Comparison of the electric activity of the suprahyoid muscles during different lingual exercises

Furlan, Renata Maria Moreira Moraes; Rezende, Bárbara Antunes; Motta, Andréa Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/S2317-64312015000200001570

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Original Articles • Audiol., Commun. Res. 20 (3) • Jul-Sep 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-64312015000200001570 copy

Comparison of the electric activity of the suprahyoid muscles during different lingual exercises

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Purpose

To analyze the electric activity of suprahyoid muscles in eight different isometric exercises and to suggest the most appropriate exercise for data normalization.

Methods

Twenty two female volunteers, ages between 19 and 38 years (Avg=24,1 and SD=3,8) participated of the study. At first, the participants underwent a clinical evaluation of the tongue. Electric activity of submental region was recorded, by means of the electromyographic assessment, with the participant keeping the tongue in rest position and accomplishing the following exercises: tongue suction on the palate; tongue pressure on the palate; tongue apex pressure against the palate; tongue apex pressure against incisive papilla; exaggerated tongue retraction; tongue lateralization; and tongue protrusion. The exercises were randomly accomplished by the participants. Collected data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. It was adopted as the significance level for all analyzes value of p≤0.05.

Results

Electromyographic activity of all the exercises was different from the one recorded in rest position. There was no statistical significant difference between different exercises.

Conclusion

There was no difference in submental electrical activation in different exercises. Therefore none was more appropriate then the other for data normalization.

Electromyography; Tongue; Muscle strength; Stomatognathic system; Evaluation

Exercises	Instructions
1) Tongue suction on the palate	With the half-open mouth, suck the tongue on the palate and hold for 5 seconds.
2) Tongue pressure on the palate	With the closed mouth, press the entire back of the tongue against the palate as strong as possible and hold for 5 seconds.
3) Tongue apex pressure against the palatal papilla	With closed mouth, press only the tongue apex against the incisive papilla as strong as possible and hold for 5 seconds.
4) Exaggerated tongue retraction	With the half-open mouth, retract the tongue as much as possible and hold for 5 seconds.
5) Tongue laterization to the right	With the occluded lips, press the tongue in the jugal mucosa right and hold for 5 seconds.
6) Tongue laterization to the left	With the occluded lips, press the tongue in the left jugal mucosa and hold for 5 seconds.
7) Tongue protusion	Place a wooden spatula vertically next to the mouth and press the tongue against the spatula as strong as possible and hold for 5 seconds.
8) Tongue apex pressure against the palate	With the closed mouth, press only the lingual apex against the palate as strong as possible and hold for 5 seconds.

Variables	Categories	n	%
Stress	Slightly reduced	2	9.1
	Reduced only at the apex (summit)	2	9.1
	Reduced only in the anterior third	2	9.1
	Normal	16	72.7
Mobility	Adequate	22	100
Habitual posture	Between teeth	1	4.6
	In the lower teeth	1	4.6
	The inferior alveolar region	3	13.6
	The superior alveolar region	17	77.3
Morphological aspect	Extended	1	4.6
	Unchanged	18	81.8
	Presence of central sulcus	3	13.6
Tremor	Absent	18	81.8
Tremor	Present	4	18.2
Frenulum	Adequate	22	100

Electrode	Exercises	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Median	Maximum	PCV
Right	Rest	15.7	6.5	8.6	14.8	27.6	41.3
	E1	39.2	18.2	17.1	35.6	84.5	46.9
	E2	34.0	15.6	13.8	33.1	83.2	45.9
	E3	36.9	24.2	12.5	28.1	94.7	65.5
	E4	29.5	11.0	13.9	42.2	48.6	37.4
	E5	42.7	17.2	18.7	42.0	72.5	40.3
	E6	35.8	15.5	18.9	30.5	81.8	43.4
	E7	41.7	20.9	13.1	38.9	88.3	50.2
	E8	31.2	16.5	1.4	31.2	66.1	52.9

Left	Rest	14.6	8.6	5.7	14.0	41.0	59.0
	E1	41.4	20.9	14.8	35.0	88.3	50.5
	E2	33.0	16.8	7.1	29.0	77.3	51.0
	E3	33.1	19.4	8.2	27.5	76.4	58.5
	E4	35.4	23.2	10.8	30.8	114.0	65.5
	E5	47.0	21.4	13.1	51.7	78.7	45.6
	E6	38.4	24.5	11.8	26.2	91.9	63.6
	E7	35.1	16.5	16.2	30.7	89,4	46.9
	E8	34.8	27.7	7.5	26.1	111.0	70.7

Variables	Median (µV)	p-value
Rest	14.2	<0.001*
Tongue suction on the palate	38.3
Tongue pressure on the palate	30.5
Tongue apex pressure against the palate	30.3
Exaggerated tongue retraction	31,0
Tongue laterization to the right	43.3
Tongue laterization to the left	30.0
Tongue protusion	35.3
Tongue tip pressure against the palate	28.8

	Rest	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6	E7
E1	<0.001*
E2	0.006*	0.999
E3	0.002*	0.999	0.999
E4	0.014*	0.999	0.999	0.999
E5	<0.001*	0.999	0.663	0.999	0.367
E6	<0.001*	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999
E7	<0.001*	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999
E8	0.009*	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.503	0.999	0.999

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E-mail: revista@audiologiabrasil.org.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Andréa Rodrigues Motta. Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, sala 249, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil, CEP: 30130-100. E-mail: andreamotta@ufmg.br