Clinical presentation, histological findings, and prognosis in female dogs with mixed mammary neoplasms

Rauber, D.; Gerardi, D.G.; Oliveira, L.O.; Vieira, L.C.; Caprioli, R.A.; Pavarini, S.P.; Driemeier, D.; Sonne, L.; Nunes, F.C.; Rodrigues, A.C.B.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12640

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Veterinary Medicine and Technology and Inspection of Animal Products • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 75 (2) • Mar-Apr 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12640 copy

Clinical presentation, histological findings, and prognosis in female dogs with mixed mammary neoplasms

[Apresentação clínica, achados histológicos e prognóstico em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias mistas]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and morphological characteristics of mixed mammary neoplasms and verify what characteristics affect the prognosis of female dogs with carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas. This was a retrospective study of 67 female dogs that underwent mastectomies and were diagnosed with benign mixed tumors (n=13), carcinomas in mixed tumors (n=44) and carcinosarcomas (n=10). Data regarding the clinical and histological aspects of the neoplasms were collected and the relation with specific survival times, and hazard ratios (HR) in 24 months was calculated. In univariate analysis, the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma (HR 8.26, p=0.006), carcinomatous areas with micropapillary or solid patterns (HR 17.49; p=0. 001) and lymph node metastasis (HR 7.07;p=0.020) were associated with specific survival. In multivariable analysis, only micropapillary or solid pattern (HR=16.34; p=0.007) remained independent factor associated with lower specific survival. Micropapillary or solid carcinomatous patterns were associated with shorter specific survival time (p=0.002) among animals with carcinomas in mixed tumors. Among the carcinosarcomas, lymph node metastasis (p=0.010) was associated with a shorter specific survival time. In conclusion, carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas vary in prognosis depending on the carcinomatous proliferation patterns and spread of the disease.

Keywords:
canine; mammary; mixed; tumor

	TMB	CMT		CSS
Variables	n (/%)	n (/%)	p* value vs. TMB*	n (/%)	p* value vs. TMB*	p* value of CMT vs. CSS*
Age
<10 years old	6 (46.1)	15(34.9)	0.462	2(20.0)	0.195	0.364
≥10 years old	7(53.8)	28(65.1)		8(80.0)
Tumor location
Cranial glands	4 (33.3)	12(27.9)	0.714	1(11.1)	0.258	0.290
Abdominal glands	7 (58.3)	13(30.2)	0.074	6(66.7)	0.528	0.039
Inguinal glands	0	11(25.6)	0.051	2 (2.2)	0.171	0.832
Multiple glands	1(8.3)	7(16.3)	0.490	0	0.571	0.193
Tumor numbers
Simple	10 (76.9)	26(59.1)	0.278	8(80.0)	0.633	0.216
Multiple	3 (23.0)	18(40.1)		2(20.0)
Tumor size
≤5 cm	12(100.0)	24(54.5)	0.004	2(20.0)	p<0.0001	0.044
>5 cm	0	20(45.4)		8(80.0)
Necrosis
Negative	13(100.0)	17(38.6)	p<0.0001	3(30.0)	p<0.0001	0.610
Positive	0	27(61.4)		7(70.0)
Carcinomatous pattern
Papillary or tubular	-	40(90.9)	-	6(60.0)	-	0.013
Micropapillary or solid	-	4(9.09)		4(40.0)
Vascular invasion
Negative	13(100.0)	36(81.8)	0.097	6(66.7)	0.055	0.307
Positive	0	8 (18.2)		3(33.3)
Lymph node- metastasis
Negative	14(100.0)	27(84.4)	0.165	5(62.5)	0.042	0.137
Positive	0	5 (15.6)		3(37.5)
Clinical stage
I, II, and III	-	24(75.0)	-	4(50.0)	-	0.168
IV and V	-	8 (25.0)		4(50.0)

Variables	Tubular or papillary patterns n(%)	Micropapillary or solid patterns n (%)	p value *
<10 years old	15 (38.5)	0	0.166
≥10 years old	24 (61.5)	4 (100.0)
Tumor location
Cranial glands	12 (30.0)	0	0.364
Abdominal glands	13(32.5)	0	0.329
Inguinal glands	11(27.5)	0	0.402
Multiple glands	4(10.0)	3 (100.0)	0.003
Tumor Numbers
Simple	24(60.0)	2(50.0)	0.545
Multiple	16(40.0)	2 (50.0)
Tumor size
≤5 cm	22(55.0)	2(50.0)	0.624
>5 cm	18(45.0)	2(50.0)
Intratumoural necrosis
Negative	17 (42.5)	0(0)	0.129
Positive	23(57.5)	4(100.0)
Vascular invasion
Negative	34(85.0)	2 (50.0)	0.145
Positive	6 (15.0)	2 (50.0)
Lymph node metastasis
Negative	25 (89.3)	2(50.0)	0.105
Positive	3 (10.7)	2(50.0)
Clinical stage
I, II and III	22 (78.6)	2 (50.0)	0.254
IV and V	6(21.4)	2 (50.0)

Variables	Mean survival/ Median survival	2 year-survival rate (%)	Log -rank test	Univariate Cox Regression			Multivariate Cox Regression
				HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	p value
Histological type
CTM	716/ NR	41/44 (93.2)	0.001	Reference
CSS	462/ NR	6/10 (60.0)	0.001	8.26	1.83-37.22	0.006			NS
Carcinomatouspattern
Papillary or tubular	707/NR	43/46 (93.5)	p<0.0001	Reference			Reference
Micropapillary or solid	426/571	4/8 (50.0)		17.49	3.11-98.33	0.001	16.34	2.1-124.89	0.007
Vascular invasion
Negative	691/NR	38/42 (90.5)	0.042	Reference
Positive	567/NR	8/11 (72.7)		4.32	0.93-20.07	0.061	-		-
Lymph node metastasis
Negative	712/NR	28/31 (90.3)	0.007	Reference					NS
Positive	479/NR	5/8 (62.5)		7.07	1.36-36.54	0.020
Clinical stage
I, II, and III	696/NR	25/28 (89.3)	0.046	Reference					NS
IV and V	532/NR	8/12 (66.7)		4.09	0.9918.41	0.066

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Corresponding author: angelbertagnolli@gmail.com