[Silagem de capim-elefante inoculada com fungos celulolíticos isolados do rúmen]

Veloso, A.C.R.; Lopes, H.F.; Santos, L.F.X.; Martins Júnior, V.S.; Fonseca, S.A.; Santos, T.A.X.; Matias, A.D.; Careli, R.T.; Duarte, E.R.; Braz, T.G.S.

A.C.R. Veloso

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-3379

H.F. Lopes

Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8162-2340

L.F.X. Santos

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-3269

V.S. Martins Júnior

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-8639

S.A. Fonseca

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8161-2364

T.A.X. Santos

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-2490

A.D. Matias

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9434-6381

R.T. Careli

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-3982

E.R. Duarte

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-9412

T.G.S. Braz ^**Corresponding author: thiagogsbz@hotmail.com

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-7901

*Corresponding author: thiagogsbz@hotmail.com

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1
Average pH values during 10 days of aerobic exposure of elephant grass silage inoculated with Aspergillus terreus at 1.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g of fresh mass weight (AT15), Trichoderma longibrachiatum at 1.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g of fresh mass weight (TL20), MIX of the two fungi at 1.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g of fresh mass weight each (MIX), and uninoculated silage (Control).

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Figure 2
Averages of colony forming units (CFU log) per gram of elephant grass ‘Cameroon’ silage for Diplococcus grown in MRS medium from samples inoculated with Aspergillus terreus (AT15), Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL20), with the mix of these two fungi (MIX), or not inoculated (Control) at the time of opening and 10 days after opening. Means followed by the same lowercase letter within each evaluation period and uppercase within each type of inoculation do not differ by Duncan’s test (P <0.10).

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Figure 3:
Colony forming units average per gram (CFU log) for total lactic acid bacteria grown in MRS medium from elephant grass ‘Cameroon’ silages inoculated with Aspergillus terreus (AT15), Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL20), with the mix of these two fungi (MIX), or not inoculated (Control) at the time of opening and 10 days after opening. Means followed by the same lowercase letter within each evaluation period and uppercase within each type of inoculation do not differ by Duncan’s test (P <0.10).

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Table 1
Characteristics of pH, time to break stability (days), loss of dry mass (%), and effluent (g/kg of fresh mass) of elephant grass silages with fungi from the rumen of cattle

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Table 2
Content of mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) from elephant grass ‘Cameroon’ silages with fungi from bovine rumen

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Table 3
Log of average colony forming units (CFU log) per gram of silage and standard error of the mean (SE) for microorganisms present in elephant grass ‘Cameroon’ silages inoculated with Aspergillus terreus -1.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g of fresh mass weight (AT15), Trichoderma longibrachiatum -1.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g of fresh mass weight (TL20), with the mix of these two fungi each with 1.0 × 105 CFU/g of fresh mass weight (MIX), or uninoculated (CONTR) at the time of opening and 10 days after opening

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Table 4
Distribution of genera of mycelial fungi isolated from elephant grass silages (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon) inoculated with Aspergillus terreus (AT15), Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL20), with the mix of these two fungi (MIX), or not inoculated (CONT) at the time of opening and 10 days after opening

Types of silage	pH at the opening	Loss of dry matter (%)	Time to break stability (days)	Effluent losses (g/kg)
AT15	4.10b	3.89ab	6.1ab	22.9a
TL20	4.17b	3.86ab	6.4ab	23.5a
MIX	4.40a	4.56a	7.4a	23.2a
CONTR	4.05b	3.13b	4.4b	19.4b
CV (%)	5.71	17.83	28.36	12.15
p-value	0.0441	0.0104	0.0272	0.0329

Types of silage	Content (g/kg)
Types of silage	MM	NDF	ADF	CP	EE	NFC
AT15	112.2	743.0	419.5	37.9	24.1	82.7
TL20	117.3	722.6	424.6	40.0	23.3	96.7
MIX	115.7	748.1	439.8	35.5	25.0	75.6
CONTR	114.8	737.8	418.8	36.4	24.6	86.3
CV (%)	4.60	2.68	4.67	8.26	21.95	18.02
p-value	0.4099	0.2077	0.2904	0.1226	0.9604	0.1834

Variables	Average CFU/g (Log CFU) at the opening
Variables	CONTR	AT15	TL20	MIX
Diplococcus	3.01a	0.00b	1.89ab	0.00b
Lactobacillus spp.	5.36	5.97	5.53	6.13
Bacillus	3.96	4.95	5.42	5.96
Streptobacillus	5.06	2.63	3.37	3.02
Total lactic acid bacteria	6.54	5.97	6.63	6.17
Clostridium spp.	0.00	1.10	0.48	2.25
Enterobacteriacea	0.00	0.00	0.42	0.56
Yeasts	0.89	1.50	0.00	0.67
Mycelial fungi	0.78	2.56	2.18	3.25
	Average CFU/g (Log CFU) 10 days after opening
	CONTR	AT15	TL20	MIX
Diplococcus	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.34
Lactobacillus spp.	0.91b	0.83b	5.10a	3.26ab
Bacillus	0.91b	0.83b	5.10a	2.48ab
Streptobacillus	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.78
Total lactic acid bacteria	1.89b	1.58b	5.10a	5.38a
Clostridium spp.	0.83	0.00	1.33	0.89
Enterobacteriacea	0.00	0.52	0.00	0.00
Yeasts	9.52	9.35	9.13	8.74
Mycelial fungi	6.66	7.24	7.69	7.61

Genres	Opening
Genres	Total	CONT	%*	AT15	%*	TL20	%*	MIX	%*
Aspergillus spp.	10	1	10.0	3	30.0	3	30.0	3	30.0
Trichoderma spp.	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rhizopus spp.	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Emmonsia spp.	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total	10
	10 days after opening
	Total	CONT	%*	AT15	%*	TL20	%*	MIX	%*
Aspergillus spp.	20	5	11.4	6	13.6	7	15.9	2	4.5
Trichoderma spp.	6	2	4.5	1	2.3	1	2.2	2	4.5
Rhizopus spp.	2	-	-	1	2.23	-	-	1	2.3
Emmonsia spp.	16	3	6.8	4	9.1	5	11.4	4	9.1
Total	44

[1] *Corresponding author: thiagogsbz@hotmail.com

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[Silagem de capim-elefante inoculada com fungos celulolíticos isolados do rúmen]

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