Varied sources and levels of zinc in Ross 308 broiler rations: Its effect on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology and microbial composition

Hashemi, R.; Palizdar, M.H.; Tabrizi, H. Mohamadian; Rostami, M.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-13119

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Animal Science • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 76 (2) • Mar-Apr 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13119 copy

Varied sources and levels of zinc in Ross 308 broiler rations: Its effect on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology and microbial composition

[Fontes e níveis variados de zinco em rações para frangos de corte Ross 308: seu efeito no desempenho, na utilização de nutrientes, na morfologia intestinal e na composição microbiana]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Broilers (n=480) were used in an experiment designated for a 3(4 factorial arrangement to investigate the efficacy of three zinc (Zn) sources (organic Zn-Methionine, inorganic Zn sulphate and Zn oxide) and four inclusion rates (zero, 60, 120 and 180mg/kg of feed). Growth performance was not affect by Zn source in the entire of experimental period, however Zn level at 180 mg/kg improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to other Zn levels (P<0.05). Inclusion of Zn-Methionine in the diet increased the population of Lactobacillus (P<0.05), while E. coli counts decreased in birds which received Zn sulphate compared with Zn oxide group (P<0.05). Inclusion 180 mg/kg of Zn decreased total intestinal aerobic bacteria in comparison to zero level (P<0.05). An improvement of intestinal villus length and width was found in treatments supplemented with organic Zn (P<0.05), Zn oxide increased intestinal crypt depth in birds as well (P<0.05). Ileal digestibility of crude protein increased in broilers received Zn at 120 and 180 mg/kg compared with zero level (P<0.05). Consequently, Zn-methionine supplement had an optimistic effect on the microbial population and intestinal morphometric variables. The level of 180mg/kg of supplemental Zn had beneficial influence on growth performance.

Keywords:
broiler; performance; source; microbiota; zinc

Ingredients	Starter (d 1 to 10)	Grower (d 11 to 24)	Finisher (d 25 to 42)
Corn	54.21	60.49	65.95
Soybean meal	39.60	33.50	28.50
Soybean oil	1.80	2.00	1.90
Limestone	0.90	0.80	0.70
Dicalcium phosphate	2.20	1.95	1.70
Salt	0.225	0.20	0.20
Vitamin premix¹	0.25	0.25	0.25
Mineral premix²	0.25	0.25	0.25
DL-Methionine	0.24	0.22	0.19
L- Lysine HCL	0.15	0.11	0.12
L-Threonine	0.025	0.03	0.04
Sodium bicarbonate	0.15	0.20	0.20
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated composition (%)
AME (kcal/kg)	2850	2940	3000
Crude protein	21.00	19.00	17.70
Lysine	1.23	1.04	0.92
Methionine	0.59	0.51	0.46
Methionine +Cysteine	0.88	0.78	0.70
Threonine	0.77	0.67	0.60
Calcium	1.02	0.89	0.80
Available Phosphorus	0.49	0.44	0.40
Zinc (mg/kg)	35.00	32.00	30.00

	Feed intake
	Starter	Grower	Finisher	Total
Zinc sources
Zinc oxide	205.92	901.15	3107.45	4214.80
Zinc sulphate	207.05	893.20	3065.60	4166.20
Zinc-methionine	206.41	914.25	3152.75	4273.60
P-Value	0.97	0.71	0.401	0.38
SEM	0.45	8.67	35.58	43.90
Levels (mg/kg)
0	231.01 ª	986.02 ª	3083.60 ^b	4301.00 ^a
60	201.80 ^b	885.27 ^b	3108.07 ^ab	4195.50 ^ab
120	194.86 ^b	850.87 ^b	2993.50 ^b	4039.40 ^b
180	197.67 ^b	889.33 ^b	3249.20 ^a	4336.80 ^a
P-Value	0.00001	0.0003	0.011	0.006
SEM	14.42	50.25	91.70	115.50
Zinc sources(Levels
P-Value	0.55	0.111	0.258	0.114
SEM	3.28	27.41	39.42	61.30

	Body weight gain
	Starter	Grower	Finisher	Total
Zinc sources
Zinc oxide	173.40	544.50	1539.60	2258.00
Zinc sulphate	178.80	547.40	1497.60	2224.00
Zinc-methionine	175.80	565.70	1579.80	2221.00
P-Value	0.326	0.164	0.258	0.135
SEM	2.21	9.38	33.50	40.10
Levels (mg/kg)
0	184.80 ^a	598.00 ^a	1467.60 ^b	2251.00 ^b
60	175.80 ^ab	544.80 ^b	1527.60 ^b	2249.00 ^b
120	175.04 ^ab	537.70 ^b	1449.30 ^b	2163.00 ^b
180	186.40 ^b	529.20 ^b	1711.60 ^a	2409.00 ^a
P-Value	0.036	0.0001	0.0001	0.0006
SEM	5.88	26.87	103.70	88.80
Zinc sources(Levels
P-Value	0.507	0.268	0.535	0.310
SEM	3.43	12.73	48.51	49.20

		Feed conversion ratio
		Starter		Grower		Finisher		Total
Zinc sources
Zinc oxide		1.18		1.64		2.02		1.86
Zinc sulphate		1.15		1.62		2.04		1.86
Zinc-methionine		1.16		1.61		2.01		1.84
P-Value		0.342		0.563		0.662		0.526
SEM		0.003		0.042		0.22		0.038
Levels (mg/kg)
0		1.24 ^a		1.74 ^a		2.10 ^a		1.96 ^a
60		1.14 ^bc		1.60 ^b		2.04 ^a		1.86 ^a
120		1.11 ^c		1.59 ^b		2.06 ^a		1.86 ^a
180		1.17 ^b		1.67 ^a		1.91 ^b		1.80 ^b
P-Value		0.0001		0.135		0.0002		0.004
SEM		0.044		0.050		0.064		0.054
Zinc sources(Levels
P-Value		0.0211		0.516		0.405		0.577
SEM		0.017		0.041		0.037		0.041
Source × Level interactions for feed conversion ratio in starter period
zero	^†ZO ×60	ZO×120	ZO×180	ZS×60	ZS×120	ZS×180	ZM×60	ZM×120	ZM×180
1.19 ^a	1.15 ^b	1.13^bc	1.17^ab	1.15 ^b	1.11 ^c	1.15 ^b	1.14 ^b	1.12^bc	1.18^ab

			Microbial count (cfu/g)
			Lactobacillus		Coliforms		Total aerobic bacteria
Zinc sources
Zinc oxide			0.895 ^b		0.901 ^a		0.913
Zinc sulphate			0.885 ^b		0.885 ^b		0.913
Zinc-methionine			0.906 ^a		0.892 ^ab		0.914
P-Value			0.001		0.028		0.981
SEM			0.04		0.01		0.028
Levels (mg/kg)					0.899
0			0.890		0.890		0.915 ^a
60			0.898		0.893		0.913 ^ab
120			0.899		0.894		0.918 ^a
180			0.894		0.884		0.908 ^b
P-Value			0.111		0.114		0.018
SEM			0.063		0.007		0.043
Zinc sources(Levels
P-Value			0.0003		0.261		0.677
SEM			0.005		0.016		0.039
Source × Level interactions for Lactobacillus count
zero	^†ZO ×60	ZO×120	ZO×180	ZS×60	ZS×120	ZS×180	ZM×60	ZM×120	ZM×180
0.899 ^d	0.902 ^c	0.907 ^b	0.899 ^d	0.894 ^d	0.904 ^b	0.901 ^c	0.914 ^a	0.917 ^a	0.913 ^a

	Morphometric indices (µm)
	Villus length	Villus width	Crypt depth
Zinc sources
Zinc oxide	1339^b	183 ^ab	192 ^a
Zinc sulphate	1347 ^ab	176^b	175 ^b
Zinc-methionine	1350 ^a	185 ^a	185^ab
P-Value	0.003	0.009	0.01
SEM	6.21	8.97	11.74
Levels (mg/kg)
0	1346 ^b	185	182
60	1329 ^c	183	180
120	1347 ^b	182	187
180	1359 ^a	179	185
P-Value	0.03	0.121	0.008
SEM	23.04	7.61	2.47
Zinc sources(Levels
P-Value	0.45	0.19	0.37
SEM	12.27	6.34	5.76

	Nutrient digestibility (%)
	Dry matter	Crude protein	Total ash
Zinc sources
Zinc oxide	80.29	70.79	61.11
Zinc sulphate	80.95	70.56	62.03
Zinc-methionine	85.57	71.69	65.38
P-Value	0.89	0.26	0.11
SEM	2.45	0.86	0.96
Levels (mg/kg)
0	75.06 ^b	65.55 ^b	61.93
60	78.47 ^ab	69.21 ^ab	61.89
120	80.53 ^ab	71.20 ^a	61.95
180	83.38 ^a	71.86 ^a	60.99
P-Value	0.036	0.02	0.11
SEM	2.27	3.46	0.74
Zinc sources(Levels
P-Value	0.48	0.56	0.26
SEM	1.68	0.41	0.67

	Serum indices (mg/dl)
	Uric acid	Cholesterol	TG	Albumin	Total protein	HDL
Zinc sources
Zinc oxide	3.46	104.90	93.35	1.32	3.72	77.50
Zinc sulphate	3.73	109.85	100.75	1.49	4.15	74.85
Zinc-methionine	3.93	100.45	98.10	1.42	4.01	75.15
P-Value	0.51	0.335	0.70	0.307	0.298	0.587
SEM	0.197	3.84	3.06	0.063	0.178	1.18
Levels (mg/kg)
0	3.48	93.00	93.80	1.18 ^b	3.56	79.40
60	4.30	108.13	103.53	1.46 ^a	4.03	74.86
120	3.44	110.93	90.27	1.53 ^a	4.17	72.66
180	3.61	108.20	102.00	1.46 ^a	4.08	76.40
P-Value	0.23	0.0609	0.509	0.037	0.246	0.218
SEM	0.344	7.05	5.53	0.134	0.230	2.45
Zinc sources(Levels
P-Value	0.672	0.654	0.981	0.149	0.594	0.557
SEM	0.257	6.02	4.41	0.083	0.195	2.07

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Corresponding author: paliz@iauc.ac.ir