RESUMO Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus e H. costataricensis) encontra-se no grupo de frutas exóticas e seu cultivo no Brasil está em expansão, sobretudo na região semiárida do Nordeste. Nessa região os problemas de quantidade e qualidade hídrica normalmente ocasionam estresses ambientais limitando à sobrevivência das plantas, principalmente durante a germinação e estabelecimento de plântulas. Sendo assim, objetivou-se verifi car a ação mitigadora de tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de pitaya sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 6, correspondente a duas espécies de pitayas H. undatus e H. costatariciensis e seis tratamentos pré-germinativos (T1 = 0,0 MPa (controle); T2 = estresse salino (-0,4 MPa); T3 = hidrocondicionamento + estresse salino; T4 = ácido giberélico + estresse salino; T5 = ácido salicílico + estresse salino; T6 = tiametoxan + estresse salino). Após 20 dias de semeadura, analisou-se a germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimentos de partes aérea e raiz primária, massa seca total, açúcares solúveis totais e aminoácidos livres totais. H. costaricensis mostrou-se mais tolerante à salinidade que H. undatus. O ácido salicílico estimulou a germinação e o crescimento de H. undatus, além de aumentar o teor de açúcares solúveis em H. costaricensis. O hidrocondicionamento das sementes atenuou o estresse salino durante a germinação de H. undatus e favoreceu o ganho de massa seca. O ácido giberélico estimulou a germinação de H. undatus e o crescimento de plântulas desta e de H. costaricensis, além disso aumentou os níveis de açúcares solúveis em H. undatus.

ABSTRACT Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus and H. costaricensis) is found in the group of exotic fruits and its cultivation in Brazil is expanding, especially in the semi-arid region of the Northeast. In this region, the problems of water quantity and quality usually cause environmental stresses which limit the survival of plants, especially during germination and seedling establishment. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the mitigating action of pre-germination treatments in pitaya seeds under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, corresponding to two species of pitaya (H. undatus and H. costaricensis) and six pre-germination treatments (T1 = 0.0 MPa (control); T2 = salt stress (-0.4 MPa); T3 = hydropriming + salt stress; T4 = gibberellic acid + salt stress; T5 = salicylic acid + salt stress; T6 = thiamethoxam + salt stress). After 20 days of sowing, germination, germination speed index, shoot length, primary root length, total dry mass, total soluble sugars and total free amino acids were analyzed. H. costaricensis was more tolerant to salinity than H. undatus. Salicylic acid stimulated the germination and growth of H. undatus, besides increasing the soluble sugar content in H. costaricensis. Seed hydropriming attenuated salt stress during germination of H. undatus and favored dry mass gain. Gibberellic acid stimulated the germination of H. undatus and the growth of H. undatus and H. costaricensis seedlings, in addition to increasing the levels of soluble sugars in H. undatus.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe and analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with sickle cell anemia treated at the Hemominas Foundation, in Divinópolis, Brazil. Furthermore, this study aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory outcomes of the group of patients treated with hydroxyurea with those patients that were not treated with hydroxyurea. Methods: Clinical and laboratorial data were obtained by analyzing medical records of patients with sickle cell anemia. Results: Data from the medical records of 50 patients were analyzed. Most of the patients were female (56%), aged between 20 and 29 years old. Infections, transfusions, cholecystectomy, splenectomy and systemic arterial hypertension were the most common clinical adverse events of the patients. The most frequent cause of hospitalization was painful crisis. The majority of patients had reduced values of hemoglobin and hematocrit (8.55 ± 1.33 g/dL and 25.7 ± 4.4%, respectively) and increased fetal hemoglobin levels (12 ± 7%). None of the clinical variables was statistically significant on comparing the two groups of patients. Among hematological variables only hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were statistically different between patients treated with hydroxyurea and untreated patients (p-value = 0.005 and p-value = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Sickle cell anemia requires treatment and follow-up by a multiprofessional team. A current therapeutic option is hydroxyurea. This drug reduces complications and improves laboratorial parameters of patients. In this study, the use of the drug increased the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of patients.

Introduction: The role of the fatty acid in the prevention or progression of chronic diseases has generated significant interest on the part of researchers. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the long-term effects of high-fat diet containing soybean or canola oil on body development and bone parameters of male rats. Methods: After weaning, rats were grouped and fed either a control diet (7S) or a high-fat diet containing soybean (19S) or canola oil (19C). Femur and lumbar vertebra (LV4) structure were determined at 180 days by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Results: The groups showed similar food intake, body mass and length development. The bone parameters of the 19C were similar to the control group, while the 19S showed lower bone parameters when compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The high-fat diet containing soybean oil was unfavorable to bone structure, while the canola oil contributed bone health during the adult stage of life.

Introducción: El papel del ácido graso en la prevención o la progresión de las enfermedades crónicas ha generado un interés significativo por parte de los investigadores. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos a largo plazo de la dieta alta en grasas que contienen soja o aceite de canola en los parámetros de desarrollo del cuerpo y los huesos de ratas macho. Métodos: Después del destete, las ratas se agruparon y se alimentaron con una dieta control (7S) o una dieta alta en grasa que contiene soja (19S) o aceite de canola (19C). Fémur y vértebras lumbares (LV4) estructura se determinaron a los 180 días por absorciometría dual de rayos X y tomografía computarizada. Resultados: Los grupos mostraron similares ingesta de alimentos, la masa corporal y el desarrollo de longitud. Los parámetros óseos de la 19C fueron similares al grupo control, mientras que los 19S mostró parámetros óseos inferiores en comparación con los otros grupos. Conclusiones: La dieta alta en grasas que contiene aceite de soja fue desfavorable a la estructura ósea, mientras que el aceite de canola contribuyó salud de los huesos en la etapa adulta de la vida.

O texto apresenta uma revisão de trabalhos da área de Educação que fizeram uso das histórias de vida e dos estudos autobiográficos como metodologia de investigação científica no Brasil. Dois recortes foram efetuados, um temporal e outro temático, para focalizar o período compreendido entre 1985 e 2003 e privilegiar dois temas: formação de professores e profissão docente. O objetivo principal foi o de mapear a produção nacional, buscando identificar as temáticas que emergiram com maior força, apontando aspectos lacunares e indicando direções para futuros estudos na área. Várias fontes foram utilizadas: resumos de teses e dissertações (banco de teses da CAPES); textos completos de teses e dissertações defendidas nos programas de pós-graduação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP - e da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo - FEUSP -; livros; e periódicos científicos. As análises levaram a concluir que o uso dessas abordagens cresceu significativamente no Brasil a partir dos anos de 1990, porém, de modo muito disperso, foram utilizadas muito mais como fonte de dados para o desenvolvimento de um largo espectro de pesquisas e muito timidamente como dispositivos de formação. Todavia, evidenciou-se que a intensificação de tais metodologias contribuiu para renovar as pesquisas sobre os professores, ao mesmo tempo em que fez aflorar o interesse por questões e temáticas novas, tais como as que se configuram, por exemplo, nos estudos sobre profissão, profissionalização e identidades docentes.

The text offers a review within the area of Education of the works that make use of life histories and autobiographic studies as a scientific research methodology in Brazil. The period between 1985 and 2003 is focused under two different slants, one temporal, and the other thematic: teacher education and teaching profession. The main purpose here was to map out the national production, seeking to identify the themes that have emerged with greater strength, pointing out deficient aspects, and suggesting directions for future studies in this field. Several sources were utilized: abstracts of theses and dissertations from the CAPES database; complete texts of theses and dissertations presented to the graduate programs of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo - PUC-SP - and of the Faculty of Education of the University of São Paulo - FEUSP; books; and scientific journals. The analyses have shown that the use of these approaches has grown significantly in Brazil since the 1990s but, in a very disperse manner, they have been used more as a source of data for the development of a wide spectrum of studies, and only timidly as formation devices. Nevertheless, it has become apparent that the rise of these methodologies has contributed to a renewal in the studies about teachers, at the same time that it has fostered the interest in new issues and themes, such as those developed, for example, in the researches about profession, professionalization and teacher identity.