Ponto final humanitário em camundongos aplicado por pesquisadores brasileiros da área de vacinas

Araujo, F.R.C.; Paixão, R.L.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-10524

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Sumário

Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 71 (02) • Mar-Apr 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10524 copiar

Ponto final humanitário em camundongos aplicado por pesquisadores brasileiros da área de vacinas

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A aplicação de um ponto final humanitário (PFH) em experimentos com vacinação e posterior desafio com amostras letais em camundongos é necessária para diminuir ou impedir a dor e o sofrimento desses animais, constituindo refinamento de acordo com a política dos 3Rs, vigente em âmbito nacional e internacional, no cenário da experimentação animal. A fim de investigar a aplicação de PFH no Brasil, foi enviado um questionário para pesquisadores da área de vacinas, com perguntas sobre perfil do pesquisador, aplicação de PFH e critérios para sua definição, monitoramento dos animais, treinamento da equipe e métodos de eutanásia empregados. Os principais resultados revelaram que há falhas tanto em reconhecer o conceito quanto em aplicar o PFH, por parte dos pesquisadores, e que as CEUAs também falharam ao aprovar tais experimentos. Chama-se atenção para o fato de que o PFH é um importante refinamento e para a necessidade de definição prévia de PFH e sua aplicação, assim como para a importância do esclarecimento da questão ética envolvida e do necessário compromisso das equipes de pesquisa e das CEUAs com o bem-estar animal.

Palavras-chave:
refinamento; 3Rs; bem-estar animal; ética; experimentação animal

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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Group	Classification as per application of HE.	Answers (sic)^a
A	Do not apply HE.	Bristling, listlessness.
		Lethargic, weight loss, skin lesions.
		Goose bumps due to - probably - cold.
		Arched body, little movement.
		It is necessary to follow protocol because we work with vaccination assays and challenging tasks, so every activity must check for the animals’ resistance in order to demonstrate efficacy or not of vaccines.
		Decreased appetite, hair loss.
B	Report use of HE but in truth the animals die as a consequence of the protocol.	I meet the term of the challenging tasks, which is relevant to my researches.
		In the case ofStreptococcus, there is no Humane Endpoint once death is very quick (within 72 hours).
		Parasitemia over 50%.
C	Apply HE when animals are almost moribund or moribund.	The animals are subjected to euthanasia when they present locomotor problems, do not respond to manual stimuli, or when we note inability to feed or drink by themselves.
		Thinning, bristling, cachexia.
		Mainly prostration and bristling. Reduction in body temperature (on touch) has also been observed.
		Piloerection, listlessness, anorexia, cyanotic mucous.
		Breathing and feeding difficulties.
		Weight, fur and prostration.
		1. Weight loss > = 10% 2. Clinical signs with score (score > = 3 - euthanasia, score = 2 - check every 2 hours); as per scale: Normal behavior = 0; arched back plus slightly rugged skin = 1; dropped eyes/harsh fur/subjugated but responsive = 2; unsteady on feet/subjugated but unresponsive/nasal hemorrhage/blood in urine = 3; prostration, eyes always closed = 4.
D	Apply HE when animals are already subject to intense suffering but not yet moribund.	Neuromotor signs like ataxia and lack of coordination.
		Ataxia, piloerection, behavioral unrest.
		Inability to feed or frequent seizures.
		Excessive weight loss. Fur loses shine and softness. Animal shows appetite loss, behavioral changes.
		Behavioral changes, bristling, excess lethargy and breathing alterations.
E	Apply HE.	Occurrence of an abscess on the spot where the tumor is growing and difficulties to move about (chiefly because the animals cannot feed properly).
		Only one of the species of Leishmania we work with is lethal, and only for one of the lines of mice we utilize. In such animals, skin metastases at a distance appear where the inoculum was performed and infection reach internal organs and end up leading the animals to their death. Our trials are always restricted to the initial lesion and the animals are subjected to euthanasia before the development of skin or visceral metastatic lesions.
		The two main points are paralysis, paresis. Despite the existence of other symptoms, these two are the ones that actually make it impossible for them to move around and reach food.
		According to the response of the infectious agent in question, after the challenging task, it takes about 30 to 60 days for getting the expected immune response. The end of the trial usually happens within this period. If animals show any kind of alteration before the period above, euthanasia is applied beforehand.