	Normal	111	6.87	0.31	4.00	7.00	9.00	0.719
Tympanometry	Abnormal	15	7.27	0.81	5.50	7.00	9.50	0.719
Ipsilateral acoustic reflex 1 kHz	Normal	53	7.26	0.45	4.00	7.00	10.00	0.333
Ipsilateral acoustic reflex 1 kHz	Abnormal	73	6.66	0.38	4.00	6.00	9.00	0.333
Ipsilateral acoustic reflex 2 kHz	Normal	58	6.91	0.43	5.00	7.00	9.00	0.971
Ipsilateral acoustic reflex 2 kHz	Abnormal	68	6.91	0.40	4.00	7.00	9.00	0.971
Contralateral acoustic reflex 500 Hz	Normal	54	7.15	0.45	5.00	7.50	10.00	0.414
Contralateral acoustic reflex 500 Hz	Abnormal	72	6.74	0.38	4.00	7.00	8.50	0.414
Contralateral acoustic reflex 1 kHz	Normal	58	6.98	0.44	5.00	7.00	9.00	0.742
Contralateral acoustic reflex 1 kHz	Abnormal	68	6.85	0.39	4.00	7.00	9.00	0.742
Contralateral acoustic reflex 2 kHz	Normal	61	6.95	0.41	4.00	7.00	9.00	0.916
Contralateral acoustic reflex 2 kHz	Abnormal	65	6.88	0.41	4.00	7.00	9.00	0.916
Contralateral acoustic reflex 4 kHz	Normal	65	6.69	0.41	4.00	7.00	9.00	0.465
Contralateral acoustic reflex 4 kHz	Abnormal	61	7.15	0.42	5.00	7.00	10.00	0.465
GIN	Normal	87	6.76	0.36	4.00	7.00	9.00	0.419
GIN	Abnormal	39	7.26	0.50	4.50	8.00	9.50	0.419
SWN	Normal	87	6.79	0.37	4.00	6.00	9.00	0.444
SWN	Abnormal	39	7.18	0.47	5.50	7.00	8.50	0.444

	CAPSSPS – CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING SKILL SELF-PERCEPTION SCALE	ANSWER
Name: Sex: F() M()		Yes	No
Age: Educational level:		Score
QUESTIONS		(1)	(0)
Q1	Do you think you have problems detecting acoustic stimuli (sounds in general, speech, etc.)?
Q2	Do you think you have problems with sound source localization and lateralization (e.g., knowing from where someone is calling you when they are far)?
Q3	Do you think you have problems recognizing acoustic stimuli (sounds in general)?
Q4	Do you think you have problems discriminating acoustic stimuli (differentiating speech sounds; for instance, hearing S and Z)?
Q5	Do you think you have problems paying selective and sustained attention to acoustic stimuli (e.g., hearing and understanding the professor speak, even with other conversations in the room or external noise)?
Q6	Do you think you have problems with short-term memory related to acoustic stimuli (recalling things you only heard, such as classes or short texts)?
Q7	Do you think you have difficulties perceiving sounds in time? For instance, understanding someone who speaks too fast or does not clearly articulate words.
Q8	Do you think you have difficulties hearing and understanding people speak in noisy environments? For example, talking at the bus stop, in restaurants, etc.
Q9	Do you have or have you ever had concentration-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies?
Q10	Do you have or have you ever had memory-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies?
Q11	Do you have or have you ever had planning-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies?
Q12	Do you have or have you ever had learning-related academic difficulties at any moment during your higher education studies?
Q13	Where did you go to high school? (Check 0 for private school or 1 for public school)
Total SCORE

[1] Conflict of interests: No.

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Validation of the Central Auditory Processing Skill Self-Perception Scale (CAPSSPS) for adults

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion