Photosynthesis, growth, and survival in seedlings of four tropical fruit-tree species under intense radiation

ORTIZ, Daniel; MORENO, Flavio; DÍEZ, Maria Claudia

doi:10.1590/1809-4392202000752

Daniel ORTIZ

Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Palmira - Sede Popayán, Calle 8ª Norte # 10 - 68, Popayán, Colombia

Flavio MORENO

Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Carrera 65 # 59 A - 110, Medellín, Colombia

Maria Claudia DÍEZ ^** Corresponding autor: mcdiez@unal.edu.co

Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Carrera 65 # 59 A - 110, Medellín, Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-9866

* Corresponding autor: mcdiez@unal.edu.co

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

Tomas F. Domingues

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Daily course of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the three light treatments (8, 31 and 100% RI) established to evaluate the response of Eugenia stipitata, Theobroma cacao, Inga edulis, and Psidium guajava seedlings.

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Figure 2
Diameter of root collar (RGRd) (A); height (RGRh) (B); and relative growth rate of biomass (RGRb) (C) in seedlings of Eugenia stipitata, Theobroma cacao, Inga edulis and Psidium guajava under three light treatments (8%, 31% and 100% RI) in shade houses. Columns are the mean and bars the standard deviation. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within species (all tests significant, RGRd, all tests p < 0.034; RGRh, all tests p < 0.009; RGRb, all tests p < 0.026; n =15).

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Figure 3
Maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in dark-adapted leaves (Fv/Fm) in seedlings of Eugenia stipitata, Theobroma cacao, Inga edulis and Psidium guajava under three light treatments (8%, 31% and 100% RI). Boxes indicate the mean and bars the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences between light conditions within species. Two-way ANOVA: light treatment, all tests significant, p < 0.014 (except Psidium guajava, p = 0.241); time of the day, all tests non-significant, p > 0.185); n = 15.

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Figure 4
Changes in the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in dark-adapted leaves (Fv/Fm) in Eugenia stipitata, Theobrom. cacao, Inga edulis, and Psidium guajava leaves grown under full sun light (100% RI). Symbols indicate the mean and bars the standard deviation. Data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA with light intensity and time of the day as independent factors. The interaction between the factors was significant for Theobroma cacao and Psidium guajava (both p < 0.037) and non-significant for Eugenia stipitate and Inga edulis (both p > 0.491); n = 15. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences between hours within species.

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Figure 5
Maximum photosynthesis rate of mature leaves of Eugenia stipitata, Theobroma cacao, Iinga edulis and Psidium guajava seedlings grown under three light treatments (8%, 31% and 100% RI) in shade houses. Columns are the mean and bars the standard deviation. Different letters on the bars indicate significant differences between treatments within species (all tests significant at p < 0.019; n = 3).

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Figure 6
Mean survival (%) of Eugenia stipitata, Theobroma cacao, Inga edulis and Psidium guajava under three different light treatments (8%, 31% and 100% RI). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments within species (all tests significant at p < 0.012, except Psidium guajava, p = 0.469; n = 15).

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Table 1
Total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, foliar area, conductance and total biomass in Eugenia stipitata, Theobroma cacao, Inga edulis, and Psidium guajava leaves growing under three light treatment (8%, 31%, and 100% RI) in shade houses. RI = relative illumination. Values are the mean ± standard deviation. Different letters in the columns indicate significant difference between light treatments within species (all tests significant, except carotenoids in Eugenia stipitata and Inga edulis, both p > 0.528; n = 15).

Species	RI (%)	Chlorophyll a+b (mg g^-1)	Carotenoids (mg g^-1)	Foliar area (cm²)	Total biomass (g)	Stomatal conductance (mol H₂O m^-² s^-¹)
E. stipitata	8	5.46 ± 0.13a	0.23 ± 0.021a	512 ± 39a	82.28 ± 14a	0.084 ± 0.025a
	31	2.37 ± 0.083b	0.27 ± 0.017a	583 ± 59a	85.56 ± 10a	0.093 ± 0.028a
	100	0.73 ± 0.012c	0.28 ± 0.010a	346 ± 15b	53.5 ± 11b	0.057 ± 0.017b
T. cacao	8	7.54 ± 0.063a	0.61 ± 0.019b	5893 ± 280a	145.66 ± 13a	0.041 ± 0.013a
	31	4.96 ± 0.033b	0.72 ± 0.023a	3585 ± 194b	155.49 ± 21a	0.038 ± 0.016a
	100	1.94 ± 0.013c	0.74 ± 0.018a	1056 ± 121c	97.09 ± 12b	0.022 ± 0.007b
I. edulis	8	5.73 ± 0.032a	0.75 ± 0.033a	4757 ± 366c	144.12 ± 36b	0.108 ± 0.033c
	31	3.96 ± 0.027ab	0.76 ± 0.023a	7911 ± 232a	386.08 ± 36a	0.246 ± 0.040a
	100	2.40 ± 0.018b	0.75 ± 0.013a	5683 ± 722b	123.94 ± 17b	0.185 ± 0.034b
P. guajava	8	6.82 ± 0.023a	0.83 ± 0.010b	9160 ± 501b	502.05 ± 17b	0.191 ± 0.017b
	31	3.65 ± 0.024b	0.86 ± 0.009b	14872 ± 313a	691.76 ± 39a	0.279 ± 0.025a
	100	2.75 ± 0.015b	1.16 ± 0.009a	14900 ± 872a	771.81 ± 40a	0.288 ± 0.013a

[1] * Corresponding autor: mcdiez@unal.edu.co

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Photosynthesis, growth, and survival in seedlings of four tropical fruit-tree species under intense radiation

Fotosíntesis, crecimiento y supervivencia en plántulas de cuatro especies de árboles frutales tropicales bajo intensa radiación

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