Exogenous amylase increases gas production and improves in vitro ruminal digestion kinetics of sorghum and corn grains

Silva, A.S.; Pereira, L.G.R.; Pedreira, M.S.; Machado, F.S.; Campos, M.M.; Cortinhas, C.S.; Acedo, T.S.; Santos, R.D.; Rodrigues, J.P.P; Maurício, R.M.; Tomich, T.R.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12803

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Animal Science • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 75 (03) • May-Jun 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12803 copy

Exogenous amylase increases gas production and improves in vitro ruminal digestion kinetics of sorghum and corn grains

[Amilase exógena aumenta a produção de gases e melhora a cinética de digestão ruminal in vitro de grãos de sorgo e milho]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous amylase on gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro digestion kinetics of sorghum (Sorghum vulgaris) and two corn hybrids of different grain textures. Ruminal fluid was collected from two rumen-fistulated cows receiving or not exogenous amylase (0.7g kg^-1 of dry matter (DM basis)), provided to achieve 396 kilo Novo units kg^-1 for amylase activity (DM basis). Gas production was measured after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36, 42 e 48 hours of incubation. Amylase increased gas production (mL) by 5.4%. Corn hybrids have higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than sorghum. Exogenous amylase increased the potential of gas production (A) (P=0.01). There was an effect of hybrid for IVDMD (P<0.01). The addition of exogenous amylase increases the in vitro gas production, improves fermentation kinetics, and increases the production of the ammonia nitrogen of corn and sorghum grains, but does not affect in vitro and dry matter digestibility or the short-chain fatty acids production.

Keywords:
digestibility; ruminal digestion; starch granule

Item^a (g kg^-1)		Hybrids^b
Item^a (g kg^-1)	AG1051	1N1932	BRS332
DM	884	887	889
OM	977	986	982
CP	105	104	132
EE	76.8	56.3	45.6
ash	22.8	13.7	18.1
NDF	138	103	152
ADF	41.2	31.9	68.3
Lig	14.6	11.7	37.6
Starch	649	624	626
NFC	657	724	652
Vitreousness	572	739	-

Item (g kg^-1 of DM)	Diet
Maize silage	480
Tifton hay	52.6
Corn meal	211
Soybean meal	210
Limestone	9.70
Urea	5.30
Ammonium sulfate	5.30
Mineral mix^a	26.3
	Control	Amylase^b
Amylase	-	0.7
Composition
Organic Matter	915 ± 9.4	924 ± 4.1
Crude Protein	195 ± 3.7	193 ± 7.9
Ether extract	37.0 ± 2.20	37.0 ± 1.70
NDF^c	308 ± 13.1	292 ± 9.5
ADF^d	155 ± 6.3	149 ± 4.0
Starch	249 ± 20.1	251 ± 19.6

Item	CTRL			Amylase			SEM	P Value
Item	BRS332	AG1051	1M1932	BRS332	AG1051	1M1932		Hybrid	Amylase	Hyb x Amy
pH	5.90	5.80	5.80	6.0	5.9	5.9	0.07	0.05	0.11	>0.50
IVDMD (g kg^-1)	547^b	620^a	606^a	559^b	612^a	642^a	2.2	<0.01	0.31	0.36
NH₃-N (mg g^-1)	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.4	0.13	>0.50	<0.01	>0.50
Lag (hh:mm:ss)	00:30:19	00:42:40	00:43:08	00:56:39	00:40:38	00:36:39	00:09:45	>0.50	>0.50	0.19
T/2 (hh:mm:ss)	13:45:00	11:17:24	13:07:48	13:52:12	14:51:00	14:55:12	01:01:33	>0.50	0.01	0.14
A (mL)	247	226	232	247	281	257	13.0	>0.50	0.01	0.08
µ (mL h^-1)	0.063	0.064	0.059	0.054	0.053	0.054	0.01	0.17	0.01	0.09
ED5 (g kg^-1)	508^b	572^a	559^a	508^b	563^a	594^a	2.1	<0.01	>0.50	0.32

Item	CTRL			Amylase			SEM	P Value
Item	BRS332	AG1051	1M1932	BRS332	AG1051	1M1932		Hybrid	Amylase	Hyb x Amy
IVDMD (g kg^-1)	229^b	270^a	265^ab	227^b	236^b	279^a	1.5	<0.01	>0.50	0.15
NH₃-N (mg g^-1)	1.6	1.7	1.7	2.0	1.9	1.9	0.08	>0.50	<0.01	0.29
pH	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.6	0.04	0.36	>0.50	>0.50
Acetic acid (µmol mL^-1)	27.3^a	26.2^a	25.5^a	28.8^a	22.6^b	28.5^a	1.98	0.03	>0.50	>0.05
Propionic acid (µmol mL^-1)	19.1^a	19.7^a	18.8^a	24.9^a	15.7^b	22.5^a	2.22	0.008	0.10	0.001
Butyric acid (µmol mL^-1)	9.3^a	8.9^a	8.8^a	11.7^a	7.9^b	10.5^a	1.27	0.06	0.18	0.10
A:P ratio	1.5^a	1.4^a	1.4^a	1.2^b	1.6^a	1.3^b	0.09	0.18	>0.50	0.03
Total SCFA (µmol mL^-1)	55.6^a	54.9^a	53.2^a	64.0^a	46.4^b	61.6^a	5.17	0.02	0.30	0.02

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] ^*Corresponding author: thierry.tomich@embrapa.br