RESUMO A complexidade das mudanças globais e seus efeitos nos sistemas socioecológicos motivam o desenvolvimento de abordagens de gestão mais integradas e inovadoras para equilibrar as relações sociedade-natureza. Com o desafio de suprir demandas globais e considerar impactos locais, a Gestão Baseada em Ecossistemas (GBE) aparece como uma estratégia de avaliação e ação com potencial de qualificar as interações socioecológicas. Nesse sentido, as praias arenosas surgem como um importante e complexo sistema socioecológico cuja gestão é historicamente realizada de forma reducionista, imediatista, fragmentada e tecnocrática, o que são desafios para a implementação da GBE. Dessa forma, esse artigo visou discutir as oportunidades de incorporar a GBE na gestão de praias e os desafios para sua implementação na América Latina e Caribe. Assim, observa-se que a GBE pode orientar a adequação dos processos da gestão de praias. Apesar dos desafios enfrentados na AL&C sua implementação é uma ferramenta a ser fortalecida na região por meio da transdisciplinaridade e cooperação internacional para promover a sustentabilidade das praias.

ABSTRACT The complexity of global changes and their effects on social-ecological systems motivate the development of more integrated and innovative management approaches to balance the society-nature relationship. With the challenge of meeting global demands and considering local impacts, Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) emerges as an assessment and action strategy with the potential to qualify social-ecological interactions. In this sense, sandy beaches are an important and complex social-ecological system whose management has been historically characterized by a reductionist, immediatist, fragmented and technocratic approach - all challenges for EBM implementation. This article aims to discuss opportunities to incorporate EBM in beach management and the challenges to its implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C). GBE can guide beach management processes towards achieving sustainability. Despite the challenges faced in LA&C, GBE implementation must be strengthened in the region to support beach sustainability through the promotion of transdisciplinarity and international cooperation.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar o perfil de adesão à profilaxia medicamentosa de tromboembolismo em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas de artroplastia de joelho ou de quadril em hospital público. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado no período de agosto de 2017 a setembro de 2018, com pacientes adultos que foram acompanhados desde a internação até o pós-operatório. Para medir a adesão, aplicou-se a Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Morisky de oito itens. A quantificação do grau de adesão foi determinada segundo o resultado da soma de todas as respostas corretas: alta adesão (8 pontos), média adesão (6 a < 8 pontos), e baixa adesão (< 6 pontos). No presente estudo, foram divididos em altamente aderentes aqueles que tiveram alta adesão e parcialmente aderentes os pacientes que tiveram média ou baixa adesão. Resultados A análise da adesão mostrou que 73,0% dos pacientes foram altamente aderentes, enquanto 27,0% foram parcialmente aderentes à tromboprofilaxia. O anticoagulante prescrito na alta hospitalar foi o rivaroxabana, inibidor direto do fator Xa. Obtiveram maior adesão os pacientes que não necessitaram de reforço na orientação sobre a profilaxia durante o acompanhamento e, por conseguinte, relataram boa e ótima aceitação à profilaxia, embora estivessem polimedicados durante a alta hospitalar. Conclusão A análise dos dados obtidos permitiu concluir que os fatores que mais influenciaram na adesão foram os níveis de compreensão e aceitação dos pacientes quanto à profilaxia, a quantidade de medicamentos usada por dia pelo paciente, o custo do anticoagulante e o seu potencial em desenvolver reações adversas.

Abstract Objective The present paper aims to identify the profile of compliance to thromboembolism drug prophylaxis in patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty at a public hospital. Methods This is a prospective cohort study, carried out from August 2017 to September 2018, with adult patients who were followed-up from admission until the postoperative period. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, consisting of eight items, was applied. Compliance was quantified according to the sum of all correct answers as high (8 points), medium (6 to < 8 points), and low compliance (< 6 points). For the present study, subjects with high compliance were referred as highly compliant, whereas those with medium to low compliance were referred as partially compliant. Results The compliance analysis showed that 73.0% of the patients were highly compliant and 27.0% were partially compliant to thromboprophylaxis. The anticoagulant prescribed at hospital discharge was rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor. Compliance was greater in patients who did not require reinforcement in prophylaxis guidance during follow-up; these subjects reported good and excellent acceptance of prophylaxis, although they were on multiple medications at discharge. Conclusion The data analysis allowed us to conclude that the factors that most influenced compliance were the levels of understanding and acceptance of prophylaxis by the patients, the amount of medication used per day by the subject, the cost of the anticoagulant agent, and its potential to cause adverse reactions.

Abstract The role of women in the fisheries sector is largely underestimated and underreported. Although women are a fundamental part of the seafood supply chain in Brazil, fisheries management is gender-biased; sectoral programs and policies fail to recognize, support, and guarantee fisherwomen legal and labor rights. Brazilian fisherwomen have been very active in claiming their rights and recognition in the fisheries sector; however, public policies are lagging, and so are the studies that subsidize them. Within the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and 2030 Agenda, it is critical to analyze the interactions between SDG 14 (Life below water) and SDG 5 (Gender equality) to discuss the gender dimensions underpinning fisheries (un)sustainability. We performed a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of gender-oriented studies in marine fisheries in Brazil. We identified 19 studies, published up to December 2020, focused on artisanal fisheries. The publications show that women are present in fisheries and are fundamental subjects to maintaining the activity and continuity of this livelihood. However, fisherwomen remain invisible. Their work is underreported, underpaid, and undervalued, which jeopardizes the sustainability of artisanal marine fisheries. Considering the knowledge gaps to be addressed during the Ocean Decade, we recommend that researchers and politicians work to: make "hidden workforce" of women visible, embrace interdisciplinarity, set research priorities, fill the data gap, and subsidize public policies. During the next few years, it is critical to enable and settle monitoring and assessment programs that provide open access to data, information, and technologies for the predictability, the sustainable harvesting of the ocean, and the correct design of gender-sensitive fisheries and aquaculture policies.

Este texto discute as políticas públicas sobre a formação das professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, em nível superior, expressadas em legislações e reformas curriculares. Aponta as políticas educacionais para implementar essa formação em cursos de Pedagogia e Normal Superior e suas repercussões na comunidade educacional, abrangendo os seguintes aspectos: 1) o contexto histórico no qual esse debate vem-se construindo e as configurações que vêm assumindo ao longo das políticas educacionais e dos movimentos dos educadores; 2) as diretrizes curriculares nacionais exaradas sob influência desse contexto, que implicam mudanças relevantes nas propostas dos cursos de Pedagogia e Normal Superior. Dessa forma, objetiva compreender as propostas atuais para a formação da professora dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental num contexto marcado por lutas concorrenciais e pelo desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira. Finaliza com reflexões sobre a melhoria educacional declarada nas leis e diretrizes e sobre o discurso de formação ampla adotado pelas políticas públicas vigentes.

This article discusses public policies on primary school teacher education at university level expressed in legislations and curricular reforms. It also points out educational policies to implement teacher education in "Pedagogy" and "Normal Superior" courses and it's repercussions on the educational community; comprising the following aspects: 1) historic context in which this debate has been constructed and the configurations it has been assuming during educational policies and educators movements, 2) the national curriculum drafted under influence of this context which implies on relevant changes on the "Pedagogy" and "Normal Superior" course proposals. We aim to comprehend the present proposals for primary school teacher education in the context characterized by competitive contests and the development of Brazilian society. The article finalizes with reflections on educational improvement declared in laws and on the discourse on broad education adopted by public policies in vigor.

Este texto discute las políticas públicas sobre la formación de las profesoras de los años iniciales de la enseñaza fundamental, en nivel superior, expresadas en legislaciones y reformas curriculares. Apunta las políticas educacionales para implementar esa formación en cursos de Pedagogía y Normal Superior y sus repercusiones en la comunidad educacional, abarcando los siguientes aspectos: 1) el contexto histórico en el cual el debate viene construyéndose y las configuraciones que viene asumiendo a lo largo de las políticas educacionales y de los movimientos de los educadores. 2) las directrices curriculares nacionales labradas bajo influencia de ese contexto, que implican cambios relevantes en las propuestas de los cursos de Pedagogía y Normal Superior. De esa forma, objetiva comprender las propuestas actuales para la formación de la profesora de los años iniciales de la enseñanza fundamental en un contexto marcado por concurrencias y por el desarrollo de la sociedad brasileña. Finaliza con reflexiones sobre la mejoría educacional declarada en las leyes y directrices y sobre el discurso de formación amplia adoptado por las políticas públicas vigentes.