During the Neotropical review of Celtis, a new species (Celtis atlantica) endemic and endangered to southeastern Brazil was discovered. A morphological description, a distribution map, conservation status, taxonomic notes, illustrations, and an identification key of the Celtis from the Southern Cone and Brazil are provided.
Keywords:
Atlantic rainforest; Brachyteles hypoxanthus; Cannabaceae; Celtis; Cerrado; endocarp; Mertensia; Neotropics; taxonomy; and Urticalean
| Characteristic | C. atlantica | C. orthacanthos | C. tala |
|---|---|---|---|
| Habit | Tree not climbing | Climbing shrub | Tree not climbing |
| Leaf (size cm) | 6-12.5 × 2-5 | 4-12.5 × 1.5-5.5 | 1.7-5 × 0.8-2.5 |
| Leaf (apex) | Acuminate to caudate | Acuminate | Acute to attenuate |
| Leaf (base) | Attenuate to cuneate | Obtuse, rounded to sub-cordate | Obtuse |
| Perfect flower (indumentum ovary) | Glabrous to subglabrous | Subglabrous to pilose | Glabrous to subglabrous |
| Pistilate flower (length of style) | 0.6-1 mm | 0.6-1 mm | Null |
| Pistilate flower (stigmatic lobes) | Bifid (1-1.5 mm deep) | Bifid (3-4 mm deep) | Bilobate (0.1-0.5 mm deep) |
| Drupe (size mm) | 10-13 × 5-6.5 | 11.5-13 × 9.5-10.5 | 4-7 × 3-5 |
| Pyrene (size mm) | 5.5-10 × 5.5-7 | 7-9 × 5-6 | 3.5-4 × 3-4 |
| Pyrene (form) | Ovate | Ovate | Globose |
| Pyrene (apiculum) | Present | Present | Absent |
| Pyrene (apiculum scar) | Absent | Present | Absent |
| Pyrene (ornamentation) | Verrucose | Alveolate-crateriform | Verrucose |
| Distribution areas | Southeast Brazil | Southeast and Northeast Brazil | Southern Bolivia and Brazil, eastern, central and western Argentina, and throughout Uruguay |
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