Resumo O artigo estuda a percepção do impacto das novas tecnologias sobre a profissão docente: inovações tecnológicas designadas de primeira geração e tecnologias de segunda geração, os sistemas de inteligência artificial. A pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar a percepção que os professores têm destas inovações tecnológicas; saber como avaliam o seu impacto; que soluções visualizam para lidar com os desafios que colocam à sua ação docente. A metodologia da pesquisa procura responder aos objetivos, com base numa coleta de dados por questionário, desenhado para obter informação relacionada com cada objetivo. A pesquisa faz parte de um projeto sobre o impacto das inovações tecnológicas de segunda geração no emprego e no trabalho. Neste artigo, apresentam-se resultados focados na atividade docente.

Abstract The article studies the impact of new technologies on the Teaching profession: first-generation technologies, and second-generation technologies, the artificial intelligence systems. The research aims: to identify teachers’ perceptions of these technological innovations; to know how they evaluate their impact; and to understand what solutions they envision to deal with the challenges they face as teachers. The research methodology seeks to respond to the objectives, based on a data collection by questionnaire, specifically designed to obtain information related to each objective. This study is part of a research project on the global impact of second-generation technologies on employment and work, and this paper presents the results of the teaching activity.

Resumen El artículo estudia la percepción del impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la profesión docente: innovaciones tecnológicas denominadas tecnologías de primera y segunda generación, sistemas de inteligencia artificial. La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la percepción que los docentes tienen de estas innovaciones tecnológicas; saber evaluar su impacto; qué soluciones imaginan para hacer frente a los desafíos que plantean a su acción docente. La metodología de investigación busca dar respuesta a los objetivos, a partir de un cuestionario de recolección de datos, diseñado para obtener información relacionada con cada objetivo. La investigación es parte de un proyecto sobre el impacto de las innovaciones tecnológicas de segunda generación en el empleo y el trabajo. En este artículo se presentan resultados centrados en la actividad docente.

ABSTRACT Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna's Album de Santa Lucía (1874) is studied here as a cultural artifact whose visual narrative construction reveals modern ways to understand the relationship between photography and writing. Beyond the notion of the album as a testimony of the urban transformations undertaken by the Intendent of Santiago, this article delves into the complexity of a piece gifted with a not sufficiently studied conceptual richness. Vicuña Mackenna elaborates a single narration by means of a noteworthy combination of written and photographic fragments, thus revealing novel ways to articulate senses. Moreover, Vicuña Mackenna’s reflections on photographic, visual, and optical devices show how these registers were intermingled in the Chilean fin de siècle culture, as well as the way this author was acquainted with the global debates that were then taking place on these matters.

RESUMEN Este artículo estudia el Álbum del Santa Lucía (1874) de Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna como un artefacto cultural cuya construcción narrativo-visual revela formas modernas de entender lo fotográfico y lo escritural. Más allá de la noción del álbum como registro de las transformaciones urbanísticas emprendidas por el Intendente de Santiago, se muestra aquí el funcionamiento de esta pieza como una obra en sí misma, con una riqueza conceptual que no ha sido suficientemente estudiada. La manera cómo Vicuña Mackenna pone a interactuar fragmentos escritos y fotográficos en un solo relato devela novedosas formas de articular sentidos. Del mismo modo, las reflexiones en torno a lo fotográfico, lo visual y los aparatos ópticos que introduce Vicuña Mackenna nos permiten ver cómo estos registros se van entremezclando en la cultura finisecular chilena.

Farm workers are often exposed to pesticides, which are products belonging to a specific chemical group that affects the health of agricultural workers and is mostly recognized as genotoxic and carcinogenic. The exposure of workers from Piauí, Brazil, to these hazardous chemicals was assessed and cytogenetic alterations were evaluated using the buccal micronucleus assay, hematological and lipid parameters, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the metabolism of pesticides, such as PON1, as well as of the DNA repair system (OGG1, XRCC1 and XRCC4). Two groups of farm workers exposed to different types of pesticides were evaluated and compared to matched non-exposed control groups. A significant increase was observed in the frequencies of micronuclei, kariorrhexis, karyolysis and binucleated cells in the exposed groups (n = 100) compared to controls (n = 100). No differences were detected regarding the hematological parameters, lipid profile and BChE activity. No significant difference was observed either regarding DNA damage or nuclear fragmentation when specific metabolizing and DNA repair genotypes were investigated in the exposed groups.

Precise normalization with reference genes is necessary, in order to obtain reliable relative expression data in response to gastrointestinal nematode infection. By using sheep from temperate regions as models, three reference genes, viz., ribosomal protein LO (RPLO), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), were investigated in the abomasum, abomasal lymph nodes and small intestine of Brazilian Somalis sheep, either resistant or susceptible to gastrointestinal nematodes infections. Real time PCR was carried out by using SYBR Green I dye, and gene stability was tested by geNorm. RPLO was an ideal reference gene, since its expression was constant across treatments, presented lower variation, and was ranked as the most stable in abomasum and lymph node tissues. On the other hand, SDHA was the most stable in the small intestine followed by RPLO and GAPDH. These findings demonstrate the importance of correctly choosing reference genes prior to relative quantification. In addition, we determined that reference genes used in sheep from temperate regions, when properly tested, can be applied in animals from tropical regions such as the Brazilian Somalis sheep.

Fatores de crescimento coordenam múltiplas vias de sinalização durante o desenvolvimento embrionário. Neste estudo, a abundância de mRNA dos genes IGF-II e bFGF foi estimada em embriões de galinha por análises de RT-PCR competitiva. Aumentos na abundância de mRNA de IGF-II foram observados nos estádios HH1, 5. Os níveis de mRNA de bFGF exibiram aumentos a partir dos estádios HH18 e 20, seguido por uma acentuada redução a níveis basais no estádio HH24 e por um segundo pico na expressão destes transcritos no estádio HH26. Tais descobertas proporcionam importantes informações sobre o padrão de expressão destes fatores de crescimento durante a embriogênese de aves

In this study, the abundance of IGF-II and bFGF transcripts was estimated in the chicken embryos using the competitive RT-PCR analysis. Significant enhancements in the abundance of IGF-II mRNA were observed at stages HH1 and 5, and a new accumulation in these levels was observed at stage HH18 in comparison to the basal levels. The abundance of bFGF mRNA increased significantly at stages HH18 and 20, followed by an upregulation in the expression of these transcripts at stage HH26. These findings provided important information about the temporal expression pattern of IGF-II and bFGF transcripts in the whole chicken embryos during in ovo development.

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in livestock allows the identification of genes that determine the genetic variation affecting traits of economic interest. We analyzed the birth weight and weight at 60 days QTL segregating on bovine chromosome BTA14 in a F2 resource population using genotypes produced from seven microsatellite markers. Phenotypes were derived from 346 F2 progeny produced from crossing Bos indicus Gyr x Holstein Bos taurus F1 parents. Interval analysis to detect QTL for birth weight revealed the presence of a QTL (p < 0.05) at 1 centimorgan (cM) from the centromere with an additive effect of 1.210 ± 0.438 kg. Interval analysis for weight at 60 days revealed the presence of a QTL (p < 0.05) at 0 cM from the centromere with an additive effect of 2.122 ± 0.735 kg. The region to which the QTL were assigned is described in the literature as responsible for some growth traits, milk yield, milk composition, fat deposition and has also been related to reproductive traits such as daughter pregnancy rate and ovulation rate. The effects of the QTL described on other traits were not investigated.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se existe associação entre a hipomotilidade da vesícula biliar em obesos, antes da cirurgia bariátrica e o desenvolvimento da litíase biliar após perda de peso. MÉTODO: No período de setembro de 2002 a janeiro de 2005, utilizando ultra-sonografia em tempo real, com medidas do volume em jejum e 60 minutos após ingestão de dieta, avaliamos a vesícula biliar de noventa e seis pacientes obesos com indicação de cirurgia bariátrica. Estes pacientes foram reavaliados um ano após a cirurgia com ultra-sonografia para detecção de litíase biliar. RESULTADOS: Vinte e sete (28,12%) apresentaram hipomotilidade da vesícula, destes, sete (29,62%) apresentaram litíase. Dezoito (18,75%) da amostra total, desenvolveram litíase biliar no período pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante no desenvolvimento de litíase no grupo de pacientes com hipomotilidade e naqueles com motilidade normal da vesícula biliar.

BACKGROUND: This study wants to establish if there is an association between gallbladder hypomotility in obese patients before bariatric surgery and gallstone development after weight loss. METHODS: From September 2002 to January 2005 using realtime ultrasonography we evaluated fasting and postprandial (60th minute) gallbladder volumes and ejection fractions in ninety six morbid obese patients prior to bariatric surgery. These patients were followed one year after bariatric surgery with gallbladder ultrasonography to identify cholelithiasis. RESULTS: There were twenty seven (28.12%) with gallbladder hypomotility, seven (29.62%) of them had cholelithiasis in the postoperative period. Eighteen of ninety six patients (18.75%) had developed gallstones. CONCLUSION: There were no statistical differences between cholelithiasis development both in patients with hypomotility and with normal gallbladder motility.

Segregation between a genetic marker and a locus influencing a quantitative trait in a well delineated population is the basis for success in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL). To detect bovine chromosome 5 (BTA5) birth weight QTL we genotyped 294 F2 Gyr (Bos indicus) x Holstein (Bos taurus) crossbreed cattle for five microsatellite markers. A linkage map was constructed for the markers and an interval analysis for the presence of QTL was performed. The linkage map indicated differences in the order of two markers relative to the reference map (<A HREF="http://www.marc.usda.gov/">http://www.marc.usda.gov</A>). Interval analysis detected a QTL controlling birth weight (p < 0.01) at 69 centimorgans (cM) from the most centromeric marker with an effect of 0.32 phenotypic standard-error. These results support other studies with crossbred Bos taurus x Bos indicus populations.