An updated checklist reveals strong incongruities with previous studies: insights after revisiting a regional orchid list

Pessoa, Edlley; Silva, Maycon Jordan Costa da; Oliveira, Miguel Sena de; Silva Junior, Wagner Ribeiro da; Ferreira, Alessandro Wagner Coelho

doi:10.1590/0102-33062020abb0487

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Original Article • Acta Bot. Bras. 36 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0487 copy

An updated checklist reveals strong incongruities with previous studies: insights after revisiting a regional orchid list

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

An updated checklist of the Orchidaceae from the state of Maranhão is provided. We confirmed 51 genera and 119 species, of which the most representative genera are Habenaria (17 spp.), Catasetum (14 spp.) and Epidendrum (10 spp.). Our checklist includes 30 species that are not listed in the Flora do Brasil for the state, many of which, however, have been recorded in previous publications. Thus, excluding these, six species are cited here for the first time to Maranhão, all of which are also new records for the Brazilian Northeast region. Comparing such data with previous lists, with 103 and 105 species, we detected a strong incongruity among the data. Of the former list, 25 species lack vouchers from the state and were not collected in our expeditions, thus these taxa are not confirmed, while of the latter we found 20 species that are also not confirmed for the same reasons. A list with the 34 excluded taxa is provided. Most of the collection effort in the state coincides with university campuses, and the northwestern region is the most species rich, but unfortunately it is also the most threatened area.

Keywords:
Amazon; Cerrado; Maranhão; Orchidaceae; transition zone

Species	Vouchers	Habit	Ecossystem
Aganisia pulchella Lindl.	J.B.F. Silva 224 (MG 145508)	E	Amaz.
Aspasia variegata Lindl.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 01 (SLUI 5724); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 02 (SLUI 5725)	E	Amaz.
Bletia catenulata Ruiz & Pav.	J.B.F. Silva et al. 475 (MG 148492); T.M. Sanaiotti 159 (MG146955)	T	Cerr.
Brassavola gardneri Cogn.	A.C. Sevilha 5411 (CEN 97578); W.R. Silva-Júnior et al. s.n. (SLUI 5787); W.R. Silva-Júnior et al. s.n. (SLUI 5788)	E	Cerr.
Brassia caudata (L.) Lindl.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 05 (SLUI 5726); R.L. Froés 34481 (IAN 103300)	E	Amaz.
Bulbophyllum setigerum Lindl.	J.B.F. Silva & A. Oliveira 475 (MG 150590)	E	Amaz.
Campylocentrum matogrossense Hoehne	R.L. Fróes 34394 (IAN 103733)	E	Amaz.
C. micranthum (Lindl.) Maury	J. Jangoux & R.P. Bahia 684 (MG 71207); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 06 (SLUI 5727).	E	Amaz.
C. pachyrrhyzum (Rchb. f.) Rolfe	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 07 (SLUI 5728)	E	Amaz.
Catasetum albuquerquei Oliveira & J.B.F. da Silva	J.B.F. Silva, & R. Carrenho 518 (MG 150573)	E	Amaz.
C. barbatum (Lindl.) Lindl.	J.B.F. Silva 796 (MG 156472); J.B.F. Silva 209 (MG 145493); M.S. Oliveira 03 (MAR 11510)	E	Cerr.
C. bifidum Oliveira & J.B.F. da Silva	J.B.F. Silva 523 (MG 156672)	E	Cerr.
C. carolinianum Miranda & K.G. Lacerda	J.B.F. Silva s.n. (MG 140889)	E	Cerr.
C. carrenhianum Oliveira & J.B.F. da Silva	J.B.F. Silva & R. Carrenho 520 (MG 150572)	E	Amaz.
C. ciliatum Barb.Rodr.	M.S. Oliveira & A.W.C. Ferreira 130 (MAR 11513)	E	Cerr.
C. discolor Linden & Rchb.f.	R.L. Fróes 34566 (IAN 103385); O. Silva 72 (IAN 181086)	T	Amaz.
C. galeritum Rch.f.	J.B.F. Silva 74 (MG 138849)	E	Amaz.
C. lanciferum Lindl.*^, ##	J.B.F. Silva 128 (MG 138897)	E	Amaz.
C. macrocarpum Rich. ex Kunth	M.S. Oliveira 07 (HABIT 3432); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 09 (SLUI 5730)	E	Amaz./Cerr.
C. maranhense K.G. Lacerda & J.B.F. da Silva	M.S. Oliveira 166 (HABIT 3423); J.B.F. Silva 90 (MG 138861); M.S. Oliveira 159 (MAR 11516)	E	Cerr.
C. palmeirinhense Oliveira & J.B.F. da Silva	J.B.F. Silva 510 (MG 156673)	E	Cerr.
C. rigidum Oliveira & J.B.F. da Silva	J.B.F. Silva 825 (MG 156674)	E	Cerr.
C. seccoi Oliveira & J.B.F. da Silva	J.B.F. Silva & R. Carrenho 528 (MG 150574); M.S. Oliveira 50 (MAR 11518);	E	Cerr.
Cattleya nobilior Rchb.f.	M.J.C. Silva et al.10 (SLUI 5789);	E	Cerr.
Cleistes rosea Lindl.	A.C.A.M. Araújo s.n. (IAN 189475); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5790)	T	Amaz./Cerr.
Coryanthes speciosa Hook.	M.J.C. Silva et al. 12 (SLUI 5731); M.J.C. Silva et al. s.n. (SLUI 5732)	E	Amaz.
Cycnoches pentadactylon Lindl.*^, ##	A.C. Sevilha 5783 (CEN 97945)	E	Cerr.
Cyrtopodium blanchetii Rchb.f.	R.C. Oliveira 426 (HEPH)	T	Cerr.
C. cristatum Lindl.	A.C. Sevilha 5606 (CEN 97773)	T	Cerr.
C. holstii L.C. Menezes	J.B.F. Silva 907 (MG 150581)	T	Amaz.
C. poecilum Rchb.f. & Warm.	J.A.N. Batista 1374 (CEN 46066)	T	Cerr.
C. virescens Rchb.f. & Warm.	G. Pereira-Silva 14669 (CEN 83971)	T	Cerr.
Dichaea picta Rchb.f.	R.L. Fróes 34403 (IAN 103733) W.R. Silva-Junior et al. s.n. (SLUI 5733)	E	Amaz.
Dimerandra emarginata G. Mey	M.F. Pires & L.P. Felix 157 (EAN 10461); W.R. Silva-Junior et al. s.n. (SLUI 5734)	E	Amaz.
Encyclia granitica (Lindl.) Schltr.	R.L. Fróes 1998 (NY 1031698)	E	Amaz.
E. linearifolioides (Kraenzl.) Hoehne	G. Pereira-Silva 13402 (CEN 91568)	E	Cerr.
Epidendrum amapense Hágsater & L. Sanchez	R.L. Fróes 34390 (IAN 103731)	E	Amaz.
E. amblostomoides Hoehne	M.J.C. Silva et al.16 (SLUI 5700); M.J.C. Silva et al. 17 (SLUI 5701)	E	Cerr.
E. anceps Jacq.	A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5699)	E	Amaz.
E. carpophorum Barb. Rodr.	A.B. Almeida 1235282 (UB); M.J.C. Silva et al. s.n. (SLUI 5698); M.J.C. Silva et al. 21(SLUI 5700)	E	Amaz./Cerr.
E. ciliare L.	A.W.C. Ferreira 29 (SLUI 5711); K.N. Santos & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5712)	E	Amaz.
E. flexuosum G. Mey	J.M. Pires & G.A. Black 1753a (IAN 50332)	E	Cerr.
E. macrocarpum Rich.	A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5713); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5714); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5715)	E	Amaz./Cerr.
E. purpurascens Focke.	E.R. Pansarin s.n. (LBMBP 660); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.(SLUI 5716); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5717); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5718)	E	Amaz.
E. rigidum Jacq.	G.T. Prance 1980 (NY418392); W.R. Silva-Junior et al. s.n. (SLUI 5719); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 38 (SLUI 5720)	E	Amaz.
E. strobiliferum Rchb.f.	L.R. Marinho & G. Pinheiro 620 (IAN 154392); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5721); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5722); K.N. Santos & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5723)	E	Amaz.
Epistephium ellipticum R.O. Williams & Summerh.	J.B.F. Silva et al. 873 (MG 157193)	T	Amaz.
E. parviflorum Lindl.*^, ##	P. Lisboa s.n. (MG2528)	T	Cerr.
E. sclerophyllum Lindl.	G. Marinho s.n. (IAN 187860)	T	Cerr.
Erycina pusilla (L.) N.H. Williams & M.W.Chase	G.A. Black et al. 54-16504 (IAN 83902); A.W.C. Ferreira 42 (SLUI 5735); M.G. Silva 5552 (MG 84382)	E	Amaz.
Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle	M.F. Simon 2724 (CEN 95330)	T	Cerr.
Galeandra blanchetii E.S. Rand	M.S. Oliveira 95 (MAR 11519); K.N. Santos & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5806)	E	Amaz./Cerr.
G. montana Barb Rodr.	M.S. Oliveira 157 (HABIT 3434); M.S. Oliveira & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5791)	T	Cerr.
G. styllomisantha (Vell.) Hoehne	J.B.F. Silva 542 (MG 149896); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5792)	T	Cerr.
Gomesa fuscopetala (Hoehne) M.W. Chase & N.H. Williams	M.J.C. Silva et al. 46 (SLUI 5793);	E	Cerr.
G. macropetala (Lindl.) M.W. Chase & N.H. Williams	M.J.C. Silva et al. 47 (SLUI 5794);	E	Cerr.
Gongora nigrita Lindl.	B.G.S. Ribeiro & G.S. Pinheiro 1284 (IAN 151943); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5736); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5737)	E	Amaz.
G. quinquenervis Ruiz & Pavon.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 50 (SLUI 5738); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 51 (SLUI 5739)	E	Amaz.
Habenaria crucifera Rchb.f. & Warm.	J.A.N. Batista 1369 (CEN 46062)	T	Cerr.
H. cruegeri Cogn.*^, ##	M.F. Simon 2845 (CEN 95449); M.F. Simon 2726 (CEN 95332)	T	Cerr.
H. culicina Rchb.f. & Warm.*^, ##	J. D.C. Aruok-Ferreira s.n. (MG 147797)	T	Cerr.
H. depressifolia Hoehne	N.F.O. Mota et al. 3201 (MG 214830)	T	Cerr.
H. heringeri Pabst	G. Pereira-Silva 14967 (CEN 100032)	T	Cerr.
H. leuprieri Rchb.f.	N.F.O. Mota et al. 3175 (MG 214804)	T	Cerr.
H. longicauda Hook.	Oliveira, R.S. 282 (CEN 30556)	T	Cerr.
H. ludibundiciliata J.A.N. Batista & Bianch.	N.F.O. Mota et al. 3198 (MG 214827); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5795)	T	Cerr.
H. nuda Lindl.	J.A.N. Batista 1368 (CEN 46061)	T	Cerr.
H. obtusa Lindl.	Brito & Mendonça 65 (MG 154875); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5796)	T	Cerr.
H. orchiocalcar Hoehne	N.F.O. Mota et al. 3173 (MG-214802)	T	Amaz./Cerr.
H. petalodes Lindl.	L.P. Felix et al. 8081 (HST 8718); L.P. Felix et al. 8023 (HST 8719); O. Carvalho 82 (SP 8109)	T	Cerr.
H. pratensis (Salz. Ex Lindl.)	G.A. Black et al. 54-16540 (IAN 83938); R.S. Oliveira et al. 281 (UB 107626)	T	Cerr.
H. schenckii Cogn.	M.S. Oliveira & A.W.C. Ferreira 154 (MAR 11522)	T	Cerr.
H. schwackei Barb.Rodr.	R.S. Oliveira 269 (CEN 30561)	T	Cerr.
H. sprucei Cogn.	N.F.O. Mota et al. 3165 (MG-214794)	T	Cerr.
H. trifida Kunth	J.A.N. Batista 1373 (CEN 46065); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5797)	T	Cerr.
Ionopsis utricularidoides (Sw.) Lindl.	Jarbas s.n. (EAC 21838)	E	Cerr.
Laelia gloriosa (Rchb.f.) L.O. William	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 55 (SLUI 5740); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5741)	E	Amaz.
Lockhartia imbricata (Lam.) Hoehne	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5742)	E	Amaz.
Macroclinium wullschlaegelianum Focke (Dodson)	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 58 (SLUI 5743)	E	Amaz.
Maxillaria alba (Hook.) Lindl.	W.R. Silva-Junior & A.W.C. Ferreira 105 (SLUI 5744)	E	Amaz.
M. aureoglobula Christenson	A.W.C. Ferreira 100 (MAR 11538)	E	Amaz.
M. crassifolia (Lindl.) Rchb.f.	R.L. Fróes 34567 (IAN 103386)	E	Amaz.
M. lutescens Scheidw.	M.R. Santos 698 (MG 81079); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 59 (SLUI 5745); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 60 (SLUI 5746)	E	Amaz.
M. subrepens (Rolfe) Schuit. & M.W. Chase	W.L. Balée 882 (NY 910915); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5747); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5748)	E	Amaz.
M. uncata Lindl.	R.L Froes 34395 (IAN 110218); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 63 (SLUI 5749); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 64 (SLUI 5750)	E	Amaz.
Mormodes gurupiensis Campaccii & J.B.F. da Silva	J.B.F. Silva 2122 (MG 190658)	E	Amaz.
Notylia aromatica Barker ex. Lindl.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5751); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 66 (SLUI 5752)	E	Amaz.
N. lyrata S.Moore	W.R. Silva-Junior et al. s.n. (SLUI 5803); W.R. Silva-Junior et al. s.n. (SLUI 5804)	E	Cerr.
N. microchila Cogn.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 69 (SLUI 5753); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 70 (SLUI 5754)	E	Amaz.
N. yauaperiensis Barb. Rodr.	L.R. Marinho & G.S. Pinheiro 621 (IAN 154893); W.R. Silva-Junior & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5755)	E	Amaz.
Octomeria grandiflora Lindl.	I.J. Jangoux & R.P. Bahia 1212 (MG 84024); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 72 (SLUI 5756)	E	Amaz.
Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl.	M.S. Oliveira 140 (MAR 11525); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5757); K.N. Santos & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5807)	T	Amaz.
Oncidium baueri Lindl.	A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5758)	E	Amaz.
Orleanesia amazonica Barb. Rodr.	A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5759)	E	Amaz.
O. mineirosensis Garay	G. Pereira-Silva 13688 (CEN 98224)	E	Cerr.
Ornithocephalus cujeticola Barb. Rodr.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 77 (SLUI 5760); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5761)	E	Amaz.
O. gladiatus Hook.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5762); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5763)	E	Amaz.
Paphinia cristata Lindl.*^, ##	R.L. Fróes 34757 (IAN 103556)	E	Amaz.
Peristeria serroniana (Barb.Rodr.) Garay	J.B.F. Silva 737 (MG 150588); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 81 (SLUI 5764)	E	Amaz.
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 82 (SLUI 5765)	E	Amaz.
P. foliosa (Hook.) Rchb.f.	M.R. Santos 730 (MG 81111); M.R. Santos 730 (INPA 125573)	E	Amaz.
Prosthechea aemula (Lindl.) W.E. Higgins	R.L Froés 1715 (US 1663963); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5766); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5767)	E	Amaz.
Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz & Pavon	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5768); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 86 (SLUI 5769)	E	Amaz.
Sacoila lanceolata (Aubl.) Garay	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5770); M.S. Oliveira 17 (MAR 11527); N.A. Rosa & H. Vilar 2818 (MG 66950)	T	Amaz./Cerr.
Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.	A.S.F. Castro 272 (EAC 24932); A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5771)	T	Amaz.
Scaphyglottis prolifera (R.Br.) Cogn.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5772); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5773)	E	Amaz.
S. sickii Pabst	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira 91 (SLUI 5774); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5775)	E	Amaz.
S. stellata Lodd. Ex Lindl.	D.C. Daly et al. D191 (MG 88295); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5776)	E	Amaz.
Sobralia macrophylla Rchb.f.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5777)	E	Amaz.
S. sessilis Lindl.	R.L. Fróes 34423 (IAN 103734)	T	Amaz.
Stelis papaquerensis Rchb.f.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5778); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5779)	E	Amaz.
Trichocentrum cepula (Hoffmans.) J.M.H. Shaw	D.C. Daly et al. D653 (MG 88716); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5780); M.L. Rodrigues & T.R. Pereira s.n. (MG 228255)	E	Amaz./Cerr.
Trichosalpinx egleri Pabst	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5781)	E	Amaz.
Vanilla bahiana Hoehne	M.S. Oliveira 151 (MAR 11530)	He	Cerr.
V. mexicana Mill.	M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5782)	He	Amaz.
V. palmarum (Salz.) ex Lindl.	N.T. Silva 4244 (IAN 151424); M.J.C. Silva & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5783)	E	Amaz./Cerr.
V. pompona Schiede	A.W.C. Ferreira 102 (SLUI 5784); G.T. Prance 28146 (NY 794645); M.S. de Oliveira et al. s.n. (HENAC 155)	He	Amaz./Cerr.
Veyretia simplex (Griseb.) Szlach.	G. Pereira-Silva 14891 (CEN 99330)	T	Cerr.
Wullschlaegelia calcarata Benth.	W.R. Silva-Junior & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5785); W.R. Silva-Junior & A.W.C. Ferreira s.n. (SLUI 5786)	My	Amaz.

Species	Reference
Anathallis barbulata Pridgeon & M.W.Chase	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
A. brevipes (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
Bulbophyllum insectiferum Barb.Rodr.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Campylocentrum amazonicum Cogn.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Cleistes grandiflora (Aubl.) Schltr.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
Cyrtopodium andersonii (Lamb. ex Andrews) R.Br.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
E. sculptum Rchb.f.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
E. viviparum Lindl.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Galeandra cristata Lindl.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
H. hexaptera Lindl.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
H. seticauda Lindl. ex Benth.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
H. spathulifera Cogn.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
Ionopsis satyrioides (Sw.) Lindl	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Lepanthes brasiliensis Pabst	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
L. helicocephala Rchb.f.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Lockhartia goyazensis Rchb.f.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
L. lunifera (Lindl.) Rchb.f.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Macradenia rubescens Barb.Rodr.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Maxillaria notylioglossa Rchb.f.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
M. rufescens Lindl.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Orleanesia yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Peristeria guttata Knowles & Westc.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Pleurothallis pruinosa Lindl.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Polystachya stenophylla Schltr.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Quekettia microscopica Lindl.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Scaphyglottis modesta (Rchb.f.) Schltr.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
S. reflexa Lindl.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
Solenidium lunatum (Lindl.) Schltr.	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Stanhopea grandiflora Lindl.	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. ), *Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Trichocentrum morenoi (Dodson & Luer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
T. nanum (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)
Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews	BFG (2015BFG-The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1-29.; 2018BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2018. Brazilian Flora 2020: innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513-1527. )
Zygosepalum labiosum (Rich.) Garay	*Silva et al. (1999*Silva MFF, Silva JBF, Feiler JM. 1999. Orchidaceas do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 29: 381-393.)

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[1] * Corresponding author: edlley_max@hotmail.com