RESUMO A sialolitíase é a formação de cálculos no interior do ducto de uma glândula salivar que acomete com maior prevalência a glândula submandibular. O defeito ósseo de Stafne é um defeito mandibular raro de etiologia desconhecida, que comumente apresenta tecido glandular no interior. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar o primeiro caso clínico de sialolitíase da glândula submandibular com defeito ósseo de Stafne associado.Apesar da maioria dos desfeitos ósseos de Stafne estarem associado à glândula salivar, não há estudos que comprovem a associação entre as duas lesões, sendo necessários mais estudos para elucidar a relação entre as lesões.

ABSTRACT Sialolithiasis is the formation of calcific concretions within duct of a salivary gland that affects the submandibular gland with greater prevalence. Stafne bone cavity is a rare mandibular defect of unknown etiology, which commonly presents glandular tissue inside. The aim of this work is to report the first clinical case of sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland with associated Stafne bone defect. Although most of Stafne bone cavity are associated with the salivary gland, there are no studies that prove the association between the two injuries, and further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between the injuries.

Ambuic acid (AA) is a highly-modified cyclohexenone and known as a promising inhibitor of quorum sensing in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and is thus a candidate as an antivirulence drug. This molecule is mainly produced by the species of Pestalotiopsis and, since its discovery twenty years ago, only a restricted amount of AA-derivatives have been described. Despite being a promising subject, methods for the analysis of modified AA-analogues via mass spectrometry remain unexplored. In order to adress this question, the marine fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. 4A11 associated with the ascidian Didemnum perlucidum was grown in a solid rice medium and its crude extract was chemically studied. From this extract, AA and 10-hydroxy ambuic acid (10-HAA) were isolated and identified using NMR spectroscopy with the aim of obtaining model compounds for the MS analysis. These served as reference compounds (seeds) to guide the dereplication of other AA-analogues via LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking. Based on the manual interpretation of the fragmentation pathways of the seeds and related compounds observed in the networks, six AA-derivatives were dereplicated in the extract. Furthermore, three analogues with unprecedented chemical formulas were proposed as putative unprecedented AA-derivatives. The fragmentation annotation proposed represents a fast and feasible method for characterizing AA-derivatives.

RESUMO O artigo analisa a Política de Fomento a Escolas de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral, indutora do Novo Ensino Médio Brasileiro, para identificar possibilidades de educação ecossistêmica. A base teórica é plural, baseada na complexidade e na governança. A metodologia inclui análise documental, levantamento com escolas e imersão em escola do Distrito Federal. À luz da Análise de Discurso Crítica, concluiu-se que há espaço de auto-eco-organização de políticas locais, indicando que a reforma não está nas normas ou recursos, mas na ação das pessoas, no contexto da prática. A não alocação de recursos financeiros e de informação pode comprometer a sustentabilidade.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the Policy of Promoting Full-Time Secondary Schools, which prompts the Brazilian New Secondary Education to identify possibilities for ecosystemic education. Its theoretical basis is plural, based on complexity and governance. Methodology includes document analysis, survey with schools, and immersion in a school in the Brazilian Federal District. Based on critical discourse analysis, it concluded that there is room for self-eco-organization of local policies, indicating that reform does not take place in norms or resources but in people’s actions, in the context of practice. Failure to allocate financial resources and information can compromise sustainability.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: The rapid advance of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has led to the incessant search for therapeutic and prophylactic measures to fight the pandemic. Because it is a viral infection, the safest long-term prophylactic form, in addition to social distance and hygiene, is the vaccine. OBJECTIVE: Thus, this study aimed at conducting a review of the efficacy and landscape of Covid-19 vaccines. METHODS: The following electronic databases were used MEDLINE via PubMed, SCIELO, LILACS, NEJM, and Clinical Trials. Our study includes the 7 vaccines (phase 3) that reported an efficacy rate for Covid-19, including characteristics inherent to each one of them. RESULTS: Preliminary studies have shown that, although an efficacy ≥70% is necessary to eliminate the infection, a prophylactic vaccine with efficacy <70% will still have an important impact and can contribute to the elimination of the virus, provided that appropriate measures of social distancing remain. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the vaccines obtained in this study varied between 50.38 and 95%, data that may represent a reduction in serious cases, hospitalizations, sequels, and deaths caused by Covid-19, respecting the panorama presented in this article.

RESUMO A determinação do acúmulo de nutrientes durante o ciclo vegetativo é essencial para estabelecer o manejo nutricional. Objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de matéria seca e a exigência nutricional, estabelecendo as curvas de absorção, a época ideal de manejo e a ordem de extração dos elementos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com oito períodos de coleta aos 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 dias após a emergência (DAE), com quatro repetições. Em cada período, ocorreu uma coleta de forma destrutiva, para determinar a matéria seca e, assim, estimar o conteúdo de macro e micronutrientes. Foram ajustados, quando significativos, modelos não lineares para explicar o acúmulo de matéria seca e absorção de nutrientes. A equação sigmoidal foi o modelo que melhor representou a curva de crescimento das plantas de feijão-de-metro com acúmulo máximo de biomassa aos 80 DAE de 177,5 g planta- ¹. A fase de maior exigência nutricional da cultura é no período de 20 a 45 DAE (início das fases de florescimento e frutificação), onde deve ser realizado o manejo nutricional. A ordem decrescente da extração total de macronutrientes pela planta no final do ciclo foi de K>Ca=N>S=P>Mg com respectivos valores de 2.668,3 mg planta-¹, 2.331,1 mg planta-¹, 2.279,2 mg planta-¹, 507,5 mg planta-¹, 496,3 mg planta-¹ e 213,2 mg planta-¹, e de micronutrientes Fe>B>Mn>Zn>Cu, com 10.933,1 µg planta-¹, 6.310,8 µg planta-¹, 4.746,8 µg planta-¹, 2.854,1 µg planta-¹ e 717,1 µg planta-¹, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT Knowing about the nutrient uptake during plant cycle is essential for nutrient management decisions. We evaluated dry matter accumulation and nutrient demand, and it to determine the uptake curves, the ideal phase for management, and element extraction order for yard long beans. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eight collection periods, at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 days after emergence (DAE), and four replicates. For each period, destructive sampling was performed and the sample’s dry matter content was determined, so that it could be used to estimate macro- and micronutrient contents. When significant, nonlinear models were adjusted to explain dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. The sigmoidal equation was the model which best depicted the growth curve for yard long bean, which reached a maximum biomass accumulation of 177.5 g plant-¹ at 80 DAE. The crop's most demanding phase in terms of nutritional requirements is from 20 to 45 DAE, which is the ideal phase for nutrient management. The element extraction order at the end of the plant's cycle was K>Ca=N>S=P>Mg (macronutrients) with values of 2,668.3 mg plant-¹, 2,331.1 mg plant-¹, 2,279.2 mg plant-¹, 507.5 mg plant-¹, 496.3 mg plant-¹ and 213.2 mg plant-¹, and Fe>B>Zn>Mn>Cu (micronutrients), with 10,933.1 µg plant-¹, 6,310.8 µg plant-¹, 4,746.8 µg plant-¹, 2,854.1 µg plant-¹ and 717.1 µg plant-¹, respectively.

RESUMO O brócolis possui grande importância econômica, social e nutricional. O melhoramento genético desta cultura disponibilizou cultivares com produção satisfatória em clima quente e úmido. Para avaliar cultivares de brócolis dos grupos "ramoso" e "cabeça" de maior produção de inflorescências em clima quente e úmido da Amazônia Central foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos. No experimento 1 foram avaliadas as cultivares do grupo "ramoso"(Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Ramoso Santana, Piracicaba, Piracicaba Precoce, Ramirez F1, Hanabi, Piracicaba Precoce Verão e Hanapon). No experimento 2, cultivares do grupo "cabeça" (Green Storm, Strong, TPX-00925, Salinas F1, Bibou, Domador, Burney e BRO 68). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos, representados pelas cultivares, e quatro repetições para cada experimento. Foram analisadas variáveis quantitativas, dentre as quais, massa fresca e seca das inflorescências e variáveis qualitativas que evidenciaram a ocorrência de características indesejáveis nas inflorescências. Houve diferença estatística significativa entre as cultivares do grupo "ramoso" entre si e do grupo "cabeça" entre si. As cultivares de brócolis que apresentaram melhor produção de inflorescências em clima quente e úmido da Amazônia Central foram Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Piracicaba Precoce Verão, Ramoso Santana e Piracicaba Precoce do grupo "ramoso", e Green Storm e Burney do grupo "cabeça".

ABSTRACT Broccoli has great economic, social, and nutritional importance. Genetic improvements through breeding programs for this species made available cultivars with satisfactory production in hot and humid climates. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inflorescence production of broccoli cultivars (Ramoso and Cabeça groups) in the hot and humid climate of Central Amazonia. In experiment 1, Ramoso group cultivars were evaluated (Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Ramoso Santana, Piracicaba, Piracicaba Precoce, Ramirez F1, Hanabi, Piracicaba Precoce Verão, and Hanapon ). In experiment 2, Cabeça group cultivars were evaluated (Green Storm, Strong, TPX-00925, Salinas F1, Bibou, Domador, Burney, and BRO 68 ). A randomized block experimental design was used, with eight treatments consisted of cultivars, and four replications for each experiment. Quantitative variables were evaluated, including inflorescence fresh and dry weights; and the qualitative variables evaluated showed the occurrence of undesirable characteristics in the inflorescences. Significant differences were found within the Ramoso group cultivars and within the Cabeça group cultivars evaluated. The broccoli cultivars that showed the best inflorescence production in the humid, hot climate of Central Amazonia were Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Piracicaba Precoce Verão, Ramoso Santana, and Piracicaba Precoce of the Ramoso group; and Green Storm and Burney of the Cabeça group.

Due to the increase of bacterial resistance, the search for new antibiotics is necessary and the medicinal plants represent its most important source. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial property of extract and fractions from Protium spruceanum leaves, against pathogenic bacteria. By means of diffusion and microdilution assays, the crude extract was active against the nine bacteria tested being the hydromethanolic fraction the most active. During phytochemical procedures, procyanidin (1) and catechin (2) were identified as the main antibacterial constituents of this fraction. In silico results obtained using PASSonline tool indicated 1 and 2 as having good potential to interact with different targets of currently used antibiotics. These results no indicated potential to none DNA effect and indicated the cell wall as mainly target. Electrophoresis result supported that had no DNA damage. Cell wall damage was confirmed by propidium iodide test that showed increased membrane permeability and by cell surface deformations observed in scanning electronic microscopy. The in vitro assays together with the in silico prediction results establish the potential of P. spruceanum as source of antibacterial compounds that acts on important bacterial targets. These results contribute to the development of natural substances against pathogenic bacteria and to discovery of new antibiotics.

ABSTRACT Background: Intrathecal injection of voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker peptide toxins exerts analgesic effect in several animal models of pain. Upon intrathecal administration, recombinant Phα1β exerts the same analgesic effects as the those of the native toxin. However, from a clinical perspective, the intrathecal administration limits the use of anesthetic drugs in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible antinociceptive effect of intravenous recombinant Phα1β in rat models of neuropathic pain, as well as its side effects on motor, cardiac (heart rate and blood pressure), and biochemical parameters. Methods: Male Wistar rats and male Balb-C mice were used in this study. Giotto Biotech® synthesized the recombinant version of Phα1β using Escherichia coli expression. In rats, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve and paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated using von Frey filaments. A radiotelemeter transmitter (TA11PA-C10; Data Sciences, St. Paul, MN, USA) was placed on the left carotid of mice for investigation of cardiovascular side effects. Locomotor activity data were evaluated using the open-field paradigm, and serum CKMB, TGO, TGP, LDH, lactate, creatinine, and urea levels were examined. Results: Intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1β toxin induced analgesia for up to 4 h, with ED50 of 0.02 (0.01-0.03) mg/kg, and reached the maximal effect (Emax = 100% antinociception) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in any of the evaluated motor, cardiac or biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Our data suggest that intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1β may be feasible for drug-induced analgesia, without causing any severe side effects.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo, discutir os novos paradigmas educacionais, voltados para o desenvolvimento sustentável, a fim de se construir um novo modelo de escola, a partir da interação mais eficaz de todos os envolvidos no processo educacional, das famílias dos alunos e da sociedade. Tal ideia se baseia no pressuposto da gestão participativa, e vai ao encontro da promoção da sustentabilidade no ambiente escolar ao se considerar que essa iniciativa envolve ações individuais, mas também coletivas. A educação ambiental não pode se reduzir a uma atuação focada apenas no indivíduo, de maneira fragmentada. Tampouco, pode se voltar para coletivos genéricos, abstratos, fora do contexto territorial e histórico. Este artigo visa, ainda, a discussão da efetividade do uso de indicadores qualitativos, no sentido de verificar se eles podem ser utilizados enquanto balizadores das políticas públicas voltadas à escola, bem como discutir a efetividade da gestão participativa na constituição de escolas sustentáveis.

Abstract This article aims to discuss the new educational paradigms aimed at sustainable development in order to build a new school model from the most effective interaction of all those involved in the educational process, the families of students and society. This idea is based on the assumption of participatory management and is in line with the promotion of sustainability in the school environment to be considered as involving individual actions, but also as encompassing collective ones. Environmental education cannot be used as an action concerning only the individual in a fragmented way. Nor can it turn to generic, abstract collectives outside the territorial and historical context. This article also aims at discussing effectiveness of the use of qualitative indicators, in the sense of verifying if the results can be used in public policies directed to the school, as well as at discussing participatory management effectiveness in the constitution of sustainable schools.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los nuevos paradigmas educativos para el desarrollo sostenible a fin de construir un nuevo modelo de escuela, a partir de la interacción más eficaz de todos los involucrados en el proceso educativo, las familias de los alumnos y de la sociedad. Esta idea se basa en el presupuesto de la gestión participativa, y va al encuentro de la promoción de la sostenibilidad en el ambiente escolar al considerar que esa iniciativa involucra acciones individuales, pero también colectivas. La educación ambiental no puede reducirse a una actuación enfocada solo en el individuo, de manera fragmentada.. Tampoco, puede volverse hacia colectivos genéricos, abstractos, fuera del contexto territorial e histórico. Este artículo apunta, además, a la discusión de la efectividad del uso de indicadores cualitativos, en el sentido de verificar si ellos pueden ser utilizados como balizadores de las políticas públicas dirigidas a la escuela, así como discutir la efectividad de la gestión participativa en la constitución de escuelas sostenibles.

Resumo: Este estudo analisa os indicadores de influência da gestão participativa no desenvolvimento de projetos escolares, contemplados pelo Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE) - Escolas Sustentáveis, que visaram a promoção de uma educação socioambiental. Os dados foram gerados mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com diretores, professores, coordenadores e alunos em quatro escolas contempladas pelo programa. A partir de um universo de 15 participantes, os resultados confirmaram a premissa de que a gestão participativa, acrescida do apoio financeiro institucional aos projetos da escola, enriqueceu tanto o ambiente escolar como o ambiente social no que concerne à questão da conservação e da preservação do meio ambiente, com objetivo de possibilitar uma qualidade de vida melhor para a geração presente e futura. Baseou-se a identificação dos sentidos que os participantes atribuem às suas ações e conquistas em ambientes escolares que permitissem ampla participação e diálogo. Assim, culminou a criação do que se chamou aqui de indicadores de sustentabilidade socioambiental em escolas de gestão participativa.

Abstract: This paper analyses the influence indicators of participative management in the development of educational projects that aimed to promote a socio-environmental education, covered by the "Programa dinheiro direto na escola: escolas sustentáveis" ("Money straight in school program: sustainable schools"). The data was generated through semi-structured interviews conducted with principals, teachers, coordinators and students at four schools covered by the program. From a sample of 15 participants, the results confirmed the assumption that the participative management, complemented by the institutional financial support to school projects, enriched both the social and the school community about the environment conservation and preservation issues, to provide a better quality of life for the present and future generations. Schools that allow broad participation and debate enabled the identification of the meanings attached by the participants to their actions and achievements. Thus, the creation of the indicators of the environmental sustainability in schools of participative management was obtained.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O uso da anestesia neuroaxial em cirurgia cardíaca é recente, porém os efeitos hemodinâmicos dos anestésicos locais e a anticoagulação podem trazer riscos aos pacientes. OBJETIVO: Revisar os benefícios da anestesia neuroaxial em cirurgia cardíaca para revascularização miocárdica por meio de uma revisão sistemática de revisões sistemáticas. CONTEÚDO: Foi feita pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed (de janeiro de 1966 a dezembro de 2012), Embase (1974 a dezembro 2012), The Cochrane Library (volume 10, 2012) e Lilacs (1982 a dezembro de 2012) em busca de artigos de revisões sistemáticas. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: mortalidade, infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral, tempo de internação hospitalar, arritmias e hematoma peridural. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da anestesia neuroaxial para revascularização miocárdica permanece controverso. O maior benefício encontrado por meio desta revisão foi a possibilidade de redução das arritmias pós-operatórias, porém esse resultado foi contraditório entre as evidências identificadas. Os resultados das evidências encontradas referentes à mortalidade, ao infarto do miocárdio, ao acidente vascular cerebral e ao tempo de internação hospitalar não mostraram maior efetividade da anestesia neuroaxial.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of neuraxial anesthesia in cardiac surgery is recent, but the hemodynamic effects of local anesthetics and anticoagulation can result in risk to patients. OBJECTIVE: To review the benefits of neuraxial anesthesia in cardiac surgery for CABG through a systematic review of systematic reviews. CONTENT: The search was performed in Pubmed (January 1966 to December 2012), Embase (1974 to December 2012), The Cochrane Library (volume 10, 2012) and Lilacs (1982 to December 2012) databases, in search of articles of systematic reviews. The following variables: mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, in-hospital length of stay, arrhythmias and epidural hematoma were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of neuraxial anesthesia in cardiac surgery remains controversial. The greatest benefit found by this review was the possibility of reducing postoperative arrhythmias, but this result was contradictory among the identified findings. The results of findings regarding mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke and in-hospital length of stay did not show greater efficacy of neuraxial anesthesia.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia neuroaxial (AN) vem sendo utilizada em associação com a anestesia geral (AG) para revascularização miocárdica, entretanto a anticoagulação durante a cirurgia torna questionável a viabilidade dos benefícios mediante o risco de hematoma de espaço peridural. O objetivo deste estudo foi executar metanálises analisando a efetividade da AN associada à AG comparada à AG isolada para a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica relativa à redução da mortalidade. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados mortalidade, arritmias, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), infarto miocárdico (IM), tempo de internação hospitalar (TIH), tempo de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (TUTI), reoperações, transfusão sanguínea (TS), qualidade de vida, grau de satisfação e disfunção cognitiva pós-opertória. A diferença média (DM) ponderada foi estimada para as variáveis contínuas e risco relativo (RR) e a diferença de risco (DR) para variáveis categóricas. RESULTADOS: Analisados 17 artigos originais. Metanálise da mortalidade (DR = -0,01; IC 95% = -0,03 a 0,01), AVC (RR = 0,79; IC 95% = 0,32 a 1,95), IM (RR = 0,96; IC 95% = 0,52 a 1,79) e TIH (DM = -1,94; IC 95% = -3,99 a 0,12) não demonstraram significância estatística. Arritmia foi menos frequente com AN (RR = 0,68; IC 95% = 0,50 a 0,93). O TUTI foi menor no com AN (DM = -2,09; IC 95% = -2,92 a -1,26). CONCLUSÃO: Não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes quanto a mortalidade. A combinação de AN e AG mostrou menor incidência de arritmias e menor TUTI.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neuraxial anesthesia (NA) has been used in association with general anesthesia (GA) for coronary artery bypass; however, anticoagulation during surgery makes us question the viability of benefits by the risk of epidural hematoma. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analyzes examining the efficacy of NA associated with GA compared to GA alone for coronary artery bypass on mortality reduction. METHODS: Mortality, arrhythmias, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), myocardial infarction (MI), length of hospital stay (LHS), length of ICU stay (ICUS), reoperations, blood transfusion (BT), quality of life, satisfaction degree, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction were analyzed. The weighted mean difference (MD) was estimated for continuous variables, and relative risk (RR) and risk difference (RD) for categorical variables. RESULTS: 17 original articles analyzed. Meta-analysis of mortality (RD = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.01), CVA (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.32-1.95), MI (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.52-1.79) and LHS (MD = -1.94, 95% CI = -3.99 to 0.12) were not statistically significant. Arrhythmia was less frequent with NA (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50-0.93). ICUS was lower in NA (MD = -2.09, 95% CI = -2.92 to -1.26). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in mortality. Combined NA and GA showed lower incidence of arrhythmias and lower ICUS.

ABSTRACT Changes in carbon stocks in different compartments of soil organic matter of a clayey Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Typic Haplustox), caused by the substitution of native savanna vegetation (cerrado sensu stricto) by agroecosystems, were assessed after 31 years of cultivation. Under native vegetation, a stock of 164.5 Mg ha-1 C was estimated in the 0.00-1.00 m layer. After 31 years of cultivation, these changes in soil C stocks were detected to a depth of 0.60 m. In the case of substitution of cerrado sensu stricto by no-tillage soybean-corn rotation, a reduction of at least 11 % of the soil C pools was observed. However, the adoption of no-tillage as an alternative to tillage with a moldboard plow (conventional system) reduced CO2 emissions by up to 12 %.