Women Physicians: Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

Mailing Address: Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Av. Pedro Calmon, 550. Postal Code 21941-901, Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil E-mail: glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com

Author Contributions

Conception and design of the research: Oliveira GMM, Lemke VG, Paiva MSMO, Mariano GZ, Silva ERGA, Silva SCTF, Santos MA, Barbosa ICQ, Lantieri CJB, Duarte ER, Izar MCO, Anzolch KJ, Gerez MAE, Ramos MVO, Lopes MAAAM, Nascimento EM; Acquisition of data: Oliveira GMM, Lemke VG, Paiva MSMO, Mariano GZ, Silva ERGA, Silva SCTF, Santos MA, Barbosa ICQ, Lantieri CJB, Duarte ER, Izar MCO, Anzolch KJ, Gerez MAE, Ramos MVO, Lopes MAAAM; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Oliveira GMM, Lemke VG, Paiva MSMO, Mariano GZ, Silva ERGA, Silva SCTF, Santos MA, Barbosa ICQ, Lantieri CJB, Duarte ER, Izar MCO, Anzolch KJ, Gerez MAE, Ramos MVO, Lopes MAAAM, Nascimento EM, Wenger NK; Statistical analysis: Oliveira GMM, Lemke VG, Paiva MSMO, Nascimento EM; Writing of the manuscript: Oliveira GMM, Lemke VG, Paiva MSMO, Wenger NK

Potential Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil

Cardiocare, Curitiba, PR – Brazil

Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Natal, RN – Brazil

Hospital São João Batista, Criciúma, SC – Brazil

Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, SP – Brazil

CEMISE, Aracaju, SE – Brazil

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB – Brazil

Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP – Brazil

Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brazil

Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil

Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares, São José do Rio Preto, SP – Brazil

Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, MA – Brazil

Real Hospital Português, Recife, PE – Brazil

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazl

Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia – USA

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Classification tree corresponding to the outcome ‘emotional exhaustion,’ one of the dimensions of Burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory). WorkEnvir: work environment; CapWork: capability for work; TreatmNeed: need for medical treatment; QoL: quality of life; NegFeel: negative feelings; PersSatisf: satisfaction with personal relations; SexSatisf: satisfaction with sexual life; TranspSatisf: satisfaction with transportation.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Classification tree corresponding to the outcome ‘disengagement.’, another dimension of Burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory). CapWork: capability for work; CareOthers: care for others; HealthyEnviron: healthy environment; LifeSafe: life safety; WorkEnvir: work environment.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
The polychoric correlation matrix is a network where the nodes were the variables, and the weights on the edges represented the polychoric correlation coefficient. The thickness of the edges and the transparency were given by the correlation coefficient’s magnitude between the nodes. Dimensions of Burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory): (A) Emotional exhaustion without burnout; (B) Emotional exhaustion with burnout; (C) Disengagement without burnout; (D) Disengagement with burnout. (*). With burnout: amS: healthy environment; amT: work environment; cdd: caring for others adds meaning to life; cnc: concentration; cpT: capability for work; enr: energy; otm: optimism in challenging times; qlV: quality of life; sgV: life safety; snN: negative feelings; stP: satisfaction with personal relations; stS: satisfaction with sexual life; stT: satisfaction with transportation; Trt: need for medical treatment. (*) More details for understanding the polychoric correlation matrix can be seen in the supplementary material.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Beta regression model for the dimension of burnout emotional exhaustion, one of the dimensions of Burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory)

Thumbnail

Table 2
Beta regression model for the dimension of burnout disengagement, another dimension of Burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory)

Predictive variables	Estimate (95% CI)	p
Workplace (suburb or surroundings of a big city)	0.328 (0.139; 0.516)	0.001 ***
Workplace (mid-sized city)	0.358 (0.105; 0.611)	0.006 **
Workplace (small city)	-0.265 (-0.571; 0.04)	0.089 .
Time allocation for household chores (6-10 hours/week)	-0.05 (-0.184; 0.084)	0.469
Time allocation for household chores (11-20 hours/week)	-0.139 (-0.259; -0.019)	0.023 *
Time allocation for household chores (> 20 hours/week)	-0.122 (-0.226; -0.018)	0.022 *
Wage range (US$ 500-1000)	0.205 (-0.314; 0.724)	0.439
Wage range (US$ 1000-2000)	-0.374 (-0.816; 0.068)	0.097 .
Wage range (US$ 2000-4000)	0.252 (-0.047; 0.552)	0.099 .
Wage range (> US$ 4000)	-0.233 (-0.412; -0.054)	0.011 *
Work environment (poor)	-0.479 (-0.806; -0.153)	0.004 **
Work environment (regular)	0.193 (-0.084; 0.471)	0.172
Work environment (good)	-0.049 (-0.251; 0.152)	0.630
Work environment (excellent)	-0.005 (-0.136; 0.125)	0.937
Quality of life	-0.186 (-0.261; -0.111)	< 0.001 ***
Physical pain	0.06 (-0.004; 0.124)	0.064 .
Need for treatment	0.067 (0.01; 0.124)	0.020 *
Energy	-0.395 (-0.479; -0.311)	< 0.001 ***
Time allocation for leisure	-0.09 (-0.162; -0.019)	0.013 *
Work commute	0.102 (0.038; 0.167)	0.002 **
Capability for work	-0.183 (-0.258; -0.108)	< 0.001 ***
Satisfaction with personal relations	-0.109 (-0.176; -0.042)	0.001 ***
Satisfaction with sexual life	-0.058 (-0.108; -0.008)	0.023 *
Satisfaction with household	0.07 (-0.001; 0.142)	0.055 .
Satisfaction with transportation	-0.156 (-0.233; -0.078)	< 0.001 ***
Negative feelings	0.246 (0.181; 0.311)	< 0.001 ***

Predictive variables	Estimate (95% CI)	p
Marital status (married or with a partner)	0.231 (0.089; 0.373)	0.001 ***
Marital status (separated or divorced)	0.187 (0.008; 0.366)	0.041 *
Marital status (widow)	0.307 (-0.06; 0.674)	0.101
Workplace (suburb or surroundings of a big city)	0.364 (0.184; 0.544)	< 0.001 ***
Workplace (mid-sized city)	0.239 (-0.008; 0.485)	0.058 .
Workplace (small city)	-0.123 (-0.423; 0.177)	0.422
Workload (21-36 hours)	-0.045 (-0.194; 0.105)	0.560
Workload (37-48 hours)	0.038 (-0.089; 0.166)	0.557
Workload (49-60 hours)	-0.051 (-0.161; 0.059)	0.365
Workload (> 60 hours)	0.084 (-0.008; 0.177)	0.074 .
Time allocation for household chores (6-10 hours/week)	-0.119 (-0.251; 0.013)	0.078 .
Time allocation for household chores (11-20 hours/week)	-0.164 (-0.281; -0.047)	0.006 **
Time allocation for household chores (> 20 hours/week)	-0.238 (-0.338; -0.139)	< 0.001 ***
Time allocation for leisure (6-10 hours/week)	0.167 (-0.032; 0.366)	0.101
Time allocation for leisure (11-20 hours/week)	0.16 (-0.011; 0.33)	0.067 .
Time allocation for leisure (> 20 hours/week)	0.057 (-0.08; 0.194)	0.417
Pandemic income (20% reduction)	-0.141 (-0.282; 0)	0.050 *
Pandemic income (21-50% reduction)	0.016 (-0.119; 0.15)	0.820
Pandemic income (≥ 50% reduction)	0.134 (0.006; 0.262)	0.040 *
Pandemic income (increase)	0.114 (0.005; 0.223)	0.041 *
Work environment (poor)	-0.454 (-0.756; -0.153)	0.003 **
Work environment (regular)	0.01 (-0.242; 0.262)	0.938
Work environment (good)	-0.1 (-0.283; 0.083)	0.283
Work environment (excellent)	0.059 (-0.061; 0.178)	0.336
Physical pain	0.082 (0.027; 0.137)	0.004 **
Concentration	-0.144 (-0.226; -0.062)	0.001 ***
Life safety	-0.142 (-0.225; -0.059)	0.001 ***
Healthy environment	-0.12 (-0.193; -0.047)	0.001 ***
Energy	-0.201 (-0.283; -0.12)	< 0.001 ***
Acceptance of physical appearance	-0.065 (-0.125; -0.005)	0.034 *
Satisfaction with ability to perform daily tasks	0.109 (0.031; 0.187)	0.006 **
Capability for work	-0.249 (-0.332; -0.167)	< 0.001 ***
Satisfaction with sexual life	-0.08 (-0.128; -0.032)	0.001 ***
Caring for others adds meaning to life	-0.236 (-0.311; -0.161)	< 0.001 ***
Optimism	-0.12 (-0.188; -0.052)	0.001 ***

[1] Mailing Address: Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Av. Pedro Calmon, 550. Postal Code 21941-901, Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brazil E-mail: glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Women Physicians: Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion