Fatty acid-binding protein 4 circulating levels in non-segmental vitiligo

Farag, Azza Gaber Antar; Badr, Eman A.E; El-Shafey, Asmaa El-Shafey Soliman; Elshaib, Mustafa Elsayed

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2021.04.014

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • An. Bras. Dermatol. 97 (01) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2021.04.014 copy

Fatty acid-binding protein 4 circulating levels in non-segmental vitiligo^* * Study conducted at the Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background:

Vitiligo is an acquired and progressive mucocutaneous disease resulting from the loss of active epidermal melanocytes. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects about 25% of the world’s population and is linked to inflammatory skin diseases including vitiligo. Fatty AcidBinding Protein 4 (FABP4) is an intracellular lipid chaperone. FABP4 is closely associated with MetS.

Objectives:

To evaluate the serum level of FABP4 in vitiligo patients and its relation to MetS in the investigated cases.

Methods:

This case control study was conducted on 45 patients having non segmental vitiligo and 45 matched controls. Their lipid profile, blood glucose and serum FABP4 levels were measured.

Results:

There were significant elevations in FABP4 (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.005), and glucose (fasting [p = 0.001] and 2 hours post prandial [p < 0.001]) levels in patients in comparison with controls. MetS was significantly more prevalent among vitiligo patients (p < 0.001) and associated with high FABP4 serum levels (p = 0.037). In vitiligo patients, there were significant positive correlations between FABP4 serum levels and triglycerides (p = 0.047), cholesterol (p = 0.001) and LDL (p = 0.001) levels and negative correlation regarding HDL level (p = 0.009). FABP4 level was a significantly good diagnostic test for early detection of vitiligo (p < 0.001).

Study limitations:

The small number of studied subjects.

Conclusions:

FABP4 may play an active role in the disease process of vitiligo that could be mediated through associated dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. FABP4 may be a marker of vitiligo helping in its early diagnosis, but it does not appear to be useful for determining vitiligo severity, activity or associated MetS.

KEYWORDS
Fatty acid-binding proteins; Metabolic syndrome; Vitiligo

Demographic data	Patients (n = 45)	Controls (n = 45)	Test of significance	p-value
Sex Male	25 (55.6)	27 (60.0)	χ² = 0.18	0.670
Female	20 (44.4)	18 (40.0)
Age (years) Mean ± SD Median	35.51 ± 15.98 34	32.89 ± 13.56 30	U = 0.84	0.404
Range	11-65	14-65
BMI (kg/m²) Mean ± SD Median	29.53 ± 5.02 29	23.89 ± 2.40 24	t = 6.80	<0.001^a a Significant.
Range	19-37	20-28
SBP (mmHg) Mean ± SD Median	119.78 ± 15.15 120	117.56 ± 14.79 120	t = 0.70	0.483
Range	100-150	100-150
DBP (mmHg) Mean ± SD Median	75.33 ± 8.69 70	77.11 ± 8.43 80	t = 0.99	0.327
Rage	60-90	60-90
Age of disease onset (years) Mean ± SD Median	30.96 ± 15.35 29
Range	7-63
Duration of disease (years) Mean ± SD Median	4.69 ± 4.89 4
Range	1-30
VASI score Mean ± SD Median	26.42 + 25.44 18
Range	1-90
Type	n (%)
Acrofacial	7 (15.6)
Focal	15 (33.3)
Universalis	4 (8.9)
Vulgaris	19 (42.2)
VIDA score 0	13 (28.9)
1	4 (8.9)
2	7 (15.6)
3	10 (22.2)
4	11 (24.4)
VASI score Mean±SD Median	26.42 + 25.44 18
Range	1-90
Leucotricia Positive	3 (6.7)
Negative	42 (93.3)
Koebnerization Positive	6 (13.3)
Negative	39 (86.7)
Family history Positive	10 (22.2)
Negative	35 (77.8)

Variables	Patients (n = 45)	Controls (n = 45)	Test of significance	p-value
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	207.16 ± 46.51	171.36 ± 38.05	t = 4.00	<0.001a
Median	208	165.7
Range	121-300	114.0-270.9
TG (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	143.84 ± 55.80	117.44 ± 27.44	U=2.85^a a Significant.	0.005^a a Significant.
Median	140	117
Range	35-268	70.9-111.0
LDL (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	125.24 ± 49.40	110.18 ± 36.89	U = 1.64	0.105
Median	111	113
Range	26-214	35.5-203.0
HDL (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	42.27 ± 14.06	45.53 ± 4.90	t = 1.47	0.145
Median	40	45
Range	13-105		32-57
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	89.44 ± 15.93	80.11 ± 8.36	t=3.48	0.001^a a Significant.
Median	90	80
Range	65-120		70-95
2 h post prandial blood sugar (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	122.89 ± 27.10	106.00 ± 11.56	t = 3.85	<0.001^a a Significant.
Median	120	100
Range	90-190		90-130

Variables	Patients (n = 45) n (%)	Controls (n = 4) n (%)	χ²	p-value
MetS Positive	13 (28.9)	0	15.20	<0.001^a a Significant.
Negative	32 (71.1)	45 (100.0)

Variables	FABP4 (ng/mL) in patients (n = 45)	t-test	p-value
MetS	Mean ± SD
Positive	55.85 ± 15.87
Negative	45.53 ± 14.04	2.15	0.037^a a Significant.
VASI score	r		p-value
	-0.21		0.162

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: azzagaber92@yahoo.com (A.G. Farag).

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Fatty acid-binding protein 4 circulating levels in non-segmental vitiligo* * Study conducted at the Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.

Abstract

Background:

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Study limitations:

Conclusions:

Fatty acid-binding protein 4 circulating levels in non-segmental vitiligo^* * Study conducted at the Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.