The effect of aqueous extract of Solanum malacoxylon (Sendter) Solanaceae (SM) (sin.: S. glaucophyllum) and Nierembergia veitchii (Hook) Solanaceae (NV), common calcinogenic plants in Brazil, on the reproduction of rats and on their offsprings was investigated. In one set of experiments, male and female Wistar rats were treated per os with aqueous extract of each plant at a dose corresponding to the daily administration of 10g×kg-1 of dried plant for 40 days before mating. In another set of experiments, pregnant rats were daily treated with three different doses of aqueous extracts of both plants (5.4; 10.9 and 21.7g×kg-1, equivalent to the administration of dried plants) from the first until the last day of pregnancy. Saline and vitamin D3 treated male, female and pregnant rats were used as control in both experimental procedures. When administered before the pregnancy, the weight gain and the fertility were reduced in groups treated with SM (11%) and vitamin D3 (11%). In the NV group, fertility was reduced (25%) but the weight gain was not affected. The number of pups per litter and their weight were reduced in groups SM and vitamin D3, but in all groups the body development of the offsprings was not adversely affected. The treatment of the dams with SM during pregnancy causes significant and dose-related reduction of the fertility, as well as with vitamin D3. With an aqueous extract from NV it was not observed a significant reduction of the fertility, but the pups (2.3% in group treated with NV 10.9g×kg-1 and 0,1% in group treated with NV 21.7g×kg-1) presented morphological abnormalities, that were also observed with vitamin D3 (2.25mg×kg-1) treatment. The presence of vitamin D3 and metabolites in the calcinogenic plants is probably responsible for the infertility, not only because their systemic toxicity, but also because of the direct effects on the reproductive system.
Plant poisoning; calcinogenic plant; infertility; Solanum malacoxylon; Nierembergia veitchii
