The aim of this study was to assess the effect of eugenol on the in vitro production of ovine embryos. Oocytes were aspirated and taken for in vitro maturation (IVM), where they were divided into 4 groups: the CON (control), in which the oocytes were immersed in medium without an antioxidant; in the EU10, EU20, EU40 groups, the same medium as in the COM group was used, supplemented with 10, 20, and 40 µM of eugenol, respectively. The degree of expansion of cumulus cells was evaluated. Subsequently, the oocytes underwent in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture, and at the end of this process, the rate of cleaved structures was assessed. Regarding the expansion rate of cumulus cells, the CON group exhibited higher rates compared to the groups supplemented with eugenol. Evaluating oocytes with fully expanded cumulus cells, only the EU40 group showed a lower rate when compared to the rest of the treatment groups. Whereas observing oocytes with partially expanded cumulus cells, the EU40 group showed higher expansion percentages compared to the other treatments. Concerning the presence of the first polar body in the oocytes, it was observed that there was no statistical difference between the treatment groups. Lastly, concerning the cleaved structures, the CON and EU10 groups showed the highest rates compared to the EU20 and EU40 groups. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the use of 10 µM of eugenol in the IVM of ovine oocytes proved to be the optimal concentration of this substance.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del eugenol en la producción in vitro de embriones ovinos. Los ovocitos fueron aspirados y llevados para la maduración in vitro (MIV), donde se dividieron en 4 grupos: el CON (control), en el cual los ovocitos fueron sumergidos en medio sin antioxidantes; en los grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 se utilizó el mismo medio que en el grupo CON, pero con la adición de 10, 20 y 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo. Después de esto, los ovocitos fueron sometidos a la fecundación in vitro y al cultivo in vitro, y al final de este proceso se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. En cuanto a la tasa de expansión de las células del cúmulo, el grupo CON mostró tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos suplementados con eugenol. Al evaluar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo totalmente expandidas, solo el grupo EU40 mostró una tasa más baja en comparación con el resto de los grupos de tratamiento. Mientras que al observar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo parcialmente expandidas, el grupo EU40 mostró porcentajes de expansión más altos en comparación con los otros tratamientos. Respecto a la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar en los ovocitos, se observó que no hubo diferencia estadística entre los grupos de tratamiento. Por último, en relación con las estructuras clivadas, los grupos CON y EU10 mostraron las tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos EU20 y EU40. Por lo tanto, se pudo concluir que el uso de 10 µM de eugenol en la MIV de ovocitos ovinos resultó ser la concentración óptima de esta sustância.

Objetivando avaliar o efeito do eugenol na produção in vitro de embriões ovinos. Os oócitos, foram aspirados e levados para a maturação in vitro (MIV), onde foram divididos em 4 grupos: o CON (controle), no qual os oócitos foram imersos em meio, sem antioxidante, já nos grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 foi utilizado o mesmo meio do grupo CON, acrescido de 10, 20 e 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus. Após isso, os oócitos seguiram para a fecundação in vitro e cultivo in vitro, sendo, ao final desse processo, avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Em relação à taxa de expansão das células do cumulus, o grupo CON apresentou maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos adicionados de eugenol. Avaliando os oócitos com células do cumulus totalmente expandidas, somente o grupo EU40, apresentou-se menor, quando comparado ao restante dos grupos de tratamento. Já observando os oócitos com células do cumulus parcialmente expandidas, o grupo EU40, apresentou maiores percentuais de expansão, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Sobre a presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar nos oócitos, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de tratamentos. E, por último, em relação às estruturas clivadas, os grupos CON e EU10 apresentaram as maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos EU20 e EU40. Dessa maneira, foi possível concluir que a utilização de 10 µM de eugenol na MIV de oócitos ovinos apresentou ser a melhor concentração dessa substância.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) of ovine embryos. For this purpose, oocytes were collected and divided into the following treatment groups: control group, containing CON medium (control); and groups Q2, Q4, and Q8, with control medium supplemented with 2, 4, and 8 µM of quercetin, respectively. After IVM, the degree of cumulus cells expansion, presence of the first polar body (PB), and the other part of the oocytes proceeded to in vitro fertilization (IVF), where oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa for a period of 20 hours. Subsequently, the presumptive zygotes underwent in vitro culture (IVC) for 48 hours, and at the end of the process, the rate of cleaved structures was evaluated. The results were expressed in percentage and compared using the Chi-square test, with a significant difference considered when P<0.05. Evaluating the expansion of cumulus cells, the CON and Q2 groups showed the best expansion rates compared to the Q4 and Q8 groups. Regarding the presence of the 1st PB, it was observed that only the Q8 group exhibited lower rates compared to the control group. When evaluating the rate of cleaved structures, it was observed that the Q2 group showed a higher number compared to the Q8 group. Quercetin does not influence the maturation of ovine oocytes.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la quercetina en la maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos y la posterior fertilización in vitro (FIV) de embriones ovinos. Para ello, se recolectaron y seleccionaron ovocitos divididos en los siguientes grupos de tratamiento: grupo control, que contenía medio CON (control); y los grupos Q2, Q4 y Q8, con medio control al que se le añadieron 2, 4 y 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Tras la MIV se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo, la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar (CP) y la otra parte de los ovocitos se utilizó para la fecundación in vitro (FIV), donde los ovocitos fueron incubados con espermatozoides durante un período de 20 horas. Posteriormente, los presuntos cigotos pasaron a cultivo in vitro (CIV) durante 48 horas y, al final del proceso, se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentaje y se compararon utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, considerando una diferencia significativa cuando P<0,05. Al evaluar la expansión de las células del cúmulo, los grupos CON y Q2 mostraron las mejores tasas de expansión en comparación con los grupos Q4 y Q8. En cuanto a la presencia del 1er CP, se observó que solo el grupo Q8 mostró tasas más bajas en comparación con el grupo control. Al evaluar la tasa de estructuras clivadas, se observó que el grupo Q2 mostró un número mayor en comparación con el grupo Q8. La quercetina no influye en la maduración de ovocitos ovinos.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da quercetina na MIV de oócitos e na subsequente PIV de embriões ovinos. Para isso, foram colhidos e selecionados oócitos divididos nos seguintes grupos de tratamento: grupo controle, contendo meio CON (controle); e grupos Q2, Q4 e Q8, com meio controle, acrescido de 2, 4 e 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Após a MIV foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus, presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar (CP) e a outra parte dos oócitos seguiu para a fecundação in vitro (FIV), onde os oócitos foram incubados com os espermatozoides, por um período de 20 h. Em seguida, os presumíveis zigotos seguiram para o cultivo in vitro (CIV), por um período de 48 h e, ao final do processo, foi avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e comparados, usando o Teste do Qui-quadrado e foi considerada diferença significativa quando P<0,05. Avaliando a expansão das células do cumulus, os grupos CON e Q2 apresentaram as melhores taxas de expansão, quando comparadas aos grupos Q4 e Q8. Quanto à presença do 1º CP, foi possível observar que somente o grupo Q8 apresentou taxas menores, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Já avaliando a taxa de estruturas clivadas, foi possível observar que o grupo Q2 apresentou maior número quando comparado ao grupo Q8. A quercetina não influencia na maturação de oócitos ovinos.

ABSTRACT The higher education system plays a relevant role in accomplishing the processes of territorial and local development. The University of Havana nationally coordinates the Bachelor in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB) degree, and their graduates carry out essential work for their territories of origin. However, most of BMB graduates do not return to their provinces. It is important for the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology career to consider in the concept of sustainability not only the conceptual aspect of this science, but also the economic and social aspects, and the development of initiatives to encourage the commitment of students with their region. This work, from the analysis of the placement and professional development of BBM graduates in scientific institutions and higher education centers and individual interviews with students, was aimed to propose a strategy for motivating the graduates’commitment with their territories, and thus contribute to the local development in the fields of biomedicine and biotechnology in their territories.

RESUMEN La educación superior desempeña un papel relevante en la atención a los procesos de desarrollo territorial y local. La carrera de Licenciatura en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (BBM) coordinada por la Universidad de La Habana, es una carrera nacional, y sus egresados cumplen una significativa labor en sus territorios de origen. Sin embargo, gran parte de ellos no regresa a sus provincias. Es importante para la carrera, considerar en el concepto de sostenibilidad, no solo el aspecto conceptual, sino también el económico-social y el desarrollo de iniciativas, para incentivar el compromiso de los estudiantes con su región. Este trabajo, a partir de entrevistas individuales a estudiantes, y del análisis de la ubicación y el desarrollo profesional de graduados de la carrera en instituciones científicas y Centros de Educación Superior, tuvo como objetivo proponer una estrategia que motive el compromiso de los egresados de mantenerse en su localidad, y así contribuir al desarrollo local en las esferas de la biomedicina y la biotecnología de sus territorios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bisphosphonates have an inhibitory impact on osteoclastic activity, reducing bone resorption. However, the influence of risedronate on tooth movement is not well-defined. Objective: This systematic review assessed the effect of risedronate intake on orthodontic tooth movement. A case report was also provided. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Lilacs, Scopus, and Open Grey). The searches were carried out in April/2020, and an update was set in place in June/2023. Therefore, the searches considered a timeline from the databases’ inception date until June/2023, with no publication date and/or language restrictions. The clinical question focused on evaluating the orthodontic tooth movement and relapse movement (Outcome) in animals (Population) exposed to risedronate (Exposure), compared to control groups (Comparison). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168581). The risk of bias was determined using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation protocol (SYRCLE). Results: Two studies in rats and one in guinea pigs were included in the systematic review. The studies reported a decrease in orthodontic tooth movement, a reduction in the relapse movement, and a reduced number of positive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) cells, with a significantly reduced number of bone gaps after the administration of risedronate in rats. A case report illustrated the effects of risedronate administration in one patient. Conclusion: Based on the systematic review, risedronate seems to impair orthodontic tooth movement and relapse due to a decrease in bone resorption cells.

RESUMO Introdução: Os bifosfonatos têm um impacto inibitório na atividade osteoclástica, reduzindo a reabsorção óssea. No entanto, a influência do risedronato no movimento dentário não está bem definida. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática avaliou o efeito do uso de risedronato no movimento ortodôntico dos dentes. Um relato de caso também é apresentado. Métodos: Dois revisores independentes pesquisaram seis bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Lilacs, Scopus e Open Grey), considerando o período de abril de 2020 até junho de 2023, sem restrições de data e/ou idioma de publicação. A questão clínica focou em avaliar o movimento ortodôntico dos dentes e movimento de recidiva (resultado) em animais (população) expostos ao risedronato (exposição) em comparação com grupos de controle (comparação). Foram aplicadas as Diretrizes Preferenciais para Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise (PRISMA) e um protocolo foi registrado no PROSPERO (CRD42020168581). O risco de viés foi determinado utilizando o protocolo do Centro de Revisão Sistemática para Experimentação em Animais de Laboratório (SYRCLE). Resultados: Dois estudos em ratos e um em porquinhos-da-índia foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. Os estudos relataram uma diminuição no movimento ortodôntico dos dentes, uma redução no movimento de recidiva e um número reduzido de células positivas à fosfatase ácida tartarato-resistente (TRAP) com um número significativamente reduzido de falhas ósseas após a administração de risedronato em ratos. Um relato de caso ilustrou os efeitos da administração de risedronato em uma paciente. Conclusão: Com base na revisão sistemática, o risedronato parece interferir no movimento ortodôntico dos dentes e na recidiva devido a uma diminuição nas células de reabsorção óssea.

ABSTRACT Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular risk factors are prognostic factors in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have been scarcely studied in Brazil. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on the outcomes of patients admitted for COVID-19. Methods From July 2020 to February 2021, 200 patients from two public hospitals were enrolled. Patients were included if they had typical symptoms or signs of COVID-19, a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) for COVID-19, and an age above 18 years. This is a prospective, observational, and longitudinal study. Data were collected within 24 h of admission. The primary endpoint was a combination of hospital lethality, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, or length of hospital stay >28 days. Continuous variables were compared with the Student’s t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney test. For comparisons of proportions, the χ 2 test was applied. ROC curves and survival curves were constructed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of events. The level of significance was 0.05. Results There were 98 (49%) events during the hospital course, and 72 (36%) died in the hospital. Patients with a primary endpoint were older and more likely to have a history of hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vital signs at admission associated with events were diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation in ambient air (O 2 Sat). Serum creatinine >1.37 mg/dL at admission had a sensitivity of 51.6 and a specificity of 82% to predict the primary endpoint, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68. In multivariate analysis, age, diabetes, CKD, and COPD were independent predictors of the primary endpoint. Age and CKD were independent predictors of in-hospital lethality. Conclusion Cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes and CKD, were related to a worse prognosis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in this sample from two public hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Abstract The Theory of Didactic Situations developed by Brousseau in the 1970s was an innovative proposal, especially because of his conviction that the emerging field, Didactics of Mathematics, should be supported by methodologies that gave an essential role to the design of situations capable of making mathematical knowledge emerge from the interactions of students with a designed and controlled environment. This position radically changed the conception of learning in his proposal; direct learning and learning by imitation had no place in the theory. This theory has prompted different theoretical and experimental works reflecting on its theoretical positions. It has also led to discussions and controversies due to the fact that other theories differ from its conceptions on the design, the control of variables or the conception of the subject in the didactic system. The objective of this article is, after making a study of the theory, to defend the thesis that the Theory of Didactic Situations is a paradigm that not only remains valid in the field of Didactics of Mathematics but also evolves thanks to the contributions of different researchers in the field. I formulate that it is necessary to share with the community of mathematics educators interested or not in the theory, the interpretations and new developments of the thinkers who continue to develop their work under these theoretical principles.

Resumen La Teoría de las Situaciones Didácticas, desarrollada por Brousseau en la década del 1970, fue una propuesta innovadora especialmente por su convicción de que el campo naciente, la Didáctica de las Matemáticas, debía apoyarse en metodologías que otorgaran un papel esencial al diseño de situaciones capaces de hacer emerger el saber matemático, a partir de las interacciones de los estudiantes con un medio diseñado y controlado. Esta postura cambiaba, radicalmente, la concepción del aprendizaje en su propuesta: el aprendizaje directo y por imitación no tenía cabida en la teoría. Esta teoría ha impulsado diferentes trabajos teóricos y experimentales en los que se reflexiona sobre sus posturas teóricas. También, ha propiciado discusiones y controversias debido a que otras teorías difieren de sus concepciones sobre el diseño, el control de las variables o la concepción del sujeto en el sistema didáctico. El objetivo de este artículo es, luego de hacer un estudio del arte sobre la teoría, defender la tesis de que la Teoría de Situaciones Didácticas es un paradigma que no solo se mantiene vigente en el campo de la Didáctica de las Matemáticas sino, también, que evoluciona gracias a los aportes de diferentes investigadores del campo. Formulo que es necesario compartir con la comunidad de educadores matemáticos interesados o no en la teoría, las interpretaciones y nuevos desarrollos de los pensadores que siguen desarrollando su trabajo bajo estos principios teóricos.

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a widespread manifestation in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but this subject is rarely examined in patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). This study aimed to assess the frequency of CD, its associations with lupus clinical manifestations and its impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) in young adult cSLE patients. Methods We evaluated 39 cSLE patients older than 18 years. They underwent a rheumatologic evaluation and extensive neuropsychological assessment, encompassing all cognitive domains described by the American College of Rheumatology. HRQL was assessed with the WHOOQOL-BREEF, General Activities of Daily Living Scale (GADL) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-specific quality-of-life instrument (SLEQOL). The activity of SLE was evaluated with the modified sle disease activity index (sledai-2k). Results Impairment in at least one cognitive domain was found in 35 (87.2%) patients. The most compromised domains were attention (64.1%), memory (46.2%), and executive functions (38.5%). Patients with cognitive impairment were older, had more accumulated damage and had worse socioeconomic status. Regarding the association between cognitive dysfunction and HRQL, memory impairment was correlated with worse environmental perception and a worse relationship with the treatment. Conclusion In this study, the frequency of CD in cSLE patients was as high as that in the adult SLE population. CD can significantly impact the response of cSLE patients to treatment, justifying preventive measures in the care of this population.

Abstract Background Decreased walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease is often a clinical problem and limits the quality of life and daily activities of these subjects. physical exercise is important in this scenario, as it improves both the daily walking distance and the ability to withstand intermittent claudication related to the limitations of the peripheral disease. Objectives Our aim was to compare the effects of two types of exercise training (aerobic training and aerobic training combined with resistance exercises) on pain-free walking distance (PFWD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample composed of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods Twenty patients with claudication symptoms were randomized to either aerobic control (AC) N= 9, or combined training (CT) N= 8, (24 sixty-minute sessions, twice a week). The total walking distance until onset of pain due to claudication was assessed using the 6-minute walk test and HRQoL was measured using the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire (general and specific domains) at baseline and after training. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess the differences between groups for the PFWD and HRQoL domains, testing the main group and time effects and their respective interaction effects. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Seventeen patients (mean age 63±9 years; 53% male) completed the study. Both groups experienced improvement in claudication, as reflected by a significant increase in PFWD: AC, 149 m to 299 m (P<0.001); CT, 156 m to 253 m (P<0.001). HRQoL domains also improved similarly in both groups (physical capacity, psychological aspects, and self-reported quality of life; P=0.001, P=0.003, and P=0.011 respectively). Conclusions Both aerobic and combined training similarly improved PFWD and HRQoL in PAD patients. There are no advantages in adding strength training to conventional aerobic training. This study does not support the conclusion that combined training is a good strategy for these patients when compared with classic training.

Resumo Contexto A diminuição da capacidade de marcha em pacientes com doença arterial periférica é frequentemente um problema clínico e limita a qualidade de vida e as atividades diárias desses indivíduos. O exercício físico é importante nesse cenário, pois melhora tanto a distância caminhada diária quanto a capacidade de suportar a claudicação intermitente relacionada às limitações da doença periférica. Objetivos Comparar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbico (TA) e do treinamento aeróbico combinado com exercícios de resistência (TC) na distância percorrida livre de dor (DPLD) e na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). Métodos Vinte pacientes com sintomas de claudicação foram randomizados para TA ou TC. Os treinamentos foram realizados em 24 sessões, duas vezes por semana. A DPLD foi avaliada por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, e a QVRS foi medida pelo instrumento da avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF), no início e após o treinamento. Para avaliar as diferenças entre os grupos para DPLD e os domínios da QVRS, foi utilizado o modelo de equações de estimativa generalizada, testando os efeitos principais do grupo e tempo, bem como os respectivos efeitos de interação. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Dezessete pacientes (idade média: 63±9 anos; 53% do sexo masculino) completaram o estudo. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na claudicação, refletida por um aumento significativo na DPLD: grupo controle aeróbico - de 149 m para 299 m (P < 0,001); grupo de treinamento combinado - de 156 m para 253 m (P < 0,001). Os domínios da QVRS também melhoraram de forma semelhante em ambos os grupos (capacidade física, aspectos psicológicos e qualidade de vida autorreferida; P = 0,001, P = 0,003 e P = 0,011, respectivamente). Conclusões Ambos os treinamentos melhoraram de forma semelhante a DPLD e a QVRS em pacientes com DAP. Não há vantagens em associar o treinamento de força ao treinamento aeróbico convencional. O estudo não permite concluir que o TC é uma boa estratégia para esses pacientes quando comparado ao treinamento clássico.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to produce mechanically separated meat (MSM) from tilapia obtained at the Teresina fish market in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Waste production and disposal and yields were estimated, and physico-chemical and microbiological MSM qualities were determined. A questionnaire was applied to the fish market sellers, followed by tilapia carcass sampling for MSM production and assessments concerning yields, microbiological (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus coagulase positive counts and the detection of Salmonella spp.) and physicochemical (water activity, pH, reaction to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia) quality and proximate composition (moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and total energy value). The questionnaire results indicated that tilapia is highly in demand and thats processing leads to significant waste. The yield analysis indicated that tilapia MSM presents adequate residual meat extraction rates from tilapia carcasses. All microbiological analyses were in compliance with Brazilian standards. Physicochemical results were as follows: protein (14.9 to 16.1%), lipids (16.6 to 22.1%), ash (1.3 to 2.8%), moisture (60.6 to 64 .1%), carbohydrates (0.6 to 1.5%) and calories (216.5 to 263.1 kcal 100-1). It is, therefore, clear that MSM constitutes a safe and nutritious foodstudd and comprises a viable alternative for the development of co-products.

Em uma era onde a prevalência de dados se faz marcante, a importância da adoção de técnicas computacionais avançadas, como a inteligência artificial e o aprendizado de máquina, torna-se fundamental no processo de formação dos físicos de amanhã. Este artigo introduz uma abordagem inovadora para o ensino de física, incorporando o aprendizado de máquina ao estudo clássico do pêndulo simples. São introduzidos os conceitos das técnicas de aprendizado de máquina e coletado um conjunto amplo de dados por meio da observação acurada do movimento do pêndulo em diferentes condições iniciais. A partir desses dados, é empregado um algoritmo de regressão para criar um modelo do sistema do pêndulo com índices estatísticos satisfatórios. Este modelo pedagógico se contrasta com os métodos tradicionais de ensino de física e abre um novo horizonte para a compreensão do que significa o ensino de física na era da informação. marcante avançadas tornase torna amanhã simples iniciais satisfatórios informação

In an era where the prevalence of data is striking, the importance of adopting advanced computational techniques, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, becomes fundamental in the training process of tomorrow’s physicists. This article introduces an innovative approach to physics education, incorporating machine learning into the classic study of the simple pendulum. Key concepts of machine learning techniques are introduced and a broad dataset is collected through accurate observation of the pendulum’s motion under different initial conditions. From these data, a regression algorithm is employed to create a model of the pendulum system with satisfactory statistical indices. This pedagogical model contrasts with traditional physics teaching methods and opens a new horizon for understandding what it means to teach physics in the information age. striking tomorrows tomorrow s physicists education pendulums conditions indices age

Resumen En México, en el nivel de primaria se espera que los estudiantes comprendan fenómenos físicos, entre los que se encuentra la luz y sus interacciones. Esto representa un desafío debido a que, durante la formación inicial docente, los contenidos alusivos a la física no están incluidos en el mapa curricular. Las implicaciones se observan en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de este nivel, porque les es complejo explicar desde la perspectiva científica los fenómenos y procesos naturales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el nivel de logro de la competencia: comprensión de fenómenos y procesos naturales desde la perspectiva científica, mediante la aplicación de una actividad experimental relacionada con la trayectoria de la luz. Se trató de un estudio de caso, a través de un enfoque cualitativo. Los participantes fueron 59 alumnos de 8 a 10 años de edad que cursan el nivel de educación primaria. En los resultados se reconoce la necesidad de la actividad experimental para promover el desarrollo de competencias científicas en la infancia. La importancia de favorecer la reflexión de la observación para la construcción de explicaciones de lo que ocurre en el entorno y la construcción de significados para el conocimiento científico.

Abstract At the elementary level in Mexico, students are expected to understand physical phenomena, including light and its interactions. This represents a challenge because, during initial teacher education, content related to physics is not included in the curriculum map. The implications are observed in the learning of students at this level, because it is complex for them to explain natural phenomena and processes from a scientific perspective. The objective of this research was to analyze the level of achievement of the competency: understanding of natural phenomena and processes from a scientific perspective, through the application of an experimental activity related to the trajectory of light. It was a case study, using a qualitative approach. The participants were 59 students between 8 to 10 years of age in elementary school. The results recognize the need for experimental activity to promote the development of scientific competencies in children. The importance of favoring the reflection of observation for the construction of explanations of what happens in the environment and the construction of meanings for scientific knowledge.

Resumo No México, no nível elementar, espera-se que os alunos compreendam fenômenos físicos, entre os quais a luz e suas interações. Isso representa um desafio, pois, durante a formação inicial de professores, os conteúdos relacionados à física não constam no mapa curricular. As implicações são observadas na aprendizagem dos alunos deste nível, pois é complexo para eles explicar fenômenos e processos naturais a partir de uma perspectiva científica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o nível de realização da competência: compreensão de fenômenos e processos naturais a partir de uma perspectiva científica, por meio da aplicação de uma atividade experimental relacionada ao caminho da luz. Tratou-se de um estudo de caso, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa. Os participantes foram 59 alunos de 8 a 10 anos de idade que frequentam o ensino fundamental. Os resultados reconhecem a necessidade de atividade experimental para promover o desenvolvimento de habilidades científicas na infância. A importância de favorecer a reflexão da observação para a construção de explicações sobre o que acontece no ambiente e a construção de significados para o conhecimento científico.

Resumo A valoração ambiental é uma ferramenta importante para a tomada de decisão na gestão ambiental, porém, ainda carece de aplicações em contextos diversos, viabilizando a consolidação das suas diferentes abordagens metodológicas. Desse modo, o presente estudo objetivou estimar o valor econômico de uso recreativo do Parque Nacional de Brasília, capital do Brasil, e determinar a elasticidade preço-demanda dos visitantes residentes no Distrito Federal. Utilizou-se a abordagem zonal do método do custo de viagem. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários dentro do parque nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2020 com o intuito de obter informações sobre custo de viagem, quantidade de visitas e dados socioeconômicos dos visitantes residentes no Distrito Federal. Em seguida, por meio de análise de regressão característica do método do custo de viagem, obteve-se o valor econômico do parque. O valor econômico de uso recreativo do Parque Nacional de Brasília foi de R$ 137.667.504,14/ano, com intervalo de confiança a 95% entre R$ 55.762.205,7 a R$ 219.552.680,9/ano. Verificou-se, pela abordagem zonal, que a demanda por visitas dos residentes na capital brasileira foi elástica, pois um aumento no preço do ingresso afetou negativamente o bem-estar dos usuários do parque, reduzindo a frequência de visitas e o valor recreativo do parque. A relevância dessas informações demonstrou que existe um potencial valor econômico de uso direto do Parque Nacional de Brasília.

Abstract The environmental valuation is an important tool for the decision making in environmental management but it still needs applications in different contexts, enabling the consolidation of its different methodological approaches. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate the economic value of the recreational use of Brasília National Park in the capital of Brazil, Brasília, and to determine the price-demand elasticity of visitors who are resident in the Federal District. It was used the zonal approach of the travel cost method, for this purpose, questionnaires were applied within the park, from February to March of 2020, in order to obtain information on the travel costs, the number of visits and the socioeconomic data of resident visitors of the Federal District. Then, through regression analysis characteristic of the travel cost method, the economic value of the park is obtained. The economic value of the recreational use of Brasília National Park was BRL 137,667,504.14/year, with a 95% confidence interval between BRL 55,762,205.7 to BRL 219,552,680.9/year. It was found that demand for visits by park visitors residing in the Brazilian capital was elastic due to the zonal approach, an increase in the entrance price negatively affected the well-being of park users, which reduced the frequency of visits and also the recreational value of the park. The relevance of this information demonstrates that there is a potential economic value of direct use of Brasília National Park.

SUMMARY: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are part of the functional balance of various systems, they can generate cellular damage by oxidative stress associated with disease processes such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and aging. Some studies report that copper induces damage to the endothelium, which could be associated with cardiovascular pathologies. This study was an experimental comparative, prospective, longitudinal, and controlled clinical trial in a murine animal model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were included, the distribution of the groups was time-depending chronic exposition to copper, and a control group. Results show gradual alterations in the groups treated with copper: areas with loss of the endothelium, signs of disorganization of smooth muscle fibers in the tunica media, as well as areas with the fragmentation of the elastic sheets. A significant statistical difference was observed in the active- Caspase-3 analysis expression in the aortic endothelium and endothelium of the capillaries and arterioles of the lung between the control group vs 300 ppm of copper. Expression of eNOS was detected in the endothelium of the aorta and vessels of the lung. Our study shows histological changes in the walls of the great vessels of intoxicated rats with copper, and the increment of inflammatory cells in the alveoli of the study model, mainly at a high dose of copper exposition. These results will be useful to understand more about the mediators involved in the effect of copper over endothelium and cardiovascular diseases in chronic intoxication in humans.

RESUMEN: Las Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno (ROS) son parte del equilibrio funcional de varios sistemas, pueden generar daño celular por estrés oxidativo asociado a procesos patológicos como aterosclerosis, enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes y envejecimiento. Algunos estudios informan que el cobre induce daños en el endotelio, lo que podría estar asociado a patologías cardiovasculares. Este estudio fue un ensayo clínico experimental comparativo, prospectivo, longitudinal y controlado en un modelo animal murino. Se incluyeron veinticuatro ratas Wistar macho, la distribución de los grupos fue la exposición crónica al cobre en función del tiempo y un grupo de control. Los resultados muestran alteraciones graduales en los grupos tratados con cobre: áreas con pérdida del endotelio, signos de desorganización de las fibras musculares lisas en la túnica media, así como áreas con la fragmentación de las láminas elásticas. Se observó una diferencia estadística significativa en la expresión del análisis de caspasa-3 activa en el endotelio aórtico y el endotelio de los capilares y arteriolas del pulmón entre el grupo de control frente a 300 ppm de cobre. Se detectó expresión de eNOS en el endotelio de la aorta y los vasos del pulmón. Nuestro estudio muestra cambios histológicos en las paredes de los grandes vasos de ratas intoxicadas con cobre, y el incremento de células inflamatorias en los alvéolos del modelo de estudio, principalmente a una alta dosis de exposición de cobre. Estos resultados serán útiles para comprender más sobre los mediadores involucrados en el efecto del cobre sobre el endotelio y las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la intoxicación crónica en humanos.

ABSTRACT Background: Microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are routinely used for Cryptosporidium diagnosis, without differentiating the parasite species. Methods: Children’s feces were analyzed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) and ELISA for Cryptosporidium diagnosis and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for species identification. Results: Cryptosporidium frequency was 2.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 85.7% and 99.7%, respectively, with excellent concordance with mZN (kappa=0.854). Parasite species were characterized as Cryptosporidium hominis (78.3%), Cryptosporidium felis (17.4%), and Cryptosporidium parvum (4.3%). Conclusions: Coproantigen ELISA is as efficient as mZN for Cryptosporidium diagnosis. Cryptosporidium genotyping suggests anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission to children.