RESUMEN El eritema multiforme es una enfermedad aguda de la piel y/o de las mucosas de naturaleza inmunológica, siendo está de etiología desconocida. Solo el 20% de los casos se dan en niños. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y el examen físico y el tratamiento no está sistematizado. La terapia con láser de baja potencia está siendo cada vez más utilizada en el campo estomatológico. El objetivo fue evidenciar los beneficios del láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica. Este caso corresponde a un paciente de 10 años de edad, que acudió a la cátedra de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), derivado del Hospital General de Barrio Obrero con antecedentes de internación por presentar lesiones erosivas en labios, boca y máculas en toráx, abdomen, orejas y miembros. En el examen intraoral costras serohemáticas negruzcas en labios, lesiones ulceradas en lengua, piso de boca, paladar duro y mucosa yugal. Se procedió a hacer una lavado de la zona con agua oxigenada, en las áreas afectadas se colocó azul de metileno al 0,01% por 5 minutos, y para la aplicación de laserterapia se realizó una única sesión. El paciente mostró gran evolución a las 24 horas de la aplicación del tratamiento. A los 8 días estaba sin lesiones y asintomático. La fotobioestimulación a nivel celular que ofrece el láser de baja potencia es una herramienta verosímil que se suma a nuevas opciones terapéuticas.

ABSTRACT Erythema multiforme is an acute disease of the skin and/or mucous membranes of an immunologic nature, the etiology of which is unknown. Only 20% of cases occur in children. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination and treatment is not systematized. Low power laser therapy is being increasingly used in the stomatological field. The objective was to demonstrate the benefits of low power laser as a therapeutic alternative. This case corresponds to a 10-year-old patient, who came to the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion (UNA), referred from the General Hospital of Barrio Obrero with a history of hospitalization for presenting erosive lesions on the lips, mouth and macules on the thorax, abdomen, ears and limbs. In the intraoral examination, blackish serohematic crusts on the lips, ulcerated lesions on the tongue, floor of the mouth, hard palate and jugal mucosa. The area was washed with hydrogen peroxide, methylene blue 0.01% was applied to the affected areas for 5 minutes, and only a single session was performed for the application of the laser therapy. The patient showed great evolution 24 hours after the application of the treatment. After 8 days he was completely free of lesions and asymptomatic. The photo-biostimulation at the cellular level offered by the low power laser is a credible tool that adds to new therapeutic options.

RESUMO O eritema multiforme é uma doença aguda da pele e/ou mucosas de natureza imunológica, cuja etiologia é desconhecida. Apenas 20% dos casos ocorrem em crianças. O diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica e no exame físico. O tratamento não é sistematizado. A terapia laser de baixa potência é cada vez mais utilizada no campo estomatológico. O objectivo foi demonstrar os benefícios do laser de baixa potência como uma alternativa terapêutica. Este caso corresponde a um paciente de 10 anos de idade que veio ao Departamento de Patologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional de Asunción (UNA) e foi encaminhado do Hospital Geral do Bairro Obrero com um historial de hospitalização por apresentar lesões erosivas nos lábios, boca e máculas no tórax, abdómen, orelhas e membros. No exame intraoral, crostas serohaemáticas negras nos lábios, lesões ulceradas na língua, chão da boca, palato duro e mucosa jugal. A área foi lavada com peróxido de hidrogénio, azul de metileno 0,01% foi aplicado nas áreas afectadas durante 5 minutos, e foi realizada uma única sessão de laserterapia. O paciente mostrou uma grande evolução 24 horas após a aplicação do tratamento. Após 8 dias, estava completamente livre de lesões e assintomático. A foto-biostimulação a nível celular oferecida pelo laser de baixa potência é uma ferramenta credível que se soma a novas opções terapêuticas.

Abstract Ecto and endoparasites of four species of coastal birds, Haematopus ater, Larus dominicanus, Leucophaeus scoresbii (Charadriiformes), and Lophonetta specularioides (Anseriformes), are reported from Puerto Deseado on the Patagonian coast, Argentina. Only H. ater was infested with lice (Phthiraptera), belonging to 2 species (Ischnocera, Amblycera). A total of 19 helminth species were found parasitizing the coastal birds studied: 4 cestodes (1 Tetrabothriidae, 3 Cyclophyllidea); 11 trematodes (2 Gymnophallidae, 3 Microphallidae, 2 Notocotylidae, 1 Philophthalmidae, 2 Renicolidae, 1 Schistosomatidae); 3 nematodes (1 Anisakidae, 2 Acuariidae); and 1 acanthocephalan (Polymorphidae). Although some isolated records have been previously reported for these birds, the present work provides a parasitofauna study for H. ater, L. scoresbii, and L. specularioides for the first time. Endoparasites reflected the feeding habits of the birds; the parasite assemblage of L. dominicanus was the richest, indicating their wide prey spectrum and the diversity of the habitats frequented. A great species richness of trematodes, whose life cycles are partially known, suggests that L. specularioides feeds upon crustaceans and small bivalves. The blackish oystercatcher H. ater preys upon the limpet Nacella magellanica which hosts two larval trematodes corresponding to the adults found parasitizing it.

ABSTRACT Blattella germanica (Linneaus, 1767) is a cockroach species considered a public health pest, since it is associated with a great number of disease-causing microorganisms in humans. For its control, different types of synthetic-based insecticidal formulations are used, to which it is mostly resistant. In this context, there is a growing interest in botanical insecticides. In this research, oils from Citrus aurantium (L., 1753), Ocimum basilicum (L., 1753), Piper aduncum subsp. ossanum (C.DC. Saralegui), and Eucalyptus globulus (Labill, 1800) were evaluated by topical application of 1 µL to the first abdominal sternum of the individuals. The four essential oils evaluated showed insecticidal activity against adult B. germanica with LC50 ranging from 58µg/µL for O. basilicum to 250µg/µL for P. aduncum.

RESUMEN Blattella germanica (Linneaus, 1767) es una especie de cucaracha considerada plaga de la salud pública por estar asociada a gran número de microorganismos causantes de enfermedades al hombre. Para su control se utilizan diferentes tipos de formulaciones a base de insecticidas sintéticos a los cuales en su gran mayoría es resistente. En este contexto existe un interés creciente por los insecticidas botánicos. En el siguiente trabajo se evaluaron los aceites de Citrus aurantium (L.,1753), Ocimum basilicum (L.,1753), Piper aduncum subsp ossanum (C.DC. Saralegui) y Eucalyptus globulus (Labill, 1800) mediante aplicación tópica de un microlitro en el primer esternito abdominal de los individuos. Los cuatro aceites mostraron actividad insecticida sobre adultos de B. germanica con CL50 que oscilaron entre 58 µg/µL para O. basilicum y 250 µg/µL para P. aduncum.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el léxico disponible de estudiantes de Pedagogía en Matemáticas respecto de ocho centros de interés. Los resultados evidencian que el léxico disponible en los centros de interés de las matemáticas es mayor que el disponible en los centros de interés de las tic aplicados a las matemáticas. Además, se sugiere una categorización de este último léxico inscrito en los siguientes ámbitos: software para educación matemática, herramientas de ofimática y conceptos tecnológicos asociados a internet.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the available lexicon of students of Mathematics Education according to eight centers of interest. Results show that the lexicon available in the centers of interest is greater in mathematics than the one available in centers of interest in ict for mathematics. Additionally, a categorization of the lexicon available for icts associated with Mathematics is suggested which leads to the following connections: software for mathematics education, office automation tools, and technological concepts associated with the internet.

Resumen: El estudio aborda la construcción de la autoridad pedagógica desde la visión del estudiantado que se encuentra en proceso de formación inicial docente, en una universidad chilena de la región del Biobío. Para dar respuesta a las preguntas y objetivos se trabajó metodológicamente con un enfoque comprensivo, con la finalidad de lograr una perspectiva más amplia y profunda del fenómeno. Para la recogida de datos se efectuaron siete focus group con estudiantes que están en su periodo final de formación inicial docente, que están prontos a comenzar su carrera profesional y estudian una de las carreras de Pedagogía de la Escuela de Educación. Los principales resultados apuntan a una construcción de autoridad desde un elemento relacional, basado en la horizontalidad y la empatía, en conjunto con un elemento técnico de saberes disciplinares. Resulta relevante que la idea de la autoridad tradicional se encuentra en retirada.

Abstract: The study addresses the construction of pedagogical authority from the point of view of the students who are in the process of initial teacher training at a Chilean university in the Biobío region. To answer the questions and objectives, a comprehensive methodological approach was used in order to achieve a broader and deeper perspective of the phenomenon. For the collection of data, seven focus groups were carried out with students who are in their final period of initial teacher training, who are about to begin their professional career and are studying one of the Pedagogy careers of the School of Education. The main results point to the construction of authority from a relational element, based on horizontality and empathy, together with a technical element of disciplinary knowledge. It is relevant that the idea of traditional authority is in retreat.

Resumo: O estudo aborda a construção da autoridade pedagógica do ponto de vista dos estudantes que estão em processo de formação inicial de professores em uma universidade chilena na região de Biobío. A fim de responder às perguntas e objetivos, trabalhou-se metodologicamente com uma abordagem abrangente, com o objetivo de alcançar uma perspectiva mais ampla e profunda do fenômeno. A fim de coletar dados, sete grupos focais foram realizados com estudantes que estão no período final de treinamento inicial de professores, que estão prestes a iniciar suas carreiras profissionais e que estão estudando um dos diplomas de ensino da Escola de Educação. Os principais resultados apontam para uma construção de autoridade a partir de um elemento relacional, baseado na horizontalidade e empatia, juntamente com um elemento técnico de conhecimento disciplinar. É relevante que a idéia de autoridade tradicional está em retirada.

ABSTRACT In the business field, different concepts and strategies are handled to achieve the highest possible benefit for organizations, for which human capital is essential. In this sense, companies must face continuous changes and improvements that allow them to manage the work incentives granted to workers to promote the improvement of organizational performance, staff satisfaction and continuous motivation, in order to meet the objectives, set. In this way, the research aimed to determine the relationship between work incentives and organizational performance in a Peruvian company, where the research was defined as applied, not experimental, correlational-descriptive. The population consisted of 92 workers. For data collection, a questionnaire was used, with 30 propositions, and 5 response possibilities, with a Likert-type scale, referring to the variables work incentives and organizational performance, and the dimensions: results, task fulfillment and effectiveness. The SPSS program was used for data analysis. Correlational analysis was performed with Spearman's Rho statistician. Concluding that there is a relationship between the variables studied work incentives and organizational performance, and that, the higher the level of work incentive, the better the organizational performance.

RESUMEN En el ámbito empresarial, se manejan diferentes conceptos y estrategias para el logro del mayor beneficio posible por las organizaciones, para lo cual es imprescindible el capital humano. En este sentido, las empresas deben enfrentar cambios continuos y mejoras que le permitan manejar los incentivos laborales otorgados a los trabajadores para fomentar la mejora del desempeño organizacional, la satisfacción del personal y la motivación continua, con la finalidad de cumplir los objetivos planteados. De esta manera, la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre los incentivos laborales y el desempeño organizacional en una empresa peruana, donde se definió la investigación como aplicada, no experimental, correlacional-descriptiva. La población estuvo constituida por 92 trabajadores. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizó un cuestionario, con 30 proposiciones, y 5 posibilidades de respuesta, con escala tipo Likert, referidas a las variables incentivos laborales y desempeño organizacional, y las dimensiones: resultados, cumplimiento de tareas y efectividad. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa SPSS. El análisis correlacional se realizó con el estadígrafo Rho de Spearman. Concluyendo que existe relación entre las variables estudiadas incentivos laborales y desempeño organizacional, y que, a mayor nivel de incentivo laboral, mejor será el desempeño organizacional.

Abstract Bruises threaten the welfare of cattle because they cause pain, suffering, and stress during the pre-slaughter stage. Thus, we used meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence of carcass bruising in cattle from the American continent, determined the characteristics of the bruises, and calculated the odds ratio (OR) of risk factor categories associated with bruising. We searched electronic databases to retrieve primary studies conducted in the American continent, which reported cattle carcass bruising, analyzed the size, location, shape, and age of the bruises, and assessed risk factors for bruising. We included 46 studies from nine countries comprising 928 447 cattle carcasses with an overall prevalence of 59.5 % (95 % CI: 51.9-66-9) and 2.9 (range 3.4-7.4) bruises per carcass in average. The prevalence doubled from 30.7 % during 1991-2000 to 64.2 °/o during 2011-2020. Fresh, small-sized bruises of the lowest severity and located mainly in the hindquarter were highly prevalent (37.5-66.4 %). The removed meat due to bruising ranged 0.11-1.12 kg/carcass with an accumulated weight of condemned meat between 15.6-647 kg. Among intrinsic factors, older cattle, dairy cattle, and female cattle had greater odds of bruising (OR= 1.57-1.98). For extrinsic factors, the odds for bruising increased 1.4-2.2 in cattle sourced from auction markets and exposed to poor handling, suboptimal transportation conditions, and deficient facilities. In cattle from America, bruises are a concern because their prevalence is growing and 60 % of cattle assessed in the studies suffered a bruise. Improving facilities and transportation conditions together with proper training of the personnel during the handling and transportation of the cattle will reduce bruising incidence.

Abstract: From the perspective of doctoral pedagogy as an educational ecosystem, this article analyzes the context of the training, programs, and motivation of doctoral students in three doctoral programs in Peru. A descriptive qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with ten professors in the programs and a survey completed by 137 students. The results show that the doctoral programs respond to higher demands through scholastic programs centered on subjects and oriented to specialization, with reduced opportunities for socialization with the community of researchers.

Resumen: Desde la perspectiva de la pedagogía doctoral como un ecosistema formativo, este trabajo analiza el contexto de formación, los programas y las motivaciones de los doctorandos de tres programas de doctorado en Educación en Perú. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo con entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 profesores de los programas y un cuestionario a 137 estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que los programas doctorales responden a una mayor demanda de cualificación a través de programas escolarizados, centrados en asignaturas y orientados a la especialización con reducidos espacios de socialización con la comunidad de investigadores.

RESUMEN El lupus eritematoso sistémico es un trastorno autoinmune multisistémico que afecta primordialmente a mujeres en edad reproductiva. El embarazo en mujeres con LES aún se considera una condición de alto riesgo, a pesar de que diversas estrategias pueden mejorar los desenlaces maternos y fetales. La asesoría preconcepción es fundamental, y debe incluir la identificación de factores de riesgo de desenlaces adversos del embarazo, una explicación de las posibles complicaciones maternas y obstétricas, así como la planificación oportuna del embarazo. La estratificación de riesgos debe considerar el daño orgánico terminal, las comorbilidades, la actividad de la enfermedad y el perfil de autoanticuerpos, a fin de llevar a cabo un plan de monitoreo de los riesgos individuales del embarazo por parte de un equipo multidisciplinario. La hidroxicloroquina y la aspirina a bajas dosis han demostrado reducir el riesgo de exacerbaciones de la enfermedad y de preeclampsia, con un buen perfil de seguridad, por lo cual se recomienda su uso en todas las pacientes con LES durante el embarazo. La nefritis lúpica y la preeclampsia comparten características clínicas y de laboratorio, obstaculizando la diferenciación entre las 2 entidades. Nuevos marcadores angiogénicos y hallazgos ecográficos fetales pudieran ser de utilidad para el diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente después de las 20 semanas de gestación. Los anticuerpos antifosfolípidos, en particular el anticoagulante lúpico, tiene una estrecha asociación con las complicaciones obstétricas. El tratamiento con aspirina a bajas dosis y heparina, según el perfil de riesgos, puede mejorar las tasas de nacimientos vivos. Los anticuerpos anti-Ro/La representan un riesgo de lupus neonatal, por lo cual debe instituirse tratamiento preventivo y vigilancia fetal especial.

ABSTRACT Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects women in reproductive years. Pregnancy in women with SLE is still considered a high-risk condition although several strategies may improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Preconception counseling is fundamental and should include identification of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, explanation of potential maternal and obstetric complications and timely planning of pregnancy. Risk stratification must consider end-organ damage, comorbidities, disease activity and autoantibodies profile in order to implement an individual-risk pregnancy monitoring plan by a multidisciplinary team. Hydroxychloroquine and low dose aspirin have shown to lower the risk of disease flares and preeclampsia with a good safety profile, so its use during pregnancy in all SLE patients is recommended. Lupus nephritis and preeclampsia share clinical and laboratory features hindering differentiation between both entities. Novel angiogenic markers and fetal ultrasound findings could be helpful in the differential diagnosis, especially after 20 weeks of gestation. Antiphospholipid antibodies, particularly lupus anticoagulant, are closely associated with obstetric complications. Therapy with low dose aspirin and heparin, according to risk profile, may improve live birth rates. Anti-Ro/La antibodies confer risk for neonatal lupus, and therefore preventive therapy and special fetal surveillance should be instituted.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pulmonary paragonimiasis is an uncommon tropical trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. Acquired through the intake of freshwater crabs, this condition is characterized by respiratory symptoms such as chronic coughing and rusty expectoration. Pleural effusion is a rare complication accompanied by dyspnea and difficulty breathing. Objective: Describe a case of bilateral pleural effusion due to Paragonimus spp. infection. Clinical case: A female 51-year-old indigenous Kichwa woman was admitted for difficulty breathing and progressive dyspnea, coughing and hemoptoic expectoration. Chest radiography and computed axial tomography showed bilateral pleural effusion, whereas Paragonimus spp. eggs were visible in sputum samples under the microscope. Praziquantel 1 800 mg/day was administered for three days. The patient was discharged on the fifth day and at 45 days the respiratory picture and the pleural effusion were found to have resolved. Conclusions: Consideration should be given to the search for eggs of the parasite in sputum and/or pleural fluid of patients with respiratory symptoms and pleural effusion, even if they are migrants from endemic countries, with a view to an early diagnosis and timely treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La paragonimiasis pulmonar es una trematodiasis tropical poco común, causada por Paragonimus spp. Se adquiere por la ingestión de cangrejos de agua dulce, que puede provocar sintomatología respiratoria con tos crónica y expectoración herrumbrosa. El derrame pleural es una complicación rara con disnea y dificultad respiratoria. Objetivo: describir un caso con derrame pleural bilateral por infección de Paragonimus spp. Caso clínico: Mujer indígena Kichwa de 51 años, de la Amazonía del Ecuador, hospitalizada por dificultad respiratoria y disnea progresiva, con tos y expectoración hemoptoica. En radiografía y tomografía axial computarizada de tórax, se observa derrame pleural bilateral y en esputo se visualizan al microscopio huevos de Paragonimus spp. Se administró praziquantel 1 800 mg/día por 3 días. Al quinto día es dada de alta y a los 45 días existe resolución del cuadro respiratorio y del derrame pleural. Conclusiones: Considerar la búsqueda de huevos del parásito en esputo y/o líquido pleural en pacientes con sintomatología respiratoria y derrame pleural, incluso en migrantes de países endémicos, para un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno.

RESUMEN La linfadenitis tuberculosa es la entidad más frecuente de la tuberculosis abdominal, que ocurre por reactivación de un foco latente. Su diagnóstico requiere un alto grado de sospecha, para lo cual requiere estudios endoscópicos, radiológicos e histopatológicos. En la evaluación de las linfadenopatías, la punción y aspiración guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico cumple un rol importante. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 22 años, quien ingresa a Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza por hemorragia digestiva alta secundaría a linfadenitis mesentérica tuberculosa que comprometió la pared gástrica.

ABSTRACT Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common entity of abdominal tuberculosis, which occurs due to reactivation of a latent focus. Its diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion, for which it requires endoscopic, radiological, and histopathological studies. In the evaluation of lymphadenopathies, endoscopic ultrasound-guided aspiration puncture plays an important role. We present the case of a 22-year-old male patient who was admitted to the Emergency Department of the Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis that compromised the gastric wall

ABSTRACT Infectious respiratory diseases frequently affect patients who attend consultations; they constitute one of the most incapacitating and even, if they are not taken care properly they generate a torpid evolution and can jeopardize the life of the patient. In its treatment allopathic medications are used, as well as therapeutic modalities of herbal and folk medicine. Taking into account the development of homeopathy in Cuba in recent years, it is proposed as an objective to emphasize the importance of improvement by health professionals in the use of this therapeutic modality, in order to use it at different levels of care for its relevance in times of pandemic.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades respiratorias infecciosas afectan con frecuencia a los pacientes que acuden a consultas; constituyen una de las más incapacitantes e incluso, si no se atienden adecuadamente generan una evolución tórpida y pueden comprometer la vida del paciente. En su tratamiento se emplean medicamentos alopáticos, así como modalidades terapéuticas de medicina natural y tradicional. Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo de la homeopatía en Cuba en los últimos años, se propone como objetivo enfatizar en la importancia de la superación por parte de los profesionales de la salud en el uso de esta modalidad terapéutica, a fin de utilizarla en los diferentes niveles de atención por su pertinencia en tiempos de pandemia.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the factors associated with pregnancy-induced arterial hypertension (PIH) in women living at altitude. Methods: The research was observational, analytical of cases and controls. It was carried out at the Regional Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital El Carmen de Huancayo, Peru, located at 3,259 meters above sea level. The sample was calculated using Epidat 3.0. 80% power level, with frequency of 27% for cases, 17% for controls, precision of 5% and odds ratio (OR) = 2. X2 was used for statistical analysis squared, binomial logistic regression, and multivariate. Results: 940 (100%) pregnant women were included, with a mean age of 36.7 years ± 5.8 years (range: 15 to 44 years). The most frequent clinical manifestations of pregnant women with PIH were: edema (63.1%), headache (61.9%), epigastric pain (51.4%), ringing in the ears (41.9%), hyperreflexia (26, 4%), and scotomas (19.8%). The risk factors associated with a higher probability of PIH compared to normotensive pregnant women were: obesity (78.1% vs 39.2%); OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 2.31-5.42; p = 0.000); and extreme age (27.1% vs 17.3%; OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.319; p = 0.000). Conclusions: The most frequent symptoms in PIH are edema, headache, and epigastric pain. The factors associated with a higher risk of PIH were obesity and extreme age in pregnant women living at high altitudes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: : Determinar los factores asociados a la hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo (HIE) en personas que viven en la altura. Métodos: La investigación fue de tipo observacional, analítico de casos y controles. Se realizó en el Hospital Regional Docente Materno Infantil El Carmen de Huancayo, Perú ubicado a 3 259 m.s.n.m. El cálculo de la muestra se realizó mediante el Epidat 3.0. nivel de potencia del 80%, con frecuencia del 27% para los casos, 17% para los controles, precisión del 5% y odds ratio (OR) = 2. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el X2 cuadrado, la regresión logística binomial y multivariado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 940 (100%) gestantes, con promedio de edad de 36.7 años ± 5.8 años (rango: 15 a 44 años). Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes de las embarazadas con HIE fueron: edemas (63,1%), cefalea (61,9%), epigastralgia (51,4%), zumbido de oídos (41,9%), hiperreflexia (26,4%), y escotomas (19,8%). Los factores de riesgo asociados a una mayor probabilidad de HIE en comparación con las embarazadas normotensas fueron: la obesidad (78,1% vs 39,2%); OR= 3,54; IC95%: 2,31-5,42; p=0.000); y edad extrema (27,1% vs 17,3%; OR= 1,56; IC95%: 1,05 - 2,319; p=0.000). Conclusiones: Los síntomas más frecuentes en la HIE son edemas, cefalea y epigastralgia. Los factores asociados a mayor riesgo de HIE fueron la obesidad, y la edad extrema en gestantes que viven en la altura.

Resumo O trabalho desenvolveu se no Cerro Três Pontas de Pilasca no distrito de Salas-Motupe, região Lambayeque, Perú. O objetivo de estudo foi determinar a sua biomassa arbórea, o carbono aglomerado e a valoração econômica. Com este fim estabeleceram se quatro transeptos linhares que abrangeram 11,4 ha duma totalidade de 2 975 há da extensão de estudo. Em cada uns dos transeptos avaliados, a altura e o diâmetro (a 1,30 cm por acima do terreno) ≥ 5,0 cm de todos os indivíduos arbóreos. Mesmo assim, realizaram se coletas botânicas para a identificação dos mesmos. Registraram se 140 indivíduos, compreendidos em 17 espécies, 17 gêneros e 10 famílias. A biomassa estimada nos quatro transeptos resultou uma meia de 796,62 t ha-1, que transformada em toneladas de carbono, trouxe como resultante 1 460,6 t CO2 ha-1, o que significa uma valoração econômica de 28 963,70 USD por há. As famílias que aportaram maior biomassa ao Cerro Três Pontas de Pilasca, foram Moraceae e Lauraceae, com 8 457,95 t ha-1 y 5 738,79 tha-1 simultaneamente, mesmo que no resto das famílias, a biomassa foi menor de 1 000 t ha-1. O Cerro Três Pontas de Pilasca demostrou ser uma importante floresta com altos valores com altos valores de biomassa para a região de Lambayeque.

Abstract The work was developed in the Cerro Tres Puntas de Pilasca, in the district of Salas-Motupe, Lambayeque region, Perú. The objective of the study was to determine its tree biomass, accumulated carbon and economic valuation. For this purpose, four linear transects were established covering 11.4 ha of the total 2,975 ha of the study area. In each transect were evaluated the height and diameter (1.30 cm above the ground) ≥ 5.0 cm of all tree individuals. Also, botanical collections were made for their identification. 410 individuals were registered, comprised of 17 species, 17 genera and 10 families. The estimated biomass in the four transects gave an average of 796.62 t ha-1, which transformed into tons of carbon gave 1 460.6 t CO2 ha-1, meaning an economic valuation of 28 963.70 USD per ha. The families that contribute more biomass to the Cerro Tres Puntas de Pilasca were Moraceae and Lauraceae, with 8 457.95 t ha-1 and 5 738.79 t ha-1 respectively, while in the rest of the families the biomass was less than 1 000 t ha-1. Cerro Tres Puntas de Pilasca proved to be an important forest with high biomass values for the region of Lambayeque.

Resumen El trabajo se desarrolló en el cerro Tres Puntas de Pilasca, en el distrito de Salas-Motupe, región Lambayeque, Perú. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar su biomasa arbórea, el carbono acumulado y la valoración económica. Para ello, se establecieron cuatro transectos lineares que abarcaron 11,4 ha del total de 2 975 ha del área de estudio. En cada transecto fueron evaluados la altura y el diámetro (a 1,30 cm por encima del suelo) ≥ 5,0 cm de todos los individuos arbóreos. Asimismo, se realizaron colectas botánicas para la identificación de los mismos. Se registraron 410 individuos, comprendidos en 17 especies, 17 géneros y 10 familias. La biomasa estimada en los cuatro transectos arrojó una media de 796,62 t ha-1, la que transformada en toneladas de carbono arrojó 1 460,6 t CO2 ha-1, significando una valoración económica de 28 963,70 USD por ha. Las familias que aportan mayor biomasa al cerro Tres Puntas de Pilasca fueron Moraceae y Lauraceae, con 8 457,95 t ha-1 y 5 738,79 t ha-1 respectivamente, mientras que en el resto de familias la biomasa fue menor de 1 000 t ha-1. El cerro Tres Puntas de Pilasca demostró ser un importante bosque con altos valores de biomasa para la región de Lambayeque.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus produces respiratory symptoms, predominantly of the upper airways, which can progress to pneumonia after 7 days with persistent fever, cough and dyspnea, and even develop a syndrome of acute respiratory distress (ARDS), multi-organ failure and death. Since COVID-19 disease was declared by the WHO there has been a redistribution of the healthcare system for these types of patients, especially in the front line, which is, in primary care, emergencies and in intensive care units (ICU). In primary care, the fundamental role is the diagnosis of the suspected patients, follow-up mainly by telemedicine (specially telephone calls) to detect warning signs in case of worsening and subsequent referral to the emergency department; as well as explaining home isolation measures. In the emergency department, it is included the management of suspicious cases and, if it any risk factor is found, complementary tests are carried out for precise diagnosis and admission assessment; In case of oxygen saturation <95% and poor general condition, valuation is requested for admission to the ICU. Depending on the severity of the patient, he/she would be or not a candidate for invasive mechanical ventilation, which must be performed by trained personnel to prevent the spread of the infection minimizing the risk of contagion. ARDS's treatment strategies include pulmonary protection ventilation, prone position, recruitment maneuvers and, less frequently, oxygenation by extracorporeal membrane. Among the specific treatments for COVID-19 stand out mainly drugs to reduce viral load, although sometimes specific drugs will be needed to treat hyperinflammation, hypercoagulability and concomitant infections. One of the goals to be achieved is for patients to recover and be able to successfully return to work; for this purpose, an adequate physical and psychological rehabilitation program is essential, as about 50% have symptoms of anxiety and depression.