The recent development of new drugs, particularly the somatostatin analogues (SRIFa), represents a great advance in the therapy of pituitary tumours. SRIFas are very effective in normalizing GH and IGF-1 levels in acromegaly and may be an effective alternative to transsphenoidal surgery. However, their usefulness as primary therapy for acromegaly is limited due to the small effect on tumour size. According to early data from clinical trials, pegvisomant, a GH receptor antagonist, seems to be a promising therapeutic tool in the management of acromegalic patients. This drug induces significant clinical improvement and normalization of IGF-1 levels in nearly all patients. However, it does not induce tumor shrinkage. Dopamine agonists (DA) are the preferred therapy for both symptomatic microprolactinomas and macroprolactinomas; their use result in normalization of prolactin levels and tumor shrinkage in most treated patients. They also may be useful in acromegaly, mainly in patients whose adenoma co-secrete prolactin and those with mild elevation of GH and IGF-1 levels. Due to its greater effectiveness and better tolerability, cabergoline represents the DA of choice for the management of prolactinomas and acromegaly.
Pituitary Adenomas; Treatment; Somatostatin analogues; Dopamine agonists; GH receptor antagonists
