PURPOSE: To describe the electronic systems a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) uses for communication. To review the ophthalmic manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of vision, ocular motility, communication, and a home care system in the treatment of severely handicapped patients. METHODS: Case series report, description of equipment, and literature review. RESULTS: The patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has bulbar symptoms, deficiency of lung and limb muscles, oculomotor system partially spared, and intellect intact. Using his facial and ocular motility, electronic equipment, and a computer, the patient has achieved close and distant communication, and works as graphic designer. Presently, multiprofessional teams like the home-care system of Unimed-Campinas (ADUC) provide recommended supporting treatment for chronic in-bed patients. A wide range of ophthalmic pathology may be found among these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other chronic diseases may reduce the quality of life. Treatment and long-term cost management must seek the physical and psychological health of patients and their family, and provide a greater possible autonomy, good communication, and appropriate environment. Ophthalmologists must be prepared to deal with this type of patients. Simple techniques, like blinking in front of a chart, or more sophisticated approaches using a computer are possible and allow patients' "visual communication" (expression of ideas and thinking using eyes and lids).
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Eye manifestations; Nonverbal communication; Kinesics; Medical informatics; Home care services; Saccades; Computers
