Allelopathic suppression by <i>Conyza canadensis</i> depends on the interaction between latitude and the degree of the plant’s invasion

Wang, Congyan; Jiang, Kun; Zhou, Jiawei; Liu, Jun

doi:10.1590/0102-33062017abb0045

Congyan Wang ^** Corresponding author: liuyuexue623@163.com

Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China

Kun Jiang

Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China

Jiawei Zhou

Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China

Jun Liu

Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China

* Corresponding author: liuyuexue623@163.com

Figures (2)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
The local geographic location of the three sampling sites. The triangles represent the geographic location of the three sampling sites.

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Figure 2
The indices of L. sativa under the addition of C. canadensis leaf exacts with different invasion degrees (L, low; M, moderate; H, high) along a latitudinal gradient (SY, Shenyang; JN, Jinan; ZJ, Zhenjiang). Data with different capital letters indicate a significant difference between the three sampling sites at the same invasion degree and data with different lower case letters indicate a significant difference between the three invasion degrees in the same sampling site ( P < 0.05). Note: white bar, low invasion degree; grey bar, medium invasion degree; black bar, high invasion degree.

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Table 1
Differences in the indices of L. sativa under the addition of C. canadensis leaf exacts with different latitudinal gradients. Data with different letters in a vertical row indicate a significant difference ( P < 0.05). Abbreviations: H, seedling height (cm); RL, root length (cm); BM, seedling biomass (g); GPe, germination percentage (%); GPo, germination potential (%); GI, germination index; GRI, germination rate index; VI, vigor index.

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Table 2
Differences in the indices of L. sativa under the addition of C. canadensis leaf exacts with different invasion degrees. Data with different letters in a vertical row indicate a significant difference ( P < 0.05). “ns” means no significant difference ( P > 0.05). Abbreviations: H, seedling height (cm); RL, root length (cm); BM, seedling biomass (g); GPe, germination percentage (%); GPo, germination potential (%); GI, germination index; GRI, germination rate index; VI, vigor index.

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Table 3
Two-way ANOVAs on the effects of latitude gradient and invasion stage on the indices of L. sativa. Abbreviations: H, seedling height (cm); RL, root length (cm); BM, seedling biomass (g); GPe, germination percentage (%); GPo, germination potential (%); GI, germination index; GRI, germination rate index; VI, vigor index.

	H	RL	BM	GPe	GPo	GI	GRI	VI
Control	2.14±0.11b	3.10±0.49a	0.20±0.01a	90.00±2.79a	76.00±1.63a	52.58±1.40a	47.29±1.77a	10.71±0.58a
Low latitude	3.09±0.07a	1.97±0.08b	0.22±0.01a	86.67±1.22ab	76.67±2.16a	44.49±1.83ab	38.71±1.94ab	9.70±0.55ab
Middle latitude	2.64±0.04a	1.47±0.04c	0.20±0.00a	80.00±1.53bc	74.22±1.47a	39.41±0.77c	31.60±1.06b	7.84±0.28b
High latitude	2.08±0.25b	0.99±0.14d	0.13±0.02b	75.13±4.11c	34.36±8.75b	23.96±4.44d	19.80±4.31c	3.93±1.04c

	H	RL	BM	GPe	GPo	GI	GRI	VI
Control	2.14±0.11ns	3.10±0.49a	0.20±0.01ns	90.00±2.79ns	76.00±1.63ns	52.58±1.40a	47.29±1.77a	10.71±0.58a
Low degree	2.47±0.24ns	1.35±0.17b	0.17±0.02ns	78.22±3.33ns	55.78±9.03ns	33.49±4.32b	27.86±3.97b	6.65±1.11b
Moderate degree	2.52±0.16ns	1.71±0.15b	0.18±0.01ns	79.49±2.77ns	60.77±7.39ns	36.73±3.92b	30.11±3.79b	7.26±1.06ab
High degree	2.88±0.06ns	1.47±0.06b	0.20±0.01ns	84.67±1.55ns	72.22±2.15ns	39.34±1.47b	33.52±1.77b	8.00±0.44ab

		PH	RL	BM	GPe	GPo	GI	GRI	VI
Latitude gradient	F	26.97	38.13	33.04	6.06	96.82	51.46	29.38	44.08
	P	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0014	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Invasion stage	F	4.09	1.52	4.05	1.60	12.84	1.29	1.17	0.89
	P	0.0232	0.2298	0.0240	0.2121	< 0.0001	0.2845	0.3196	0.4163
Latitude gradient * Invasion stage	F	12.81	7.28	9.26	2.90	30.34	24.52	15.28	16.15
	P	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0174	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

[1] * Corresponding author: liuyuexue623@163.com

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Allelopathic suppression by Conyza canadensis depends on the interaction between latitude and the degree of the plant’s invasion

ABSTRACT