The influence of season, environment, sex, and body mass on biochemical profile of the freshwater turtle Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812)

Pulcherio, R.S.L.; Rocha, M.N.A.; Barros, R.V.P. de; Brito, E.S.; Santos, D.P.; Mendonça, A.J.; Strüssmann, C.; Ferraz, R.H.S.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12726

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Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 74 (5) • Sep-Oct 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12726 copy

The influence of season, environment, sex, and body mass on biochemical profile of the freshwater turtle Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812)

[Influência da estação, do ambiente, do sexo e da massa corporal no perfil bioquímico do cágado Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812)]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

We analyzed the influence of the season, the environment, and the sex, as well as the relation of body mass (BM) in the serum albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (C), creatine kinase (CK), phosphorus (P), total calcium (tCa), total protein (TP), urea (U), uric acid (UA), calcium:phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), and the globulin value (GV) of thirty individuals of Phrynops geoffroanus of the urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The modeling of biochemical parameters was performed using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to verify the influence of variables considered in this study on each of the biochemical parameters analyzed. The season influenced AST, CK, C, tCa, Ca:P and UA. The environment influenced tCa, Ca:P, U and UA. On the other hand, CK, tCa, P, Ca:P and U differed significantly between males and females. Regarding the BM, a relationship of this variable was observed with CK, C, tCa, P, U, UA and Ca:P. We concluded that the season, environment, sex, and body mass can influence the biochemical parameters of P. geoffroanus, and these factors should be routinely considered in the interpretation of laboratory results.

Keywords:
Chelidae; chelonians; serum chemistry; side-necked turtle; Testudines

	Urban stream	Captivity	Rainy season	Dry season
Male (n = 16)	n = 8	n = 8	n = 12	n = 4
Female (n = 14)	n = 6	n = 8	n = 8	n = 6
Total	14	16	20	10

Biochemical parameters	Rainy season (n=20)		Dry season (n=10)
Biochemical parameters	$\bar{X}$ ±SD	Min-Max	$\bar{X}$ ±SD	Min-Max
Albumin (g/dL)	2.22±0.79	0.2 - 3.5	2.22±0.74	0.8 - 3.0
AST (UI/L)*	80.52±40.16	39 - 193	145.33±86.63	27 - 297
Creatinine (mg/dL)*	0.47±0.20	0.1 - 0.8	0.20±0.19	0.03 - 0.6
CK (UI/L)*	1124.14 ±1101.45	128 - 3382	2289.5±1506.96	207 - 3811
P (mg/dL)	4.03±2.50	1.90 - 12.8	4.62±2.22	1.5 - 9.5
TP (g/dL)	4.17±1.31	1.1 - 6.2	4.79±1.26	2.1 - 6.4
tCa (mg/dL)*	9.10±4.24	4.3 - 20.7	12.30±5.93	4.6 - 25.2
Urea (mg/dL)	25.62±21.00	2 - 63	29.559±10.07	20 - 46
UA (mg/dL)*	1.58±1.04	0.4 - 4.2	1.06±0.85	0.1 - 3.0
Ca:P*	2.39±1.03	0.92 - 5.17	2.85±0.41	2.21 - 3.48
GV (g/dL)	2.06±0.88	0.90 - 3.80	2.53±0.76	1.3 - 3.8

Biochemical parameters	Environment
	Urban Stream (n=14)		Captivity (n=16)
	$\bar{X}$ ±SD	Min-Max	$\bar{X}$ ±SD	Min-Max
Albumin (g/dL)	1.95 ±0.87	0.2 - 3.0	2.46±0.59	1.5 - 3.5
AST (UI/L)	107.15±72.03	27 - 297	98.76 ±63.14	39 - 256
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.42±0.22	0.1 - 0.8	0.35± 0.25	0.03 - 0.8
CK (UI/L)	1344.16 ±1320.92	207 - 3811	1402.58 ±1281.74	128 - 3382
P (mg/dL)	4.10±2.11	1.5 - 9.5	4.37±2.61	1.9 - 12.8
TP (g/dL)	4.33±1.49	1.1 - 6.1	4.44±1.17	2.5 - 6.4
tCa (mg/dL)*	11.82±6.59	4.3 - 25.2	9.02±3.13	4.7 - 14.7
Urea (mg/dL)*	35.81 ±17.79	11 - 63	20.14±14.77	2 - 59
UA (mg/dL)*	1.65± 1.13	0.4 - 4.2	1.51 ±0.80	0.1 - 3.5
Ca:P*	2.93±1.02	1.79 - 5.17	2.26±0.63	0.92 - 3.21
GV (g/dL)	2.36±0.71	0.9 - 3.1	2.10±0.96	1.00 - 3.80

Biochemical parameters	Sex
	Females (n=14)		Males (n=16)
	$\bar{X}$ ±SD	Min-Max	$\bar{X}$ ±SD	Min-Max
Albumin (g/dL)	2.18±0.89	0.2 - 3.5	2.25±0.68	0.8 - 3.2
AST (UI/L)	108.76 ±61.08	27 - 256	97.15± 73.55	39 - 297
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.31±0.25	0.03 - 0.8	0.45±0.20	0.05 - 0.8
CK (UI/L)*	1841.66 ±1475.47	207 - 3382	1153.83 ±1129.43	128 -3811
P (mg/dL)*	5.47±3.08	3 - 12.8	3.37±1.12	1.5 - 5.2
TP (g/dL)	4.52±1.37	1.10 - 6.40	4.28±1.28	2.1 - 6.1
tCa (mg/dL)*	13.01±5.93	4.7 - 25.2	8.42±3.46	4.3 - 16.7
Urea (mg/dL)*	27.70±15.92	4 - 61	26.6±19.31	2 - 63
UA (mg/dL)	1.15±0.70	0.1 - 2.7	1.58±1.15	0.4 - 4.2
Ca:P*	2.73±1.14	0.92 - 5.17	2.45±0.67	1.53 - 4.09
GV (g/dL)	2.29±0.82	0.90- 3.80	2.16±0.90	1 - 3.80

Effect	Estimate	Standard error	P-value	Estimate	Standard error	P-value
Effect	Albumin (g/dL)			Creatinine (mg/dL)
Intercept	1.98	0.55	0.17	0.55	0.17	<0.01
Sex (M)	0.32	0.01	0.10	0.01	0.10	0.87
Season(D)	0.03	-0.28	0.07	-0.28	0.07	<0.01
Envir (FL)	-0.51	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.50
	Phosphorus (mg/dL)			Globulin (g/dL)
Intercept	1.67	0.39	<0.01	2.25	0.79	<0.01
Sex (M)	-0.61	0.21	0.01	-0.47	0.45	0.30
Season(D)	0.07	0.15	0.64	0.28	0.32	0.37
Envir (FL)	0.06	0.12	0.64	0.35	0.26	0.20
	TP (g/dL)			Uric acid (mg/dL)
Intercept	0.40	1.25	<0.01	1.85	0.61	<0.01
Sex (M)	-0.11	0.72	0.87	-0.60	0.35	0.10
Season(D)	0.57	0.49	0.26	-0.73	0.24	<0.01
Envir (FL)	-0.07	0.41	0.81	0.42	0.20	<0.04
	CK (UI/L)
Intercept	1.16	1.55	0.47
Sex (M)	2.93	0.86	<0.01
Season(D)	1.18	0.48	0.03
Envir (FL)	0.42	0.43	0.35
	Total calcium (mg/dL)			Ca:P ratio
Intercept	0.19	0.91	<0.01	2.16	0.19	<0.01
Sex (M)	-8.92	0.34	<0.01	-2.04	0.08	0.03
Season(D)	-1.16	0.83	0.18	0.50	0.17	0.01
Envir (FL)	6.27	0.60	<0.01	1.85	0.12	0.15
Intercept	0.94	0.18	<0.01	-0.63	0.19	<0.01
Season(D)	-2.19	0.53	0.01	-2.04	0.54	<0.01
Envir (FL)	1.50	0.51	0.01	1.32	0.50	0.02
	AST (UI/L)			Urea (mg/dL)
Intercept	4.12	0.50	<0.01	3.69	0.26	<0.01
Sex (M)	0.07	0.29	0.79	-0.37	0.11	<0.01
Season(D)	0.64	0.24	0.01	-0.04	0.21	0.86
Envir (US)	0.15	0.14	0.29	0.50	0.10	<0.01
Intercept	1.16	0.17	<0.01	-0.20	0.16	0.21
Season(D)	0.63	0.28	0.04	-1.79	0.28	<0.01

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] Corresponding author:
rakpulcherio@gmail.com