Histological analysis of the intestinal wall of newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation to evaluate the protective effect of N-Acetylcysteine

Silvares, Soraia Guerra; Moron, Antonio Fernandes; Simões, Manuel de Jesus; Cintra, Álvaro Ulhoa; Montero, Edna Frasson de Souza; Araujo Júnior, Edward; Martins, José Luiz

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020200040000001

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Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Acta Cir. Bras. 35 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020200040000001 copy

Histological analysis of the intestinal wall of newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation to evaluate the protective effect of N-Acetylcysteine¹ 1 Research performed at Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Part of Master degree thesis, Postgraduate Program in Obstetrics, UNIFESP. Tutor: Prof. José Luiz Martins.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Methods

Eight pregnant rats and their 70 cubs were used (5 groups) and exposed to H/R conditions and received NAC at different times. The animals in the H/R groups were placed in a gas chamber (100% CO²) for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated for 10 minutes (100% O²), twice a day for the first three days of life, with a six-hour span between events. On the third day of life, the animals were anesthetized, laparotomized and the intestines were resected.

Results

The H/R and NAC groups showed changes in the intestinal wall in relation to the number, height and width of the villi when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), but with better preservation of structures in the NAC group. There were no differences between groups regarding the number (%) of mitoses.

Conclusion

The administration of NAC decreased the lesions in the intestinal wall of rats submitted to H/R, therefore suggesting that this drug can be used to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Hypoxia; Acetylcysteine; Rats

	Group I Control	Group II H/R	Group III H/R – RN NAC	Group IV H/R- RN/ M NAC	Group V H/R- M NAC
	16.2	11.2	10.1	15.0	14.5
	15.1	10.3	12.3	12.1	12.7
	13.8	11.1	14.1	10.0	15.8
	14.1	12.1	10.3	11.1	14.2
	16.3	11.2	13.3	10.1	11.3
	15.7		11.1	12.2	16.5
	16.1		14.2	13.1	14.8
	15.5		13.1	12.2	16.7
			12.2	11.1	15.4
			10.1	13.1	16.7
			11.1	12.1	17.8
			13.1	10.2	18.9
			13.4		16.5
			10.1		15.4
			12.2		16.3
			12.0
			12.1
			11.1
			10.1
Median Average	15.6 15.4	11.2 11.2	12.1 11.9	12.1 11.9	15.8 15.6

	Group I Control	Group II H/R	Group III H/R – RN NAC	Group IV H/R- M e RN NAC	Group V H/R- M NAC
	333.55	190.1	233.12	224.40	315.70
	309.12	180.3	324.50	232.00	316.20
	320.39	195.4	312.60	111.00	317.80
	322.41	220.1	223.11	202.30	318.70
	321.11	190.1	243.21	201.00	314.20
	319.12		222.31	221.70	300.50
	311.18		221.34	202.40	320.40
	328.20		245.30	203.40	317.50
			223.40	201.3	318.40
			222.10	202.3	300.50
			321.12	203.4	301.20
			300.12	199.1	320.40
			199.76		330.50
			189.12		340.20
			190.87		320.1
			301.43
			321.23
			212.21
			221.12
Median Average	320.75 320.71	190.1 195.2	223.40 248.84	202.90 208.69	317.80 316.82

	Group I Control	Group II H/R	Group III H/R –RN NAC	Group IV H/R- RN/ M NAC	Group V H/R- M NAC
	12.55	6.2	68.34	48.10	12.50
	19.60	5.3	52.31	50.20	11.40
	21.50	4.2	60.34	49.00	10.50
	22.30	4.5	62.34	47.10	11.20
	28.60	6.2	54.12	47.20	12.40
	23.20		87.12	48.10	13.50
	19.10		57.14	51.00	12.40
	16.20		62.34	52.00	11.50
			61.12	53.10	10.50
			60.35	55.10	12.40
			54.34	52.00	11.50
			84.56	44.50	12.60
			67.89		11.70
			45.67		10.70
			56.71		11.70
			57.12
			67.12
			67.12
			66.34
Median Average	20.30 19.79	5.30 5.21	61.12 62.04	49.60 49.62	11.70 11.74

	Group I Control	Group II H/R	Group III H/R –RN NAC	Group IV H/R- RN/ M NAC	Group V H/R- M NAC
	2.1	3.7	3.1	1.0	1.3
	3.1	1.4	3.2	1.0	1.4
	1	1.9	2.1	1.1	1.5
	2.9	2.6	1.1	2.0	1.2
	2.1	2.7	1.0	2.1	1.1
	3.2		1.1	1.0	1.4
	1.1		2.1	2.5	1.5
	2.2		2.1	3.3	1.6
			2.2	2.5	1.7
			1.2	1.2	1.8
			1.1	1.0	1.9
			4.2	2.1	1.9
			1.1		1.3
			1.2		1.4
			1.3		1.5
			1.5
			1.3
			1.1
			1.1
Median Average	2.15 2.21	2.60 2.46	1.30 1.74	1.60 1.73	1.50 1.50

	Group I Control	Group II H/R	Group III H/R –RN NAC	Group IV H/R- RN/ M NAC	Group V H/R- M NAC
Total	8	10	21	12	19
Deaths	0	5	2	0	4
Survivors	8	5	19	12	15
%	0	50	9.52	0	21.5

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[1] Correspondence: Prof. Edward Araujo Júnior Rua Belchior de Azevedo, 156/111 Torre Vitoria 05089-030 São Paulo – SP Brasil Tel.: (55 11)3796-5944 araujojred@terra.com.br